Contribution Of Non-timber Forest Products Research Articles

Conflicts Between Policy and Local People in Valuing Non-timber Forest Products: Perspectives from Nepal

The paper presents an historical account of policy in Nepal regarding non-timber forest product management, and then analyzes the policy in terms of national and local perspectives on the values of these products. It is demonstrated that the conflict between policy-makers and local people has resulted in degradation of forest resources, particularly non-timber forest products. Based upon casestudies, it is shown that although the valuation gap is narrowing with the implementation of participatory forestry, local perspectives have not been adequately accommodated by state policies. Finally, it is suggested that policy guidelines be based upon local perspectives in order to realize the potential contribution of non-timber forest products to sustainable forest management and thenational economy.

Baobab trees population and economic contribution: Stems density, asset value and fruits value chains in Kilolo and Iringa Urban districts, Tanzania

The contribution of non-timber forest products to the economy is ignored and often undervalued due to their subsistence nature. The study focused on baobab trees aiming to understand the baobab population, its asset value across various land uses, and the contribution of baobab fruits to the economy. Kilolo District and Iringa Urban District were purposively selected due to the availability of baobab trees and activities involving baobab fruit businesses in the districts. A stratified random sampling was done to select four land uses, in particular, settlement land, farmland, grazing land, and village forest reserve land for a biophysical survey. Besides, a socio-economic survey was conducted employing key informants’ interviews, market and household surveys to collect data for the assessment of baobab fruit value chains. A total of 91 respondents were interviewed, specifically, 44 harvesters, 1 village wholesaler, 2 middlemen, 2 village retailers, 6 processors 22 urban retailers, and 13 baobab fruits consumers. The study observed 5.27±0.39 stems/ha of baobab trees in grazing land, farmland (3.88±0.73stem/ha), village forest reserve land (2.68±0.17stem/land), and settlement land (2.27±0.31 stem/ha). Also, the total biological asset value of baobab trees was highest in farmland (29.87±9.04 USD/ha) and lowest in settlement land (12.36±2.82 USD/ha). Total chain value added was highest for the baobab fruits value chain involving village wholesalers (1.17 USD/Kg) and lowest for the baobab fruits value chain involving village retailers (0.27 USD/Kg) because of limited value-adding activities in the latter chain. Limited access to market information, low prices, poor storage facilities, lack of capital, poor processing facilities, and seasonal availability of baobab fruits were challenges facing baobab fruits value chain actors. The study concludes that the population of baobab trees differs between land uses implying the potential threats to its existence, and the need for desirable strategies for its conservation and management. So far, baobab is only harvested from self-growing trees, so the study proposes domestication and commercialization of the tree species to raise communities' contribution to the economy.

Environmental Policy Influencing the Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products to Rural Livelihoods: Case Studies from Himachal Pradesh, India.

Lack of comprehension of the complexity of the elements that determine the contribution of NTFPs to local lives frequently hinders discussions about the role of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in efforts to balance the aims of forest conservation and rural development. The districts of Kangra, Sirmour, and Mandi in Himachal Pradesh State in India are three case studies where NTFPs are significant, and this study highlights that the effect of environmental policies, socio-cultural background, and economic status of the people on the extraction of the NTFPs. The study also demonstrates the importance of paying close attention to the socio-cultural diversity of resource users, as well as the value chain structure, and access to and control over resources, all of which have an impact on the chances for locals to profit from NTFP extraction. The rural livelihoods still rely upon the fuelwood and fodder from forests and there is a lack of knowledge and education to understand the policies and schemes related to forests and NTFPs.

NILAI EKONOMI DAN KONTRIBUSI HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU TERHADAP PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT (STUDI KASUS PADA DESA HALABAN KECAMATAN LAREH SAGO HALABAN, KABUPATEN 50 KOTA, SUMATERA BARAT)

Community needs are increasing day by day. Utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) has started to become one of the focuses of community development. If the local community understands the economic value and contribution of NTFP utilization, then the Halaban Village community will have the best potential and utilization of NTFPs. Remember the importance of forest resources for community income, then necessary to do a study related to the economic value and contribution of NTFPs. The purposes of research are to : (1) Calculate the economic value of non-timber forest products used by the Halaban village community, Lareh Sago Halaban District, 50 Cities Regency. (2) Analyze how the contribution of non-timber forest products to the income of the community in Halaban Village, Lareh Sago Halaban District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The data collection methods used in this research were observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentation. The results showed that the types of NTFPs that contributed to the Halaban village were rubber, cardamom, cinnamon, gambier, and areca nut. The total economic value of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) used by the Halaban Village community is Rp. 4,591,137,979,-/year. The total income obtained by the people of Halaban Village is Rp.7.304.337.979,-/year. The total economic value of NTFPs utilized by the community was Rp.7.304.337.979,-/year. NTFPs contribute 63% to community income.

Economic Contributions of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) among Rural Dwellers in Ethiope East and Ukwuani Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria

Non Timber Forest Products have always served as life support for many rural dwellers, especially those who live within and around the forests; this study was carried out to determine the economic contributions of NTFPs to the livelihood of rural dwellers in Ethiope East and Ukwuani Local Government Areas of Delta State. Multi-stage random techniques was applied in the selection of 100 respondents. Data were obtained via well-structured questionnaires. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin and benefit cost ratio. Findings revealed that there was presence, bountiful abundance of NTFPs and male dominated the collection of the NTFPs in the study area. The modal age range of the respondents was between 20-30 years. This study indicated that most of the respondents got non-timber forest products from the market and most of the respondents’ collected/exploited non-timber forest products for household use and as income generation. Similarly, the research showed that majority of NTFPs exploited/collected were sold in bundles in the area under study. Also the study showed that NTFPs exploitation among rural household was a profitable agribusiness, Market price of other products was identified to be the major constraints to NTFPs.

Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Ghana: The Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products towards Economic Development in the Eastern Region

Globally, non-timber forest products (NTFPs) continue to contribute vastly to addressing the food, poverty reduction, income, and livelihood requirements of people in rural areas. However, as of now, there are no specific existing data highlighting the periodic contributions of NTFPs to the economy of the eastern region and the country. In Ghana, insufficient attention has been paid to the legislative and regulatory environments for the creation of NTFPs. Since forest policies continue to classify NTFPs as “minor” forest products, they receive less attention than wood in forest management initiatives and policies. The absence of a definitive policy on NTFPs has hampered their promotion, commercialization, and supply chain management. This study analyses the contribution of NTFPs towards economic development in the eastern region and the achievement of SDGs in Ghana. Through focus group discussions and a thematic analysis, it was concluded that NTFPs contribute immensely towards the economic development of the eastern region and the country through employment and direct taxes. Ultimately, it is evident from the study that the destruction of the Atiwa Forest Reserve for the purpose of bauxite mining will widely hinder the country’s achievement of its SDGs. Additionally, the study found that residents will continue to exploit forest resources if the core concerns of institutional deficiencies and rural poverty are not addressed. To curb this situation, there should be the sustainable, regulated, and authorized harvesting of NTFPs/NWFPs, community/user empowerment, and sectoral education and training programmes, etc. Even though these are common solutions, the study found them extremely rare within the study area.

Diversity and role of woody non-timber forest products in Doba District, Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract. Abebaw AF, Damme PV. 2023. Diversity and role of woody non-timber forest products in Doba District, Eastern Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 38-47. Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) play a pivotal role as local sources of medicine, household paraphernalia, and fodder and offer income opportunities that can mitigate poverty. This study was conducted in Doba District, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia, to analyze the diversity and economic contribution of non-timber forest products. Both ethnobotanical and vegetation data were cross-sectionally collected from February 2020 up to June 2021. A total of 422 informants selected randomly from forest inhabitants were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires to explore NTFP utilization and their economic contributions. Vegetation data were collected from 56 sample plots of each 20m x 20m (400m2) along transects lines. Vegetation data collected were analyzed for the relative density of species, Shannon-Wiener index, species evenness, and relative frequency. From the household survey, 58 plant species categorized in 55 genera and 35 families were identified as NTFP-bearing species. Analysis of the socio-economic data shows that NTFP collection is a day-to-day activity of the local communities. These communities use NTFPs in different types of use categories, namely medicinal plants (32, 55.17%), melliferous species (20, 34.48%), wild food and condiment species (22, 37.93%), farm implements (7, 12.06%), wood and flavoring (6, 10.34%), source of energy (20, 35.71%), and household utensils and construction materials (30, 51.72%). The market survey analysis showed that NTFPs account for about 15.77% of the annual household income. The vegetation survey showed that Ades Forest has a good status with an average density of 1,450 plants ha-1, high Shannon-Wiener index (H =3.299), and species evenness (E = 0.81). Ades Forest harbors a diverse number of NTFP-bearing species used for several categories. The study reveals the real experiences of the local communities in utilizing NTFPs for their livelihood. Forest dependency rates tend to be higher among poor households. However, further study on production potential and market chain analysis should be done together with awareness creation activities to get a sustainable product for the community and conserve the forest resource.

Contribution of non-timber forest products to national employment following weather shocks: evidence from 24 countries

ABSTRACT Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have been shown to play an important role in the livelihoods of rural communities, especially when experiencing an economic shock. However, their role at the macro-level is less understood. This paper assembled unique data from 24 countries and determined the contribution of NTFPs to employment and the effect of weather shocks on employment in NTFPs. Results show that NTFPs contribute about 0.03% to national employment and make up about 2% of the total agriculture sector labour force. Weather shocks (droughts and floods) increase the number of people employed in NTFPs by more than 16,000 workers per year, which is about 0.8% of the total agriculture labour force, and this effect is increasing in forest size. We contribute to the literature on the role of forests and NTFPs in employment creation at the national level.

Contribution of non-timber forest products to food security of households bordering the Pô-Nazinga-Sissili ecological complex in Burkina Faso

The current paper analyses the contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to households' food security bordering the complex Pô-Nazinga-Sissili, a protected area in south Burkina Faso. Using primary data from a sample of 263 randomly selected households, two food security indicators, the Household Dietary Diversity Score and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, were calculated. Binary logistic regression and ordered multinomial logistic regression of these respective indicators on the socioeconomic characteristics of households, with a particular focus on economic dependence on NTFPs, have shown that NTFPs are means to improve household food security. It would be more appropriate for NTFPs to be deeply incorporated into public food security policies, especially in rural areas.

Contribution of non-timber forest products to the food security of households bordering the P

Contribution of non-timber forest products to the food security of households bordering the P

Benchmarking the Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products towards Sustainable Livelihood and Regional Development

Benchmarking the Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products towards Sustainable Livelihood and Regional Development

Community Empowerment for Sustainable Natural Management, and Securing Forest and Land Tenures.

This action research aims to explore community empowerment for sustainable natural management, and securing forest and land tenures for Indigenous People (IP) in Kratie by focusing on: (a) socio-economic characteristics; (b) engagement of IPs in forest management; (c) awareness of forest management; and, (4) local perceptions of community development. Overall, the household survey reveals there was no relationship between negative effects of a decline in forest products and the contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) to livelihoods. In addition, both Kroul people and Khmer people rated their degree of satisfaction to be moderate regarding rights over Collective Land Titling Community (CLT) Community Forestry, capacity building, and supporting mechanisms carried out by key stakeholders including the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), the Ministry of Interior (MoI), and the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC). Moreover, the degree of satisfaction with activities delivered by NGOs was rated as moderate. In relation to climate change and social change, both Khmer people and Kroul people viewed climate change to have a very significant effect on livelihoods due to unexpected droughts, and increases in temperature. The effect of decline in forest products, and water level were also assessed to have a high impact. At the same time, effects of social changes on livelihoods were rated to have a high impact as well, in terms of high prices for food consumption, declines in household incomes, food insecurity, impacts of global crises, and limited access to education for children.

Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products to Local Communities: The Case of Belete Gera Forest, Southwest Ethiopia

Forests provides non-timber forest products (NTFPs), which support the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Studies on the contribution of NTFPs to local people's livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation have grown in popularity. However, information on the contribution of NTFPs to annual household income is limited. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of NTFPs in local peoples' livelihoods. The study employed a multistage sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information during a face-to-face interview. Furthermore, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data on major NTFPs and triangulate data from HHs surveyed. An interview was conducted with 181 households in and around the forest at random. The most important NTFPs extracted from the forest were forest coffee, honey, charcoal, Aframomum kororima, fuel wood, lianas, Rhamnus prinoides, and medicinal plants. According to the findings, after crop production, NTFPs were the second most important source of income, accounting for 28% of total household income on average. Household NTFP contributions vary by wealth category, with poor (46%) and medium (40%) households contributing more than rich (14%). In general, income from various NTFPs contributes significantly to the annual income of local households, providing an important incentive to conserve forest resources in a sustainable manner. Better policies and strategies are required to sustain local people's livelihoods while conserving forest resources.

Non-Timber Forest Products and Local Livelihoods Around the Bamboko Forest Reserve in the South West Region of Cameroon

The study assesses the contribution of non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in rural livelihoods and the strategies for their conservation. A survey was conducted with 150 respondents in six villages of the Bamboko Forest Reserve (BFR), using questionnaire, complemented by interviews, focus group discussions and direct field observations. The results showed that 10 key NTFPs of plant origin and 13 animal species contributed to income generation, trade, employment and household energy in communities adjoining the BFR. In 2013, these communities generated an income of US$ 6,965 and US$ 3,603.8 per month from the sale of plant based major NTFPs and ‘bush meat’ respectively, contributing to the wellbeing of families. Unsustainable harvesting of NTFPs from the BFR have resulted in 90% reduction in quantity collected, 83% decrease in income as well as a purported 91% degradation of the forest reserve. Indeed, over 90% of local population indicated significant decrease in the quantity of NTFPs harvested and the number of animals hunted per month with consequential decreases in incomes.

Significance of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) to the Tribal Wealth of Ranchi District, Jharkhand

The indicated study scrutinizes the contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products to the tribal wealth residing in the Angara and Namkum block of Ranchi district which was carried out in Jharkhand during 2021-22. By following multistage random sampling techniques 2 blocks were selected namely (Angara and Namkum) and among these blocks 4 villages were selected from each block with each village having 10 interviewees which lead to the collection of necessary data. The information was gathered through structured interviews, local market survey, and non-participant observation, and it was estimated using descriptive statistics such as frequency (f), percentage (%), mean, and range. This study also attempted to capture the Economics of average revenue generated during weekly markets via NTFPs. The crucial findings from the study were; Tribal people dependency on NTFPs for significant employment and income (50% >) via collection of NTFPs, Processing and value- addition. Men played a dominant role in marketing of NTFPs except in the collection of fuelwoods while women were dominant in processing and collection of NTFPs. The overall dependency of the tribals dwelling in the villages on NTFPs remains significantly larger. (60%) followed by daily wages (30%) and minimum in govt. sector work (10%). The marketing pattern of NTFPs in both the blocks was studied along with the sale price of various NTFPs in the local market. There are approximately 18-20 NTFPs which is widely found in the Namkum and Angara block of Ranchi which is marketed and contributes significantly in revenue generation and employment of the villagers.

Contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) utilization to the well-being of women: evidence from Nigeria

Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension is a peer-reviewed international scientific journal covering a wide range of subject areas in tropical and subtropical agriculture published quarterly by the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. The journal is also available on the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna website https://www.agri.ruh.ac.lk/tare/index.htm .

KONTRIBUSI HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU TERHADAP PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT SEKITAR HUTAN LARANGAN ADAT GHIMBO POTAI KECAMATAN KAMPAR KABUPATEN KAMPAR PROVINSI RIAU

Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest is a prohibited forest that has a variety of wood species and non-timber forest products used by communities around the forest, along with the times, the use of non-timber forest products began to decline. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of non-timber forest products that are used by the community in Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest and to determine the contribution of non-timber forest products to the community income around Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest . This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive method. The number of respondents was 170 respondents from Koto Tibun Village and Pulau Tinggi Village. The result show that Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest still has non-timber forest products that can still be used such as chempedak (Artocarpus integer), petai (Parkia speciosa), long jack (Eurycomma longifolia), rattan (Calamus rotang), rambutan (Nephellium sp.), langsat (Lansium domesticum Corr), tampoi (Beccauera sp.), tempunik (Artocarpus rigidus), durian (Durio zibethinus), jelutong (Dyera costulata), terap (Artocarpus sp.), pulasan (Nephelium mutabile), dogfruit (Archidendron pauciflorum) and the eyebrowed thrush (Turdus obscurus). The contribution of non-timber forest products in Koto Tibun Village was Rp. 596,400,000.00 per year, so the percentage of non-timber forest product revenue to total income was 19.56% and Pulau Tinggi Village no longer takes or utilizes existing non-timber forest products in Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest .

Contribution of non-timber forest products to the livelihoods of the forest-dependent communities around the Khadimnagar National Park in northeastern Bangladesh

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) play a significant role in the improvement of the forest-dependent people’s livelihoods around the world, strengthening protection for the sustainable use of forests. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of occupational category-wise (fuelwood collectors, farmers, small-scale businessmen, day labourers, and tea estate labourers) dependency on NTFPs and the role of NTFPs on household income around the Khadimnagar National Park (KNP) in northeastern Bangladesh. In 2014, 178 purposively selected respondents from four villages (out of 22 villages around the KNP) were interviewed face-to-face using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study observed that these forest-dependent communities utilized resources of the KNP mainly for domestic energy supply, household income, and house construction. Results showed that income from NTFPs made a significant contribution to family income. Income data analysis indicated that small-scale businessmen earned relatively more income from NTFPs, followed by tea estate labourers and day labourers. The study revealed significant negative relationships of the distance of households from the forest with the amount of NTFPs collected (P ​< ​0.01) and monthly income from NTFPs (P ​< ​0.01). Positive significant relationships were found between the amount of NTFPs collected and the time spent in NTFP collection (P ​< ​0.001), as well as between monthly income from NTFPs and family size (P ​< ​0.001). The fuelwood collectors and farmers collected significantly greater amounts of NTFPs per trip (P ​< ​0.001) than other occupational categories. The households that were moderately to highly dependent on NTFPs collected significantly higher amounts of NTFPs per trip (P ​< ​0.01) than the households that were moderately dependent and less dependent on NTFPs. Community dependence on KNP’s resources, community’s appreciation of the KNP’s ecosystem services for villagers’ livelihoods, and community’s high levels of concern for forest conservation provided a foundation for the sustainable management of the KNP. The study findings will be useful for designing an effective forest management plan and policy for NTFP management and forest conservation with the active involvement of the forest-dependent people in northeastern Bangladesh.

Evaluating the Potential Contribution of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) to Smallholder Farmers in Semi-arid and Arid Regions: A case of Chivi, Zimbabwe

Food insecurity in most dry regions in Zimbabwe has taught many people a lesson of using non timber forest products (NTFPs) to reduce food insecurity and improve livelihoods as well as poverty alleviation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential contribution of non-timber forest products to smallholder farmers in arid and semi-arid regions. The research was carried out as a survey and data was collected using interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussion. Data was analysed for descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS version 25. Results indicated that 64 % were females and 36 % were males with the majority of participants being married (57.6 %) with only 8.8 % being widowed. Results show that all respondents (100%) indicated that they obtain fruits from the forests as a major source of food during winter and rain season. Vegetables (84.2 %), thatching grass (80.8%) and edible worms (62.5 %) were also major non-timber forest products obtained from the forests by participants. All participants (100%) indicated that income generation, firewood and source of heat for brick moulding were major benefits they obtain from forest with vegetables (74.2 %), brooms (91.7 %) and improved nutrition (85.0 %) being regarded as other important benefits enjoyed by local people from forests. Afforestation and reforestation were regarded as major sustainable forest management practices by all (100%) participants with agroforestry being indicated by only 12.5 % since people had no knowledge about it. NTFPs has capacity of improving food security, human livelihoods and alleviate poverty. People are encouraged to harvest NTFPs sustainably to allow future use. Use of agroforestry can be a best way for managing forests sustainably, improve food security, crop yield, poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation.

Multiple values from the forest: contribution of non-timber forest products to livelihoods of local communities in Northeastern Thailand

Local residents near forests often collect non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for a variety of reasons, including food, medicine, firewood, religious reasons, or to produce handicrafts. This study focused on NTFP collection in the Phu Sritan forest in northeastern Thailand. Interviews were conducted with 568 residents to understand which NTFPs were collected, how the NTFPs are used, and how much income is generated. We found that 96% of those surveyed visit the local forest to collect NTFPs, mushrooms were the most frequently collected item, and the average income per year from NTFPs was $19 US. Also, most interviewees were not processing the raw materials collected, meaning that a value-added process for the NTFPs in the future could result in higher income possibility. We recommend that future research should focus on individual species that are under extreme NTFP collection pressures, and that harvest amounts should be measured and documented.