Contribution Of Various Groups Research Articles

Malting-A method for modifying volatile composition of black, brown and green lentil seeds.

Technique of malting legume seeds is not currently widespread among scientists as well as industrial maltsters. However, this method of seed modification is successfully used by humankind for millennia to improve technological parameters, as well as change taste and aroma of various food products. Three lentil cultivars (black, brown and green) were malted (steeped, germinated for three various time periods and then kilned) to produce nine lentil malts. Malting had significant influence on the volatile composition of lentil seeds. Total concentration of volatiles in the green lentils increased and decreased in the case of black and brown lentils after malting procedure. However, most importantly, in every lentil cultivar the contribution of various groups of compounds (such as aldehydes, alcohols, terpenes or ketones) to the overall volatilome was changed due to the malting procedure.

Assessment of T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinated subjects, using TigraTest<sup>®</sup> SARS-CoV-2 ELISPOT kit

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of molecular-based tests have been developed to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, numerous available serological tests lack sufficient sensitivity or specificity. They do not detect specific antibodies in a significant proportion of patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19. There is evidence that some convalescents have a relatively short-lived humoral immunity. In contrast, a number of publications have shown that T-cell response to human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, can be strong and long-term. Assessment of T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is important not only for stratification of risks and identification of potentially protected populations with immunity acquired as a result of previous infection, but also for determining immunogenicity and potential efficacy of vaccines under development. The existing methods of quantitative or semi-quantitative assessment of specific T-cell response are mainly used in scientific research and are not standardised. The aim of the study was to develop and verify experimentally a test kit to be used in a standardised procedure for in vitro determination of T-cells specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, in human peripheral blood. Materials and methods: the TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2 kit developed by GENERIUM, which determines the number of T-cells secreting interferon gamma in vitro, was tested in the study. Samples of venous blood of volunteers from three different groups were analysed in the study: presumably healthy volunteers; COVID-19 convalescents; individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Results: the authors developed the TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2 kit for in vitro determination of T-cells specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens in human peripheral blood, demonstrated its specificity and performed preliminary assessment of its sensitivity. The study analysed the range and magnitude of the T-cell response in convalescent and vaccinated individuals. A pronounced T-cell response was also shown in some individuals with no symptoms or with unconfirmed diagnosis. It was discovered that the mean T-cell response to peptides of the spike protein (S-protein) was higher in the vaccinated individuals than in the convalescent patients. A correlation was determined between the severity of the disease and the level of T-cell response. Specific contributions of various groups of antigens to the T-cell response after COVID-19 infection were also determined. Conclusions: the TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2 kit is a specific and sensitive tool for the assessment of T-cell immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which can also be used for vaccinated individuals. The kit may be used in clinical practice for comprehensive assessment of immunity to SARS-CoV-2.

Brave enough to fight? Masculinity, migration and the Irish revolution

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the nationalist side in revolutionary Ireland (1912–23), examining concepts of bravery, heroic masculinity, fighting for principles and country, all of which have important impacts on understandings of masculinities during the time period (and indeed before and beyond it). Contemporary nationalist rhetoric emphasised the need to rally all men for an armed struggle: such language paid no heed to the economic realities of many families in Ireland that still needed adult children to migrate. Historians of this period have done much to uncover the contributions of various groups, but they have rarely examined the gendered ideologies surrounding men in this period, nor have they taken on board the insights from international histories of violence, war and revolution that have interrogated militaristic forms of masculinity in other countries.

Definitions of information technology project success

Researchers, Information Technology project’s managers and other stakeholders of projects have found many approaches to assess the success of IT projects. As a result, there are currently many defi- nitions of successful Information Technology projects such as traditional definitions, definitions which relate to views of customers or other stakeholders of the projects, value co-creation view definitions. However there is still no official definition which is widely accepted. In this paper, all these impor- tant and classical definitions of IT project success will be discussed and preconditions and research questions of successful IT project are also given as assessing foundations of successful projects. From all these discussions and foundations, suitable definitions of specific IT projects can be formed with contributions of various groups which involved with the IT projects.

Study to explore host-guest inclusion complexes of cyclodextrins with biologically active molecules in aqueous environment

Molecular inclusion of two natural amino acids, viz., L-asparagine and L-aspartic acid as guest into the host cavity of α and β-cylodextrins in aqueous solution have been studied which have various applications in the field of present bio-medical science for controlled delivery of necessary amount of the guest at the targeted site for a period of time efficiently and precisely. Surface tension and conductivity studies establish the formation of inclusion complexes with 1:1 stoichiometry. The inclusion complexes have been characterized by various thermodynamic factors basing upon density and viscosity studies. Contributions of various groups of the guest amino acid molecules toward the limiting apparent molar volume and viscosity B-coefficient have been calculated, as well as the solvation and hydration numbers are determined to support the inclusion phenomenon. Formations of the inclusion complexes have been explained with the help of hydrophobic effect, H-bonding, electrostatic forces and structural effects.

Variation Characteristics of Inorganic Phosphorus in Purple Soil Profile Under Different Conservation Tillage Treatments

In this study the effects of tillage methods (rice-winter paddy field conventional farming, CF; rice-winter paddy field combing ridge with no-tillage, RNT1; rice-wheat or rape combing ridge with no-tillage, RNT2; rice-wheat or rape conventional paddy-upland rotation tillage, CR) on purple soil profile of different forms of inorganic phosphorus distribution characteristics were investigated in a long-term experimental site established in 1990, Chongqing City, China. The results showed that compared to the status before the experiment, the total phosphorus, available phosphorus and various morphologies of inorganic phosphorus all increased to a certain degree in the soils with different long-term tillage treatments,and the contents of different forms of inorganic phosphorus in soil size ranked as RNT2> CF> CR> RNT1. Except that the contents of Fe-P in the lower layer were higher than those in the upper layer, contents of Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al-P, Ca10-P and O-P in the arable layers were all higher than those in the lower layers. The effects of farming practices on the availability of various phosphorus forms were significant. They were in the order of CR> RNT> CF. Long-term conventional paddy-upland rotation tillage was more advantageous to crops in the absorption of phosphorus. It was shown by relevant analysis that the contribution of various groups of inorganic phosphorus to purple soil was in the order of Ca2-P(0.9369)> Al-P(0.9158)> Ca8-P(0.9012)> Fe-P(0.8287)> Ca10-P(0.8059)> O-P(0.7472).

The contribution of CEPEDOC to the development of the Brazilian Health Promotion Policy.

Resumo A Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (PNPS), institucionalizada no Sistema Único de Saúde em 2006, e revista em 2014, contou com a contribuição de vários núcleos existentes no país, entre eles o Centro de Estudos, Pesquisa e Documentação em Promoção da Saúde e Cidades Saudáveis (CEPEDOC), uma Organização não Governamental ligada à Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, hoje Centro Colaborador da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Esta colaboração iniciou-se antes da Política ser institucionalizada: houve participação na criação de subsídios teóricos e práticos que justificassem a sua existência e participação na mobilização e advocacia para sua criação. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar a participação independente do CEPEDOC, como uma ONG, na aplicação e revisão das teorias e princípios da Promoção da Saúde através projetos realizados, das produções científicas resultantes e dos relatos da participação em mobilizações que contribuíram para efetivação da PNPS como política e prática importante para a produção social da saúde com equidade.

Computational investigations into the substituent effects of –N3, –NF2, –NO2, and –NH2 on the structure, sensitivity and detonation properties of N, N′-azobis(1, 2, 4-triazole)

A series of derivatives of N, N'-azobis(1,2,4-triazole) substituted by -N₃, -NF₂, -NO₂, and -NH₂ groups was studied using the density functional theory method. To reveal the orbital interactions clearly and interpret the stability of the title compounds, natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis was carried out. Strong p-π and π-π conjugation interactions exist in molecules. Substituent effects on the geometrical and electronic structures, aromaticity of the triazole ring, electronic sensitivity, impact sensitivity, thermal stability, density, solid state heat of formation [ΔH(f)(s)], detonation velocity (D), detonation pressure (P), and specific impulse (I(s)) were investigated. Substituent groups have significant and differing effects on performance. -N₃, -NF₂, and -NO₂ groups are very helpful for enhancing D and P, but the case is different for the -NH₂ group. The order of the contribution of various groups to P and D is -NF₂> -NO₂ > -N₃ > -NH₂. -NF₂ brings the highest D and P, but the lowest I(s). -NO₂ results in the secondary highest D and P and the best electronic stability.-N₃ gives relatively low D, P and stability, but the highest ΔH(f)(s) and I(s). -NH₂ leads to the lowest D and P, while giving the best impact and thermal stabilities. Therefore, it is necessary to consider various aspects comprehensively according to the practical requirements for each compound designed. Taking both detonation performance and sensitivity into consideration, introducing -NH₂ and -N₃ into N, N'-azobis(1, 2, 4-triazole) may be a good choice for designing high-energy density materials.

A proposal to use excess Gibbs energy rather than HLB number as an indicator of the hydrophilic–liphophilic behavior of surfactants

The HLB (hydrophilic–lipophilic balance) number has been widely used in quantifying the behavior of polar molecules in emulsions. It has also been used in attempting to explain the behavior of surfactants in flotation systems. The origin of the HLB concept lies in defining the behavior of molecules in terms of the contributions of various groups in their molecular structure. This paper proposes that modern thermodynamics provides a much more robust method of defining such behavior through the concept of excess Gibbs free energy which in turn is obtained from the activity coefficients of such molecules. It not only presents a more fundamental basis for the calculation but also there exists a vast number of species for which the key parameters are known or are currently being determined through global initiatives.

THE NUMBER OF LIFE YEARS LOST (DALYS) DUE TO PREMATURE MORTALITY IN THE POPULATION OF TOMSK REGION IN 2012

To calculate the index of years of life lost population due to premature death in the Tomsk region in 2012, and the contribution of various groups of diseases in the total indicator DALY among males and females. In the calculation of DALY used the number and the gender and age structure of the population of Tomsk region by 01.01.2012, according to Rosstat. To conduct the calculation of DALY used the methodology presented by the world Bank in the report "Investing in health" in 1993 According to the methodology, the DALY is the number of years of life of the population, lived with disability or other health problems, and lost due to premature death. The total loss of DALYs in the Tomsk region by the end of 2012 amounted 112,3, per 1000 population (11.6 +/- 8.9). In the structure of DALYs by cause of death 1st place is occupied by diseases of the circulatory system, 2nd injury and poisoning, 3rd neoplasms. The indicator DALY in the Tomsk region are significantly lower than the Russian Federation as a whole (according to S.A. Leonov--1.25 times, according to G. Yang--2 times). The relatively low level of DALYs in the Tomsk region is associated with favourable compared with other regions of the age structure (younger populations). It should also be noted that more than 70% of population live in urban areas, where, as is known, the availability of medical care are higher than in rural.

Theoretical investigations on structure, density, detonation properties, and sensitivity of the derivatives of PYX

The -NH(2), -NO(2), -N(3), -NHNO(2), and -ONO(2) substitution derivatives of PYX (2,6-bis(picrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine) were studied at the B3LYP/6-31G** level of density functional theory. The sublimation enthalpies and heats of formation (HOFs) in gas phase and solid state of these compounds were calculated. The theoretical predicted density (ρ), detonation pressure (P), and detonation velocity (D) showed that these derivatives have better detonation performance than PYX. The effects of substituent groups on HOF, ρ, P, and D were discussed. The order of contribution of various groups to P and D was -ONO(2) > -NO(2) > -NHNO(2) > -N(3) > -NH(2). Sensitivity was evaluated using the frontier orbital energies, bond orders, bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs), and characteristic heights (h(50)). The trigger bonds in the pyrolysis process for these PYX derivatives may be Ring-NO(2), NH-NO(2), or O-NO(2) varying with the substituents. The h(50) of most compounds are larger than that of CL-20, and those of -NH(2), -NO(2), and most -ONO(2) derivatives are larger than that of RDX. The BDEs of the trigger bonds of all but the -ONO(2) derivatives are sufficiently large. Taking both detonation performance and sensitivity into consideration, some derivatives of PYX may be good candidates of explosives.

Multi-receptor drug design: Haloperidol as a scaffold for the design and synthesis of atypical antipsychotic agents

Using haloperidol as a scaffold, new agents were designed to investigate the structural contributions of various groups to binding at CNS receptors associated with atypical antipsychotic pharmacology. It is clear that each pharmacophoric group, the butyrophenone, the piperidine and the 4-chlorophenyl moieties contributes to changes in binding to the receptors of interest. This strategy has resulted in the identification of several new agents, compounds 16, 18, 19, 23, 24 and 25, with binding profiles which satisfy our stated criteria for agents to act as potential atypical antipsychotics. This research demonstrates that haloperidol can serve as a useful lead in the identification and design of new agents that target multiple receptors associated with antipsychotic pharmacology.

Four decades of nuclear tracks research in India

The science of solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs)—“Trackology”—developed by R.L. Fleischer, P.B. Price and R.M. Walker in the early 1960s of the last century is an interesting and potentially useful concept with something to offer to almost all branches of science and technology. In fact nuclear tracks find applications wherever solid state damage occurs. Apart from the direct applications of far reaching consequences in nuclear physics, other areas as diverse as bio-medical sciences, cosmic rays and space physics, environmental research, geological sciences, material science, microanalysis, mine safety, nuclear technology, uranium prospecting, etc. have been greatly influenced by SSNTDs. In this presentation, we attempt to provide an overview of the growth of nuclear tracks research in India over the last four decades and the contributions of various groups from Universities, Institutes, Nuclear Track Society of India and the Department of Atomic Energy in nurturing nuclear track research in the country. Finally, a summary of the significant contributions made by Indian scientists is also presented in this paper along with the overall impact it has made at the national and international level in many areas of basic and applied sciences such as cosmic rays and space physics, fusion–fission and particle evaporation, heavy ion ranges and energy-loss measurements, country-wide indoor radon–thoron survey, geochronology, environmental sciences, track-etch membranes and ion tracks technology, material science, physics and chemistry of fission, etc.

Chiral Bicyclic Phosphoramidites—A New Class of Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis

In the Full Paper by H. Waldmann et al. in Chemistry—A European Journal 2001, 7, 671–675 (Issue 3), the authors unintentionally failed to provide reference to the work of A. Alexakis et al. (A. Alexakis, J. Frutos, P. Mangeney, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2427–2430), which provides the first report on enantioselective Cu-catalyzed 1,4-addition with diethylzinc. Note added in proof: For a comprehensive and up-to-date review on the contributions of various groups to the field of catalytic enantioselective Michael additions, see: N. Krause, A. Hoffmann-Röder, Synthesis 2001, 171–196.

Approximate estimation of the correlation coefficient

Methodology for calculational-experimental estimation of the correlation coefficient between random variables based on the information about the contribution of various groups of random factors in their variance is proposed. An analytic expression of an approximate estimate of the correlation coefficient is obtained.

Group additivity thermodynamics for dissolution of solid cyclic dipeptides into water

The thermodynamics of dissolution of a set of cyclic dipeptide solids into water has been studied in order to establish the energetic contributions of various groups which determine protein folding. The techniques are described and the results are interpreted in terms of a group additivity scheme. It is shown that this kind of group additivity leads to linear correlations (either entropy change or enthalpy change with heat capacity change) which have been observed for protein denaturation and the dissolution of apolar compounds [1].

Impact of organic manures or supplementary diet on plankton production and growth and fecundity of an indian major carp, Cirrhina mrigala (Ham.), in fish ponds

The paper deals with the qualitative and quantitative analyses of phytoplankton and zooplankton and growth and fecundity of Cirrhina mrigala (Ham.) in ponds receiving cow dung and poultry droppings alone and in combination at 20 000kg ha −1 year −1, or supplementary diets composed of rice bran and groundnut oil cake (at 2% of the fish body weight). Both phytoplankton and zooplankton and growth rate of fish were significantly higher in ponds receiving poultry droppings alone and in combination with cow dung. However, cow dung alone failed to increase the pond productivity and hence the growth of fish. The contribution of various groups to the plankton population also differed with respect to the manures. Absolute fecundity and fecundity per g ovary weight was greatest in fish reared in ponds treated with poultry droppings alone.

Calculation of the atomic partition functions of Bi(I), Bi(II) and Bi(III)

The atomic partition functions of Bi(I), Bi(II) and Bi(III) have been calculated for different values of the reduction of the ionization energy δEi (0.05–2.0 eV) in the temperature range between 2000 and 20 000 K. All parent levels that can be realized under the given physical conditions were considered. For Bi(I) as an example the total partition function was broken down into the separate contributions of various groups of levels and the results for different temperatures and Δei values are brought out and discussed.

Studies on the extent of dietary fiber intake in West Germany.

By means of food diaries the volume of the average daily crude fiber and dietary fiber consumption and the percentage contribution of various groups of plant foods to the total dietary fiber consumption was determined in a group of 150 healthy subjects (89 males and 61 females) from four different occupational groups. It thus became apparent that the mean daily dietary fiber consumption was 22.0 +/- 5.5 g in the artisians and workers of a large industrial plant (group I), 24.8 +/- 8.4 g in students (group II), 21.7 +/- 5.5 g in teachers (group III), and 17.6 +/- 7.7 g in administrative employees (group IV). In groups I-III the mean daily dietary fiber consumption was significantly higher than in group IV. In 17% of the subjects, the mean daily dietary fiber consumption was < 15 g. The mean dietary fiber intake per 1,000 kcal (4.18 MJ) in groups II and III, 8.5 +/- 1.5 and 8.8 +/- 2.2 g, respectively, was significantly higher than in group I with a mean fiber intake of 7.2 +/- 1.4 g.

Solid—solid phase transitions determination by differential scanning calorimetry: Part II. Octahedral substances

Abstract Although the plastic crystal phenomenon has been observed by others in such tetrahedral substances as neopentane, pentaerythrityl fluoride, tertiary butyl halides, and pentaerythritol, we have found that with few exceptions the property can be observed in compounds CR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 , where R's are methyl, methylol, amino, and carboxy. Larger groups, such as ethyl, bromomethyl, iodomethyl, carboxymethyl, etc . inhibit the solid—solid transition. New enthalpy of transition data are presented for 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethylpropionic acid, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid. In all of these substances, the entropy of fusion is approximately equal to the communal entropy. Transition entropies, however, reflect new reorientation possibilities, often considered a property of the liquid state, but which have been demonstrated by others with the use of n.m.r. and dielectric studies to also be a property of the mesocrystalline phase. Because of the many reorientation possibilities in these substances, transition entropies may be very high, and on the basis of these data and data in the literature the following order of the contribution of various groups can be established: Owing to the low enthalpies of fusion, traces of impurities can often significantly lower and broaden the fusion temperature, but the transition temperatures are less affected, are often very sharp, and more readily characterized the substance.