Contribution Of Personality Traits Research Articles

The impact of leadership preferences and personality traits on employees’ motivation

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to making workers more uncompromising with respect to issues such as quality of workplace relations and work-life balance. Hence, motivation and leadership style assume a key relevance for keeping the workforce engaged. We hypothesize that individuals may exhibit different preferences for motivational drivers and for leadership style, and that these two sets of preferences might be correlated with each other and with employees’ personality traits.Design/methodology/approachHere, we empirically investigate the relationship between leadership style and motivation, by also hypothesizing the possible contribution of personality traits. An online survey was developed and distributed to 150 employees or interns/trainees to collect measures related to their preference for leadership, their motivational drivers, as well as their personality traits. The data were analyzed by means of mediation and moderation analyses to disentangle the three-level relationship existing between these constructs.FindingsOur results suggest that indeed there exists a relationship between preferences for leadership style and motivational drivers. Furthermore, one of these relationships appears to be critically mediated by specific personality traits.Originality/valueThis work is the first, to our knowledge, empirically testing the existence of a three-level relationship between leadership preferences, motivation and personality traits of employees and to contribute to disentangle their reciprocal influences.

Vaccine Hesitancy and Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Misinformation in Japanese Youth: The Contribution of Personality Traits and National Identity.

During the pandemic, the Japanese government drew upon the cultural concept of jishuku, or personal self-constraint, requesting that individuals accept responsibility for their behaviors and consider minimizing the potential negative impact on others. While the jishuku approach to pandemic management rests upon the established and persuasive influence of cultural norms, variability in adherence can be expected according to age. This article documents an investigation into factors impacting vaccine hesitancy and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 misinformation among Japanese youth. The point of departure is the belief that attitudes and behaviors, such as those underpinning the jishuku approach to pandemic management, arise from within a relational framework. Therefore, developmental characteristics, such as personality traits, and in-group affinity attachments, such as facets of national identity, can be expected to function as predictors of health attitudes and behaviors. The tested structural model of hypothesized interactions accounted for 14% of the observed variance in vaccine hesitancy and 20% in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 misinformation. With the inclusion of gender, political ideology, and trust in government SARS-CoV-2 response as control variables, the respecified model increased the amount of variance observed in vaccine hesitancy to 30% and to 25% in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 misinformation. The outcomes are discussed in relation to the communication of coherent public health discourse relative to personality traits and facets of national identity.

On Effects of Personality Traits on Travelers’ Heterogeneous Preferences: Insights from a Case Study in Urumqi, China

Personality is a psychological concept which reflects people’s characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior. In this sense, it is straightforward to state that people’s behavior is fundamentally affected by their personalities. However, the concept of personality is rarely considered in most travel behavior studies. Given this fact, this paper aims to investigate the effect of personality traits on travelers’ heterogeneous preferences in the context of air itinerary choice. To this end, travelers’ stated choices for air itinerary and information reflecting travelers’ personality traits were collected. After defining specific personality traits based on the collected data, a hybrid choice model with interaction effects between travelers’ personality traits/socio-demographic characteristics and alternative-specific attributes were established and estimated and next the contributions of personality traits and socio-demographic characteristics to travelers’ choice behavior were compared and analyzed. The results confirmed the effects of personality traits on travelers’ heterogeneous preferences. However, the results also revealed that the magnitudes of such effects are not as great as the effects of socio-demographic characteristics.

The contribution of personality traits and social norms to the gender pay gap: A systematic literature review

AbstractThe gender pay gap is a persistent and pervasive problem. This study systematically reviews the literature on two determinants of the wage gap that have attracted attention more recently: the contribution of personality traits and social norms. Based on 39 studies identified, we discuss how personality traits and social norms are operationalized and how much of the gender wage gap they explain. We find that both are important in understanding the gap and that they are closely related, most notably, as preferences are reflections of personality traits and social norms. However, there is no clear consensus on the constructs, what they precisely capture and how to measure them. Thus, there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the results, with the contribution of personality traits and social norms to the pay gap ranging from a few to more than 20%. The literature is not conclusive on whether these factors rather explain the gap or are a source of discrimination. Key limitations of this literature emanate from concerns about the potential endogeneity of personality traits and social norms, and that studies have largely ignored that we can adapt our personality, preferences, and attitudes in adult life.

Coping With Adolescents Affected by Anorexia Nervosa: The Role of Parental Personality Traits

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) promotes psychological distress in caregivers who adopt different coping strategies. Dysfunctional caregiving styles exacerbate further distress in the patient promoting the maintenance of the illness. We aimed to assess the possible contribution of personality traits of caregivers to the adoption of different coping strategies to deal with the affected relative.MethodsAbout 87 adolescents with AN were recruited. Their parents completed the Family Coping Questionnaire for Eating Disorders (FCQ-EDs) and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R). Differences between mothers and fathers were assessed through the independent sample t-test. Multivariate regression analyses were run to assess if personality traits, the occurrence of psychiatry conditions in the parents, the marital status, and the duration of the illness predicted parental coping strategies.ResultsThe group of mothers showed higher levels of avoidance and seeking for information coping strategies than the sample of fathers. Lower illness duration predicted higher collusion with the illness in both parents. Harm avoidance, cooperativeness, and self-directedness positively predicted parental coercion, collusion, and seeking for information strategies with some differences between mothers and fathers.DiscussionIllness duration and personality traits of parents affect the type of parental coping strategies developed to face AN in adolescents. These variables should be considered in the assessment of families of adolescents with AN and may be addressed to promote more fine-tuned clinical interventions for caregivers.

Personality Traits, Identity style and Depression as predictors of smoking behavior among university students

Present work was aimed to find the contribution of personality traits, identity style and depression in predicting cigarette smoking. Data was collected from male students of universities located in Peshawar through Beck Depression Inventory – II (BDI – II), NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Identity Style Inventory, Revised (ISI3). A total of 300 male students were involved, out of which n=150 were smokers whereas n=150 were nonsmokers. Of the total n=150 smokers, 75 were hostelers 75 were day scholars and same as for non-smokers. The outcome indicated that those who smoked had high levels of neuroticism and they also scored high on the Beck Depression Inventory. The outcome further revealed that persons having diffused identity style had likelihood of being involved in smoking behavior. Further results exposed that the hostelers were more vulnerable to smoking behavior as compared to the day scholars.

784-P: Personality Traits as Predictors of Self-Management Behaviors and Glycemic Control in Taiwanese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Purpose: Because the individual differences influenced the execution of diabetes self-management, the present study explored the contribution of personality traits associated with the depressive mood, the self-management and the glycemic control among adults with diabetes. Method: We measured the Big Five personality traits and self-care behaviors of 440 outpatients (mean age = 61.6 years) with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. After 2-4 months (mean interval= 88.6 days) personality traits scale was administered, the depressive mood, self-care behaviors and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured. Results: The path analysis (Figure 1) revealed that conscientiousness predicted HbA1c via the mediation of taking medication and emotional stability predicted HbA1c via healthy eating. The extroverted patients were prone to do exercise regularly, but patients with lower emotional stability did exercise less through the contribution of depressive mood. And then, doing exercise indirectly (via BMI) predicted lower HbA1c. However, only emotional stability had the significant total effect (Bootstrapping Percentile 95% CI=-.029 ∼ -.006) on HbA1c. Conclusion: The present findings revealed that Big Five personality maybe predicted the glycemic control after 2-4 months via mediators. Evaluation of personality might be helpful in providing tailored patient education. Disclosure S. Yang: None. T. Lee: None. H. Hsu: None.

Reconciling Assertive Communication Skills With Undergraduate Nursing Education: Qualitative Perspectives From British and Saudi Newly-Graduated Nurses

PurposeAssertive communication skills are key to establishing and safe effective teamwork. Nursing education has long been recognized as important for providing the future workforce with high-calibre interpersonal skills, including assertive communication ones. Newly-graduated nurses are in a unique position to reflect on both their undergraduate nursing education and its contributions to their current communication practice. The aim of this research was to explore newly-graduated British and Saudi nurses’ views on the contributions of their undergraduate nursing education towards learning and practising assertive communication skills. MethodA total of 96 newly-graduated British and Saudi nurses completed a survey with qualitative, open-ended questions between 2015 and 2017. The nurses reflected on learning and practising assertive communication skills during their undergraduate nursing education, and in their current clinical role. The nurses’ qualitative responses were analysed using thematic analysis. ResultsThree major themes were identified from data analysis: “Drivers for speaking up”, “The pedagogical context of speaking up” and “Ways of building self-confidence”. DiscussionUndergraduate nursing education across both the UK and Saudi Arabia emphasizes the need to acquire the skills to communicate assertively in clinical settings. However, the nursing education received by the participants fails to address key operational skills which would help the nurses to translate such awareness into practice. Education and training must be matched by the elimination of implicit sanctions against speaking up in both educational and work settings. Future research needs to examine not only the operational skills that are necessary to challenge poor practice, but also the contributions of personality traits towards faster acquisition of assertiveness skills.

Contribution of Personality Traits, Psychological Factors, and Health-Related Quality of Life to Medication Adherence in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

PurposeThis study sought to investigate the associations between personality traits and medication adherence and to identify predictors of good medication adherence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 207 RA patients using disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were invited for an interview and questionnaire study. Medication adherence was measured using the Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology (CQR). Personality traits were analyzed with the five-factor model of the Korean version of the Big Five Inventory 10. Psychological factors were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and British Columbia Cognitive Inventory. Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and functional disability were evaluated with the EuroQoL-5 dimension questionnaire and Health Assessment Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate predictors of good medication adherence.ResultsNonadherence to medication was reported by 66.7%. The number of daily prescribed pills was higher in the medication adherence group than in the nonadherence group. Concomitant oral glucocorticoid doses were associated with medication adherence. A high level of conscientiousness and diabetes mellitus comorbidity were associated with better medication adherence [odds ratio (OR), 2.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–4.38 and OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.12–8.07, respectively]. There were no significant differences in psychological factors or HRQoL between medication adherence and nonadherence groups.ConclusionThe personality trait of conscientiousness was associated with medication adherence among the five personality traits evaluated. Patients with diabetes mellitus also showed higher medication adherence than those without this comorbidity.

The Contributions of Personality Traits and Emotional Intelligence to Intrapreneurial Self-Capital: Key Resources for Sustainability and Sustainable Development

In the innovative research area of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, Intrapreneurial Self-Capital (ISC) constitutes a promising core of resources to face the challenges of the 21st century. This article presents two studies supporting the contribution of trait emotional intelligence to ISC beyond that explained by the three most quoted personality trait models. The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Scale (ISCS), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF), Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), Mini International Personality Item Pool Scale (Mini-IPIP), HEXACO-60, and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Form (EPQ-RS) were administered to 210 first and second year university students (Study 1) and 206 university students in the last three years of undergraduate university studies (Study 2). Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that Emotional Intelligence (EI) explained additional variance in ISC beyond that accounted for each of the three personality trait models for both samples. These results should encourage future research within a positive primary prevention perspective in the framework of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development.

THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS AS PREDICTORS OF MAJOR LIFE GOALS

The aim of this research was to investigate relations between major life goals and the Big Five personality traits. A total of 599 participants in the 16-72 age range completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the Life Goal Questionnaire, which was designed for the purposes of this research. The principal component analysis showed the following seven life goal dimensions: Well-Being, Family Relations, Autonomy, Career, Relationships, Friendship, and Education. Psychometric and descriptive characteristics of each component were examined. Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated a statistically significant, yet relatively small contribution of personality traits to prediction of major life goals, above and beyond the variance explained by the demographic predictor variables. The results were interpreted in terms of the findings of previous research, as well as considering the role of major life goals as characteristic adaptations within the Big Five model.

The Contribution of Personality Traits, Motivation, Academic Risk-Taking and Metacognition to the Creative Ability in Mathematics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which personality traits, motivation, academic risk-taking, and metacognition explain the mathematical creative ability of high school students. The participants were 217 9th-grade students that were exceptionally high achievers. The participants responded to a set of measures about personality traits, motivation, academic risk-taking, metacognition, and creative ability in mathematics. The results revealed that although openness to experience and consciousness were significantly correlated with creative ability in mathematics, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism were not correlated with the creativity scores. Moreover, intrinsic goal orientation followed by openness to experience was the most significant predictor of mathematical creative ability. Academic risk-taking was not significantly correlated with creative ability. Although knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition showed moderate correlations with creative ability in mathematics, they failed to predict creative ability.

When cognition turns vicious: Heuristics and biases in light of virtue epistemology

In this paper, we explore the literature on cognitive heuristics and biases in light of virtue epistemology, specifically highlighting the two major positions—agent-reliabilism and agent-responsibilism (or neo-Aristotelianism)—as they apply to dual systems theories of cognition and the role of motivation in biases. We investigate under which conditions heuristics and biases might be characterized as vicious and conclude that a certain kind of intellectual arrogance can be attributed to an inappropriate reliance on Type 1, or the improper function of Type 2, cognitive processes. By the same token, the proper intervention of Type 2 processes results in the virtuous functioning of our cognitive systems (agent-reliabilism). Moreover, the role of motivation in attenuating cognitive biases and the cultivation of certain epistemic habits (a search for accuracy, being accountable for one's judgments, the use of rules of analysis, and exposure to differing perspectives) points to the tenets of agent-responsibilism in epistemic virtue. We identify the proper use of Type 2 cognitive processes and the habits of mind that attenuate biases as demonstrations of the virtue of intellectual humility. We briefly explore the nature of these habits and the contribution of personality traits, situational pressures, and training in their cultivation.

Gambling and Personality Dimensions

Gambling dates back to ancient times, yet new arenas for gambling, such as the Internet, and methods of assessing psychiatric illness in the modern age have shifted our understanding of gambling as an addiction. Accordingly, Gambling Disorder is now a part of the Addictive Disorders in the DSM-5, which has further catalyzed a debate over the contribution of personality traits (rather than just personality disorders) to the manifestation and maintenance of psychiatric conditions such as Gambling Disorder. This selective review considers relationships between gambling and personality traits. The possible existence of distinct subtypes of Gambling Disorder, defined via personality traits, is highlighted, along with consideration of whether objective neurocognitive markers could serve as proxy markers of ‘personality’ more amenable to scientific dissection rather than relying on questionnaire-based measures alone. The clinical utility of subtyping and future areas of research are discussed.

The determinants of scholastic achievement: The contribution of personality traits, self-esteem, and academic self-efficacy

The contribution to academic achievement of personality traits, self-esteem, and self-efficacy beliefs has been examined in high school. SEM analysis showed that conscientiousness, openness, and self-esteem were positively inter-related, with both traits and self-esteem increasing students' perceived academic self-efficacy, which in turn mediated the effect of conscientiousness and self-esteem on senior high school grades. These relationships held controlling for gender, parents' education, and previous scholastic achievement.Educators should be aware of students' personality antecedents in order to improve their students' beliefs about their capabilities to master different areas of coursework and to regulating their motivation and learning activities.

Military Identity as Predictor of Perceived Military Competence and Skills

Recent radical changes in the application of military power and service patterns have triggered demands for a change in military identity. This article aimed to examine the ability of military identity to predict perceived military performance and attitudes beyond the contributions of personality traits and Hardiness in Norwegian military academy cadets ( N = 117). Military skills, general military competence, and organizational commitment were measured by self-report. Military Identity, in particular operational identity, was found to predict both perceived military competence and skills. Furthermore, Individualism negatively predicted organizational commitment. As the first investigation of the unique influence of Military Identity on perceived skills and competence in the Norwegian armed forces, this study identifies operational identity as an important predictor of military performance. Implications for training as well as leadership development programs are discussed.

Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease Caregivers: The Contribution of Personality Traits

Parkinson's disease imposes significant demands not only on patients but also on those people living and caring for them, who often have a reduction in their quality of life. The factors that may ameliorate these effects, such as an individual's personality, are not understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to look at the relative contribution of caregiver personality on their quality of life, specifically attempting to identify those traits, which may be protective or harmful. Two hundred and seventy-four caregivers of patients with Parkinson's disease were included in this study. Caregivers were given questionnaires to complete, including the Big Five Inventory and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life BREF version. Univariate correlations demonstrated that depression and anxiety were the largest predictors of reduced quality of life amongst caregivers. However, after controlling for these potential confounds, conscientiousness was associated with enhanced psychological quality of life and openness positively predicted benefits in the environmental domain. Neuroticism was associated with reduced quality of life in the psychological domain. Thus, screening for neuroticism may help identify those caregivers who would benefit from intervention strategies, which could in the long term help reduce the need for nursing home placement of Parkinson's disease patients.

The contribution of personality traits and self-efficacy beliefs to academic achievement: A longitudinal study

BACKGROUND. The personal determinants of academic achievement and success have captured the attention of many scholars for the last decades. Among other factors, personality traits and self-efficacy beliefs have proved to be important predictors of academic achievement. AIMS. The present study examines the unique contribution and the pathways through which traits (i.e., openness and conscientiousness) and academic self-efficacy beliefs are conducive to academic achievement at the end of junior and senior high school. SAMPLE. Participants were 412 Italian students, 196 boys and 216 girls, ranging in age from 13 to 19 years. METHODS. The hypothesized relations among the variables were tested within the framework of structural equation model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS. Openness and academic self-efficacy at the age of 13 contributed to junior high-school grades, after controlling for socio-economic status (SES). Junior high-school grades contribute to academic self-efficacy beliefs at the age of 16, which in turn contributed to high-school grades, over and above the effects of SES and prior academic achievement. In accordance with the posited hypothesis, academic self-efficacy beliefs partially mediated the contribution of traits to later academic achievement. In particular, conscientiousness at the age of 13 affected high-school grades indirectly, through its effect on academic self-efficacy beliefs at the age of 16. These findings have broad implications for interventions aimed to enhance children's academic pursuits. Whereas personality traits represent stable individual characteristics that mostly derive from individual genetic endowment, social cognitive theory provides guidelines for enhancing students' efficacy to regulate their learning activities.

Smoking in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Interaction between 15q13 nicotinic genes and Temperament Character Inventory scores

Adults with ADHD smoke cigarettes at a higher rate than normal subjects. Nicotine has been shown to significantly improve clinical ADHD symptoms as measured by the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) as well as by measures of attention, vigour and arousal in ADHD subjects. In this study we hypothesized that the allele 113bp in D15S1360 marker at CHRNA7 and the 2 bp deletion allele at CHRFAM7A are associated with increased smoking in a sample of 90 DSM-IV patients affected by Adult ADHD. Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores were included as covariates in the analysis to distinguish the contribution of personality traits from the contribution of the nicotinic genes under investigation. Smoking status was determined from the medical history questionnaire, and there were 35 current smokers and 55 non-smokers. Single marker associations and the CHRNA7–CHRFAM7A interaction were calculated by logistic regression, considering the 113 bp and the −2 bp deletion in a dominant model. No association of these genes with smoking was observed. Similarly, no significant interaction between the genes was observed in the logistic model. However, Persistence score of the TCI was significantly associated with smoking status. Further investigation on the hypothesis of the molecular interaction between CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A genes is warranted.

Smoking in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Interaction between 15q13 nicotinic genes and Temperament Character Inventory scores

Adults with ADHD smoke cigarettes at a higher rate than normal subjects. Nicotine has been shown to significantly improve clinical ADHD symptoms as measured by the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) as well as by measures of attention, vigour and arousal in ADHD subjects. In this study we hypothesized that the allele 113bp in D15S1360 marker at CHRNA7 and the 2 bp deletion allele at CHRFAM7A are associated with increased smoking in a sample of 90 DSM-IV patients affected by Adult ADHD. Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores were included as covariates in the analysis to distinguish the contribution of personality traits from the contribution of the nicotinic genes under investigation. Smoking status was determined from the medical history questionnaire, and there were 35 current smokers and 55 non-smokers. Single marker associations and the CHRNA7-CHRFAM7A interaction were calculated by logistic regression, considering the 113 bp and the -2 bp deletion in a dominant model. No association of these genes with smoking was observed. Similarly, no significant interaction between the genes was observed in the logistic model. However, Persistence score of the TCI was significantly associated with smoking status. Further investigation on the hypothesis of the molecular interaction between CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A genes is warranted.