Control Carbon Monoxide Research Articles

Synthetic Pt-Fe(OH) x catalysts by one-pot method for CO catalytic oxidation.

Catalytic oxidation is used to control carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from industrial exhaust. In this work, The prepared Pta-Fe(OH) x catalysts (x represents the mass fraction of Pt loading (%), a = 0.5, 1 and 2) by the one-pot reduction method exhibited excellent CO catalytic activity, with the Pt2-Fe(OH) x catalyst, 70% and ∼100% CO conversion was achieved at 30°C and 60°C, respectively. In addition, the Pt2-Fe(OH) x catalyst also showed excellent H2O resistance and hydrothermal stability in comparison to the Pt2/Fe(OH) x catalyst prepared by impregnation method. Characterization results showed that the excellent catalytic performance of the catalysts was mainly attributed to the abundant surface oxygen species and Pt0 the presence of H2O, which promoted the catalytic reaction of CO, and Density functional theory (DFT) calculation showed that this was mainly attributed to the catalytic activity of the hydroxyl (-OH) species on Pt2-Fe(OH) x surface, which could easily oxidize CO to -COOH, which could be further decomposed into CO2 and H atoms. This study provides valuable insights into the design of high-efficiency non-precious metal catalysts for CO catalytic oxidation catalysts with high efficiency.

Unraveling FeOx Nanoparticles Confined on Fibrous Mesoporous Silica Catalyst Construction and CO Catalytic Oxidation Performance

Catalytic oxidation is used to control carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from industrial exhaust. In this study, a mesoporous silica material, KCC-1, was synthesized and used as a carrier with a high specific surface area to confine active component FeOx nanoparticles (NPs), and the CO catalytic oxidation performance of x%Fe@KCC-1 catalysts (x represents the mass loading of Fe) was studied. The experimental results showed that due to its large specific surface area and abundant mesopores, the FeOx NPs were highly dispersed on the surface of the KCC-1 carrier. The particle size of FeOx was very small, resulting in strong interactions between FeOx NPs and KCC-1, which enhanced the catalytic oxidation reaction on the catalyst. The FeOx loading improved the CO adsorption capability of the catalyst, which facilitated the catalytic oxidation of CO, with the 7%Fe@KCC-1 catalyst achieving 100% CO conversion at 160 °C. The CO catalytic removal mechanism was investigated by a combination of in-situ DRIFTS and DFT calculations. This study advances scientific understanding of the application potential of nano-catalysts in important oxidation reactions and provides valuable insights into the development of efficient CO oxidation catalysts.

Mechanistic Studies of Carbon Monoxide Release from Norborn‐2‐en‐7‐one CORMs

AbstractA study has been performed to determine the factors that control carbon monoxide (CO) release from 3a‐bromo‐norborn‐2‐en‐7‐one‐based organic CO‐releasing molecules (oCOms). Such molecules have recently become of interest for the therapeutic potential of targeted delivery of the gasotransmitter CO, however the mechanism controlling the release of CO has not been comprehensively studied. Elucidation of this mechanism would enable tuning of the rate of CO release to specific therapeutic needs, such as acute vs chronic administration. By the synthesis and evaluation of substituted oCOms, CO release has been shown to be controlled by a rate‐determining E1cB(irr)‐type elimination of HBr followed by rapid chelotropic decomposition to give CO and a substituted phthalimide byproduct. Based on this result we report the successful rational design and synthesis of water‐soluble oCOms with targeted half‐lives intermediate to those reported previously.

Advances in emission control of diesel vehicles in China

Diesel vehicles have caused serious environmental problems in China. Hence, the Chinese government has launched serious actions against air pollution and imposed more stringent regulations on diesel vehicle emissions in the latest China VI standard. To fulfill this stringent legislation, two major technical routes, including the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and high-efficiency selective catalytic reduction (SCR) routes, have been developed for diesel engines. Moreover, complicated aftertreatment technologies have also been developed, including use of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) for controlling carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, diesel particulate filter (DPF) for particle mass (PM) emission control, SCR for the control of NOx emission, and an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) for the control of unreacted NH3. Due to the stringent requirements of the China VI standard, the aftertreatment system needs to be more deeply integrated with the engine system. In the future, aftertreatment technologies will need further upgrades to fulfill the requirements of the near-zero emission target for diesel vehicles.

Neural Fuzzy Control of the Indoor Air Quality Onboard a RO–RO Ship Garage

Air quality control is necessary to improve the environmental condition in particular Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), which has a direct impact on a living organism. In marine application, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) made standards to determine the gas emission limits and specify the air circulation in IAQ in addition to employing in energy-efficient and energy management system which leads to reduce emission and enhance the environmental condition by efficient and economical way. Applying advanced energy management policies and control could be achieved by energy consumption. In this paper, an intelligent neuro-fuzzy controller has been designed to model and control carbon monoxide (CO) concentration for a real case study of a high-speed craft passenger ship with a vehicle garage onboard for a liner between Egypt and Saudi Arabia ports. The relation between emitted CO and the number of cars and their positions has been modelled using artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model has been built and validated based on real measurements of CO at different ventilation conditions of the case study. Different fuzzy controllers, fixed and adaptive, are designed to control CO during loading and unloading states. Scaling factors of fuzzy controller are adapted using two different ways namely Supervisor Fuzzy Controller (SFC) and Particle Swamp Optimization (PSO). Simulation results have analysed the proposed control system at different conditions. The obtained outcomes manifest the fact that the controller tends to work robustly and efficiently to maintain CO at the permissible allowed range.

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) fault detection

Diesel vehicles have caused serious environmental problems in China. Hence, the Chinese government has launched serious actions against air pollution and imposed more stringent regulations on diesel vehicle emissions in the latest China VI standard. To fulfill this stringent legislation, two major technical routes, including the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and high-efficiency selective catalytic reduction (SCR) routes, have been developed for diesel engines. Moreover, complicated aftertreatment technologies have also been developed, including use of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) for controlling carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, diesel particulate filter (DPF) for particle mass (PM) emission control, SCR for the control of NOx emission, and an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) for the control of unreacted NH3. Due to the stringent requirements of the China VI standard, the aftertreatment system needs to be more deeply integrated with the engine system. In the future, aftertreatment technologies will need further upgrades to fulfill the requirements of the near-zero emission target for diesel vehicles.

Numerical Simulations of a Turbulent High-Pressure Premixed Cooled Jet Flame With the Flamelet Generated Manifolds Technique

In the present paper, a computational analysis of a high pressure confined premixed turbulent methane/air jet flames with heat loss to the walls is presented. In this scope, chemistry is reduced by the use of the flamelet generated manifold (FGM) method and the fluid flow is modeled in an large eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) context. The reaction evolution is described by the reaction progress variable, the heat loss is described by the enthalpy and the turbulence effect on the reaction is represented by the progress variable variance. A generic lab scale burner for methane high-pressure (5 bar) high-velocity (40 m/s at the inlet) preheated jet is adopted for the simulations, because of its gas-turbine relevant conditions. The use of FGM as a combustion model shows that combustion features at gas turbine conditions can be satisfactorily reproduced with a reasonable computational effort. Furthermore, the present analysis indicates that the physical and chemical processes controlling carbon monoxide (CO) emissions can be captured only by means of unsteady simulations.