Contrast Radiographic Examination Research Articles

Endoscopic retrieval of oesophageal foreign body in a dachshund

Four-year-old male Dachshund dog was presented to Madras Veterinary College and Teaching Hospital with the history of gradual weight loss and chronic vomiting for more than twenty days. Previously the dog was treated in several places with anti-emetics, proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, fluid therapy and antibiotics but there was no improvement. On clinical examination the dog was severely dehydrated, increased skin tenting time and increased capillary refill time. Hematobiochemical assessment revealed mild hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Radiographic examination of thorax and abdomen revealed no radio-opaque foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract and ultrasound examination also confirmed the same. Contrast radiographic examination revealed absence of megaesophagus and foreign body in gastrointestinal tract. Hence upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed and which revealed presence of plastic thread twine along the esophagus from the level of pharynx to cardia and the foreign body was retrieved using endoscopic forceps. Further the animal was treated with fluid therapy along with other supportive therapy. The dog was shown the clinical improvement after third day.

Evaluation of the outcomes of right paralumbar fossa colostomy for type II colonic atresia in calves: a report of 24 cases

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of right fossa paralumbar colostomy on the survival rate of calves with atresia coli maintained under Anatolian farming conditions. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by clinical findings, pain and contrast radiographic examination. In clinical and indirect radiographic examination, rectum and descending colon were seen as more constricted than usual. In surgery, the abdominal cavity was opened through a vertical incision from the right paralumbar fossa. The blind end of the ascending colon was fixed to the abdominal wall in order to create a stoma. The postoperative course of the calves was obtained from the owners of the calves during a period of four months. It was learned that only one calf survived and the others died because of diarrhea within the four month period. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that although right fossa paralumbar colostomy was successfully performed for type-II atresia coli, severe functional impairment and fluid imbalance due to the loss of an important fluid resorption resulted in the death of most calves that were kept under Anatolian farming conditions.

Patterns of Abnormal Findings in Females Referred for Hysterosalpingography at Private Diagnostic Center, Lagos Nigeria

Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a special contrast radiographic examination that uses invasive technique for the assessment of the fallopian tubes, uterine cavity and cervical canal abnormalities. This study was undertaken to determine the patterns of abnormal findings in females referred for HSG in Lagos. Materials and Methods: All the HSG examinations were performed with standard protocol. The data used for this study were collected from accumulated radiological HSG reports from the archive of the study center in Lagos. A convenience sample size of 145 patients’ records were retrospectively reviewed based on the inclusion criteria. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 20 and descriptive statistics. Results: Most of the females were within age group 20-30years 53.8% (n=78) and the least were age group 41-50 years 3.5 %(n=5).The commonest indication was infertility 71%(n=103) and the least was Asherman’s syndrome 2.8%(n=4). Tubal anomalies were the most common abnormal finding 41.4% (n=60) followed by uterine 30.3% (n=44). Conclusion: Hysterosalpingography is still the gold standard imaging tool for the evaluation of pelvic structures in females referred for HSG especially in our locality. 21-30 years age group were the most commonly affected population. Infertility was the most common indication and tubal abnormalities preponderance was noted

Dysphagia after antireflux fundoplication: endoscopic, radiological and manometric evaluation.

BackgroundThe transient dysphagia after fundoplication is common and most often disappears until six weeks postoperatively.AimAnalyze a group of patients who presented late and persistent dysphagia postoperatively.MethodsForty-one patients after Nissen fundoplication, 14 male and 27 female, mean age 48 year, were evaluated based on medical history, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, contrast radiographic examination and esophageal manometry. The results were compared with another 19 asymptomatic individuals.ResultsContrast radiographic examination of the esophagus revealed in six cases delayed emptying, characterizing that four patients had achalasia and two diffuse spasm of the esophagus. Esophageal manometry showed that maximal expiratory pressure of the lower sphincter ranged from 10 to 38 mmHg and mean respiratory pressure from 14 to 47 mmHg, values similar to controls. Residual pressure ranged from 5 to 31 mmHg, and 17 patients had the same values as the control group.ConclusionThe residual pressure of the lower sphincter was higher and statistically significant in patients with dysphagia compared with those operated without dysphagia. Future studies individualizing and categorizing each motility disorder, employing other techniques of manometry, and the analysis of the residual pressure may contribute to understand of persistent dysphagia in the postoperative fundoplication.

Atresia coli in a Japanese black calf diagnosed by a barium sulphate enema contrast radiograph in the standing position: a case report

A three day-old Japanese black calf was admitted with a history of abdominal distension and absence of defecation. Dilated loops of the small intestine and hypoplasia of the colon and rectum was observed upon a contrast radiographic examination in the standing position. At necropsy atresia coli with undeveloped rectum and patent anal opening was found. We conclude that a contrast radiograph in the standing position is useful for diagnosing atresia coli in such cases.  

Development of a technique for contrast radiographic examination of the gastrointestinal tract in ball pythons (Python regius)

To develop a technique for radiographic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract in ball pythons (Python regius). 10 ball python cadavers (5 males and 5 females) and 18 healthy adult ball pythons (10 males and 8 females). Live snakes were allocated to 3 groups (A, B, and C). A dose (25 mL/kg) of barium sulfate suspension at 3 concentrations (25%, 35%, and 45% [wt/vol]) was administered through an esophageal probe to snakes in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Each evaluation ended when all the contrast medium had reached the large intestine. Transit times through the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine were recorded. Imaging quality was evaluated by 3 investigators who assigned a grading score on the basis of predetermined criteria. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate differences in quality among the study groups. The esophagus and stomach had a consistent distribution pattern of contrast medium, whereas 3 distribution patterns of contrast medium were identified in the small intestine, regardless of barium concentration. Significant differences in imaging quality were detected among the 3 groups. Radiographic procedures were tolerated well by all snakes. The 35% concentration of contrast medium yielded the best imaging quality. Use of contrast medium for evaluation of the cranial portion of the gastrointestinal tract could be a reliable technique for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases in ball pythons. However, results of this study may not translate to other snake species because of variables identified in this group of snakes.

The impact of automatic retractors on the esophagus during anterior cervical surgery: an experimental in vivo study in a sheep model

Postoperative dysphagia is a well-recognized complication of the anterior surgical approach to the cervical spine. However, its incidence and etiology remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of automatic retractor use on the esophagus and to describe the related pathological changes that might occur during cervical spine surgery. A single-level cervical discectomy was performed via an anterior approach in 16 skeletally mature female sheep. Continuous retraction was applied with an automatic retractor system during surgery. The sheep model was chosen because of anatomical similarities to the human esophagus. The esophageal tract in every animal was examined using contrast radiographic examination. Eight animals were killed 3 days after the operation (Group 1). The remaining sheep were killed 4 weeks after the operation (Group 2). The esophagi were removed for histopathological study, which was performed using H & E and Masson trichrome staining. The changes in esophageal innervation were examined with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diphosphate-diaphorase histochemical staining. Only 1 animal (a Group 1 sheep) demonstrated any postoperative radiographic abnormality. In Group 1 sheep, histopathological study of the esophagi at the treated level revealed edema between the muscular fibers in the outer longitudinal and inner circular layers of the muscularis propria. At some points, obvious signs of vascular congestion, vascular damage, and inflammation were observed. In the Group 2 animals, there was mild-to-moderate fibrosis extending from the outer surface of the esophagus to the longitudinal layers of the muscularis propria in the area to which retraction had been applied. Enzyme-histochemical staining revealed the presence of normal myenteric plexus and ganglion cells, and nitrergic innervation in all parts of the esophagus wall. The results of this study demonstrate that direct pressure induced by the medial retractor blade on the esophagus wall leads to local injury. Postoperative dysphagia in human patients who have undergone anterior cervical spine surgery could be a clinical manifestation of this phenomenon.

Native and contrast-radiographic examination of the urinary tract

Plain x-rays and contrast urography are important for diagnosing urinary tract diseases. The first plain film of the urinary tract was made in 1896, and the first tests using contrasts started in 1904. Excretory urography has been used since 1930. Plain films of the urinary tract are used in the kidney area, the area of the ureter and urinary bladder. They also show structures (lumbar and sacral spine and pelvis), muscles (m. iliopsoas) as well as calculi. X-ray visualization of the urinary tract with contrast substances is intravenous urography. It is used for diagnosing diseases of the upper urinary system with symptoms such as: pain, colic, hydronephrosis, as well as acute cortical infections, urinary bladder tumors, etc. Retrograde urography is a procedure recommended when either the pyelocalyx system or the ureter are not seen unilaterally or bilaterally. Cystography is used to visualize the bladder. It is recommended in case of intravesical obstruction. Urethrocystography is a technique for investigation of the anterior and prostatic urethra as well as the neck of the urinary bladder.

Clinical and radiographic findings compared with urodynamic findings in neutered female dogs with refractory urinary incontinence

Possible correlations were investigated between the clinical and urodynamic findings in 77 neutered female dogs with urinary incontinence refractory to standard medical management. The clinical data used in the analysis...

A CASE OF MUCUS PRODUCING INTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA ASSOCIATING WITH BILE DUCT-GASTRIC FISTULA

A 61-year-old woman was seen at the hospital because of right hypochondralgia. Abdominal CT and ultrasonography visualized a dilatation of the left intrahepatic bile duct. In the clinical course after admission the patient developed obstructive jaundice. With percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage a large quantity of mucus was evacuated. Cholangioscopy revealed a papillary and elevated lesion in the left intrahepatic bile duct. Biopsy resulted in Class III. Gastric endoscopy showed depressed lesions in the angular notch and middle part of body of the stomach. Contrastradio graphic examination revealed a left intrahepatic bile duct-gastric fistula. The patient was diagnosed as having mucus producing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with bile duct-gastric fistula. Left lobectomy of the liver and gastrectomy were performed. Histopathologically it was mucin-producing papillary adenocarcinoma. No such case as the mucus producing intahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associating with bile duct-gastric fistula has been reported in Japan. This case is very rare.

Eosinophilic granulomatous colitis with ulceration in a dog

A 3-year-old Bouvier de Flandres dog was admitted because of haemorrhagic diarrhoea, anorexia, weight loss and anaemia. Abdominal palpation revealed a palpable thickened large intestine. Contrast radiographic examination showed a thickened colon wall. At necropsy, an eosinophilic granulomatous colitis with ulceration and a rectal pseudopolyp were found. In addition, thrombo-endocarditis with acute infarction of heart and kidney was present.