Contradictory Properties Research Articles

Biomimetic Structural Hydrogels Reinforced by Gradient Twisted Plywood Architectures.

Naturally structural hydrogels such as crustacean exoskeletons possess a remarkable combination of seemingly contradictory properties: high strength, modulus, and toughness coupled with exceptional fatigue resistance, owing to their hierarchical structures across multiple length scales. However, replicating these unique mechanical properties in synthetic hydrogels remains a significant challenge. This work presents a synergistic approach for constructing hierarchical structural hydrogels by employing cholesteric liquid crystal self-assembly followed by nanocrystalline engineering. The resulting hydrogels exhibit a long-range ordered gradient twisted plywood structure with high crystallinity to mimic the design of crustacean exoskeletons. Consequently, the structural hydrogels achieve an unprecedented combination of ultrahigh strength (46±3MPa), modulus (496±25MPa), and toughness (170±14MJ m-3), together with recorded high fatigue threshold (32.5kJ m-2) and superior impact resistance (48±2kJ m-1). Additionally, through controlling geometry and compositional gradients of the hierarchical structures, a programmable shape morphing process allows for the fabrication of complex 3D hydrogels. This study not only offers valuable insights into advanced design strategies applicable to a broad range of promising hierarchical materials, but also pave the ways for load-bearing applications in tissue engineering, wearable devices, and soft robotics.

Electrical Tissue Adhesives for Strain‐Insensitive In‐situ Biosensing

In‐situ biosensing, a rapidly evolving field that focuses on the development of biosensors capable of on‐site detection of biomolecules directly from local tissue regions, holds the potential to revolutionize medicine through real‐time monitoring, personalized diagnosis, and targeted therapies. However, interfacing rigid, nonstretchable biosensors with soft, deformable tissues presents significant challenges due to their fundamentally contradictory properties. Herein, an electrical tissue adhesive featuring an entangled adhesive polymer network interpenetrated with a sacrificial dissipative polymer network is developed, which can rapidly and robustly adhere electrochemical biosensors with biological tissues, enabling strain‐insensitive physiological monitoring. The electrical tissue adhesive achieves a high fracture toughness of up to 3000 J m−2, a low Young's modulus of around 20 kPa, superior stretchability up to 15 times its initial length, and an overall biosensor‐tissue interfacial toughness of up to 500 J m−2. Using an electrochemical glucose sensor as one example, it is demonstrated that the electrical tissue adhesive can maintain resilient glucose sensing under various stress states and stretch levels. Additionally, the application of the electrical tissue adhesive for in‐situ monitoring of exercise and diet in subjects with various BMIs is demonstrated by measuring glucose concentration in sweat.

Bivariate BMM-based hybrid domain image watermark detector

Robustness, imperceptibility, and watermark capacity are three indispensable and contradictory properties for any image watermarking systems. It is a challenging work to achieve the balance among the three important properties. In this paper, by using the bivariate Beta mixture model (Bivariate BMM), we present a statistical image watermark scheme in nonsubsampled Contourlet transform (NSCT)-fractional order Jacobi Fourier moments (FJFMs) amplitude hybrid domain. The whole watermarking algorithm includes two parts: watermark embedding and detection. NSCT is firstly performed on host image to obtain the frequency subbands, and the NSCT subbands are divided into non overlapping blocks. Then, the significant NSCT domain blocks are selected using local binary patterns (LBP). Meanwhile, for each selected NSCT coefficient block, FJFMs are calculated to obtain the NSCT-FJFMs amplitude. Finally, watermark signals are inserted into the amplitude hybrid domain of NSCT-FJFMs. In order to detect accurately watermark signal, the statistical characteristics of NSCT-FJFMs magnitudes are analyzed in detail. Then, NSCT-FJFMs magnitudes are described statistically by Bivariate BMM, which can simultaneously capture the marginal distribution and strong dependencies of NSCT-FJFMs magnitudes. Also, Bivariate BMM parameters are estimated accurately by the rough-enhanced-Bayes mixture estimation & expectation–maximization (REBMIX&EM) approach. Finally, a statistical watermark detector based on the locally optimum (LO) decision rule and Bivariate BMM is developed in NSCT-FJFMs magnitude hybrid domain. Also, the closed-form expressions on the LO statistic is derived and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) about our detector is analyzed. Extensive experimental results show the superiority of the proposed image watermark detector over some state-of-the-art statistical watermarking methods.

Mind the Particle Rigidity: Blooms the Bioavailability via Rapidly Crossing the Mucus Layer and Alters the Intracellular Fate of Curcumin.

Overcoming intestinal epithelial barriers to enhance bioavailability is a major challenge for oral delivery systems. Desirable nanocarriers should simultaneously exhibit rapid mucus penetration and efficient epithelial uptake; however, they two generally require contradictory structural properties. Herein, we proposed a strategy to construct multiperformance nanoparticles by modifying the rigidity of amphiphilic nanostructures originating from soy polypeptides (SPNPs), where its ability to overcome multibarriers was examined from both in vitro and in vivo, using curcumin (CUR) as a model cargo. Low-rigidity SPNPs showed higher affinity to mucin and were prone to getting stuck in the mucus layer. When they reached epithelial cells, they tended to be endocytosed through the clathrin and macropinocytosis pathways and further transferred to lysosomes, showing severe degradation and lower transport of CUR. Increased particle rigidity generally improved the absorption of CUR, with medium-rigidity SPNPs bloomed maximum plasma concentration of CUR by 80.62-fold and showed the highest oral bioavailability. Results from monocultured and cocultured cell models demonstrated that medium-rigidity SPNPs were least influenced by the mucus layer and changes in rigidity significantly influenced the endocytosis and intracellular fate of SPNPs. Those with higher rigidity preferred to be endocytosed via a caveolae-mediated pathway and trafficked to the ER and Golgi, facilitating their whole transcytosis, and avoiding intracellular metabolism. Moreover, rigidity modulation efficiently induces the reversible opening of intercellular tight junctions, which synergistically improves the transport of CUR into blood circulation. This study suggested that rigidity regulation on food originated amphiphilic peptides could overcome multiple physiological barriers, showing great potential as natural building block toward oral delivery.

Limiting Properties of Linear Control Systems, Synthesis by LQR Methods According to Quadratic Criteria with One Variable Coefficient

The work provides a comparative analysis of the properties of optimal control systems for linear stationary single-channel objects, the distinctive feature of which is that the numerator polynomial of the object’s transfer function is Hurwitz. Systems are synthesized by two main methods of the theory of analytical design of optimal regulators (ADOR) — methods the Letov-Kalman and A. A. Krasovsky, which use quality functionals based on an integral criterion containing only two terms: the square of the object’s control signal and the square of its output coordinate with a weighting coefficient q . The limiting properties of the synthesized systems are studied at q q → ∞ . The common known property of these systems, for brevity called the Letov-Kalman and Krasovsky systems, is the property of their stability at the limiting value of the weight coefficient and, accordingly, an infinitely large increase in the total gain of these systems, which for them ensures obtaining a given value static control error. Other analyzed properties of the systems turned out to be significantly different and even mutually opposite. For example, at limiting values q q → ∞ , the coefficients of the optimal Letov-Kalman controller do not depend on the parameters of the object, while the coefficients of the Krasovsky controller, on the contrary, are determined exclusively by the parameters of the object. We also note that, unlike Letov-Kalman control systems, the time of transient processes of Krasovsky systems at q q → ∞ cannot be reduced less than a certain finite value, despite the absence of restrictions on the magnitude of the control signal. In this work, with the aim of combining in one control system the indicated positive, but contradictory properties of the analyzed systems, the so-called combined ADOR method is proposed. Its main idea is to represent the control signal of an object by two terms, which are then sequentially determined by using two main methods of the ADOR theory, and at the first stage of synthesis there is control using the Letov-Kalman method, which ensures the direct application of the combined synthesis method to unstable objects. This synthesis method, when using a quality functional with one variable weight coefficient, allows for the considered control objects of order n m 5 to design systems with given values of the static error and control time, for which overregulation does not exceed 5.2 %.

Effect of Energy Density on the Mechanical Properties of 1.2709 Maraging Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion.

The unusual combination of the fundamentally contradictory properties of high tensile strength and high fracture toughness found in maraging steel makes it well suited for safety-critical applications that require high strength-to-weight materials. In certain instances, additive manufacturing (AM) has produced materials that may be desirable for safety-critical applications where impact toughness is a key property, such as structural parts for the aerospace industry or armor plates for military applications. Understanding the influence of process parameters and defect structure on the properties of maraging steel parts produced via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a fundamental step towards the broader use of AM technologies for more demanding applications. In this research, the impact energy of V-notched specimens made of 1.2709 maraging steel produced by LPBF was determined via Charpy impact testing. Specimens were produced using different processing parameter sets. By combining the process parameters with the porosity values of the parts, we demonstrate that an almost full prediction of the impact properties can be achieved, paving the way for significantly reducing the expenses of destructive testing.

Syncretic of soft, hard, and rigid segments cultivate high-performance elastomer

In materials science, achieving polymers that possess both high strength and high toughness—traditionally seen as contradictory properties—remains a significant challenge. In this study, a poly (urethane-imide-urea) (PUIU) was synthesized, featuring soft, hard, and rigid segment groups alternately distributed along the main chain. By integrating a polyurethane (PU) prepolymer, urea, and imide, with the PU prepolymer acting as the soft segment to confer malleability, urea-formed hydrogen bonds serving as the hard segment to provide toughness, and imide acting as the rigid segment to enhance material strength. The synergistic effects of these elements result in an elastomer with outstanding strength (70.1 ± 2.6 MPa), high elongation at break (1813.9 ± 76.0 %), and high toughness (420.4 ± 22.3 MJ/m3). Furthermore, it demonstrates superior fatigue, tear, and wear resistance. Through a blend of simulation and experimentation, we uncover the reasons behind its high performance. This study demonstrates the feasibility of preparing an elastomer that combines softness, hardness, and rigidity, meanwhile, achieving a balance between strength and toughness, thereby offering valuable theoretical guidance for the integration of high strength and high toughness.

Paradoxes of a Conventional Society: A Study of Ben Jonson’s The Alchemist and Benard Shaw’s Heartbreak House

Drama is a cognitive process and means of concretely translating abstract ideas into reality. It provides a vent for dramatists to vividly capture the rhythms of life in their societies. From the eons of time, the modus operandi of drama has placed it on a pedestal of a gadfly that prods, points and comments on the realities of its time. It is, therefore, pertinent to say that the mind of the dramatist is fertilized by the various social, economic cum political realities that are operational within the domain of his/her existence. This study focuses on two English plays; namely Ben Jonson’s Elizabethan play, The Alchemist, and George Benard Shaw’s modern drama- Heartbreak House. The selection of these models is anchored on the staggering power of their authors to detect the symptoms of social diseases that are present in their societies at their moments of writing and which by their being exacerbated in our own time, appear transhistorical in nature. The objectives of this study are to highlight the contradictory qualities and properties (paradoxes) of a modern society; one that seeks growth in all ramifications (education, politics, science, among others) and yet finds solace in mundaneness as exemplified by the two plays. The second objective is to comparatively look at the realities in the world of the two plays and what is obtainable now in our own age. Therefore, the interpretation of the past and the new meanings of the present will be juxtaposed and evaluated. Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory will provide frame of reference for the study while interpretive approach shall be content analysis.

Reversible Stabilization of Nanofiber-Polyplexes through Introducing Cross-Linkages.

Non-viral gene delivery systems are typically designed vector systems with contradictory properties, namely sufficient stability before cellular uptake and instability to ensure the release of nucleic acid cargoes in the transcription process after being taken up into cells. We reported previously that poly-(L-lysine) terminally bearing a multi-arm PEG (maPEG-PLL) formed nanofiber-polyplexes that suppressed excessive DNA condensation via steric repulsion among maPEGs and exhibited effective transcriptional capability in PCR amplification experiments and a cell-free gene expression system. In this study, the reversible stabilization of a nanofiber-polyplex without impairing the effective transcriptional capability was investigated by introducing cross-links between the PLL side chains within the polyplex using a cross-linking reagent with disulfide (SS) bonds that can be disrupted under reducing conditions. In the presence of dextran sulfate and/or dithiothreitol, the stability of the polyplex and the reactivity of the pDNA were evaluated using agarose gel electrophoresis and real-time PCR. We succeeded in reversibly stabilizing nanofiber-polyplexes using dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate) (DSP) as the cross-linking reagent. The effect of the reversible stabilization was confirmed in experiments using cultured cells, and the DSP-crosslinked polyplexes exhibited gene expression superior to that of polyethyleneimine polyplexes, which are typical polyplexes.

Peeling-Stiffening Self-Adhesive Ionogel with Superhigh Interfacial Toughness.

Self-adhesive materials that can directly adhere to diverse solid surfaces are indispensable in modern life and technologies. However, it remains a challenge to develop self-adhesive materials with strong adhesion while maintaining its intrinsic softness for efficient tackiness. Here, a peeling-stiffening self-adhesive ionogel that reconciles the seemingly contradictory properties of softness and strong adhesion is reported. The ionogel contains two ionophilic repeating units with distinct associating affinities, which allows to adaptively wet rough surface in the soft dissipating state for adhering, and to dramatically stiffen to the glassy state upon peeling. The corresponding modulus increases by 117 times driven by strain-rate-induced phase separation, which greatly suppresses crack propagation and results in a super high interfacial toughness of 8046 J m-2 . The self-adhesive ionogel is also transparent, self-healable, recyclable, and can be easily removed by simple moisture treatment. This strategy provides a new way to design high-performance self-adhesive materials for intelligent soft devices.

Vibro-acoustic optimisation of composites with multiple parameters

Composites, light and stiff, are sensitive to propagate structure borne sound but simultaneously offer a wide range of adjusting the material behaviour. Thereby, stiffness and damping are contradictory material properties related to the fibre orientation. Commonly, the composite design is based on FEA simulations requiring special modelling efforts. In contrast, the multi-dimensional optimisation of a laminate with numerous layers requires very fast numerical solutions for numerous repetitions. Using a complex but efficient vibro-acoustic simulation model is essential in optimising composites. Therefore, the FEA is extended by a strain energy based modal damping approach for the layerwise accumulation of the anisotropic damping. In addition, the radiated sound power is determined by a velocity-based approach directly on steady state structural simulations avoiding a complex multi-physical modelling. Moreover, the frequency dependent radiation is consolidated to a single scalar optimisation objective with analytical formulations of amplification factors of the modal power contributions. This methodology is applied to design a vibro-acoustically optimised composite part. The achieved results emerge the NVH potential of thermoplastic composites compared to a steel reference case.

Cellulose Fabrics Functionalized with Sol-Gel Photocatalytic Coatings Based on Iron (III) Phthalocyanine Tetracarboxylic Acids-TiO2-Silica Hybrids.

Photocatalytic coatings are difficult to obtain on textile materials because of the sometimes contradictory properties that must be achieved. In order to obtain a high efficiency of a photocatalytic effect, the metal-oxide semiconductor must be found in the vicinity of the coating-air interface in order to come into direct contact with the contaminant species and allow light radiation access to its surface. Another necessary condition is related to the properties of the covering textile material as well as to the stability of the xerogel films to light and wet treatments. In this sense, we proposed a solution based on hybrid silica films generated by sol-gel processes, coatings that contain as a photocatalyst TiO2 sensitized with tetracarboxylic acid of iron (III) phthalocyanine (FeTCPc). The coatings were made by the pad-dry-cure process, using in the composition a bifunctional anchoring agent (3-glycidoxipropyltrimethoxysilane, GLYMO), a crosslinking agent (sodium tetraborate, BORAX), and a catalyst (N-methylimidazole, MIM) for the polymerization of epoxy groups. The photodegradation experiments performed on methylene blue (MB), utilized as a model contaminant, using LED or xenon arc as light sources, showed that the treatment with BORAX improves the resistance of the coatings to wet treatments but worsens their photocatalytic performances.

Enhancement of critical current density and critical magnetic field of superconducting medium entropy alloy Nb2/5Hf1/5Zr1/5Ti1/5

We investigated the superconducting properties of medium entropy alloys (MEA) Nb2/5Hf1/5Zr1/5Ti1/5, synthesized by arc melting (AM) and powder metallurgical spark plasma sintering (SPS) methods. The samples exhibit superconducting transitions at Tc=7.99 K (AM) and 6.63 K (SPS) from the electrical resistivity measurements. The upper critical field at zero-temperature limit μoHc2(0) gives a relatively high value of 14.63 T (AM) and 11.68 T (SPS). The isothermal magnetic hysteresis of the SPS-MEA shows significantly enhanced vortex pinning, resulting in the enhancement of critical current density (Jc= 39,000 A/cm2) compared with the AM-MEA (Jc= 5,500 A/cm2) at 2 K (about seven times enhancement). The SPS-MEA shows a significant suppression of vortex avalanches compared with the previously reported SPS-HEA Ta1/6Nb2/6Hf1/6Zr1/6Ti1/6 superconductor. The SPS-MEA showed the secondary fishtail effect at a high magnetic field. There was a sizable specific heat jump ΔC(Tc)/γTc (3.3 for AM and 3.9 for SPS), significantly higher than the value of BCS prediction (1.43). Superconducting properties of MEA suggest the intermediate coupling of the electron-phonon coupling constant λ∼1 (λel−ph≃0.89 for AM and λel−ph≃0.78 for SPS) and the intermediate to strong coupling regime. The Kadowaki-Woods plot of the compounds is located on the line of the heavy fermion system. The Uemura plot indicates that the compounds are close to the conventional BCS superconductor. The contradictory property of strongly correlated and conventional BCS-type metallic superconductivity may come from the dirty superconducting regime with high Fermi velocity. Enhancing critical current density with significantly suppressed vortex avalanches on the SPS-MEA Nb2/5Hf1/5Zr1/5Ti1/5 compound suggests possible practical applications on the bulk superconductivity.

A multifunctional integrated biomimetic spore nanoplatform for successively overcoming oral biological barriers

The biological barriers have seriously restricted the efficacious responses of oral delivery system in diseases treatment. Utilizing a carrier based on the single construction means is hard to overcome these obstacles simultaneously because the complex gastrointestinal tract environment requires carrier to have different or even contradictory properties. Interestingly, spore capsid (SC) integrates many unique biological characteristics, such as high resistance, good stability etc. This fact offers a boundless source of inspiration for the construction of multi-functional oral nanoplatform based on SC without further modification. Herein, we develop a type of biomimetic spore nanoplatform (SC@DS NPs) to successively overcome oral biological barriers. Firstly, doxorubicin (DOX) and sorafenib (SOR) are self-assembled to form carrier-free nanoparticles (DS NPs). Subsequently, SC is effectively separated from probiotic spores and served as a functional vehicle for delivering DS NPs. As expect, SC@DS NPs can efficaciously pass through the rugged stomach environment after oral administration and further be transported to the intestine. Surprisingly, we find that SC@DS NPs exhibit a significant improvement in the aspects of mucus penetration and transepithelial transport, which is related to the protein species of SC. This study demonstrates that SC@DS NPs can efficiently overcome multiple biological barriers and improve the therapeutic effect.

Integrating the latest biological advances in the key steps of a food packaging life cycle.

This literature review provides a focus on the potential of integrating the latest scientific and technological advances in the biological field to improve the status of the key steps of a food packaging life cycle: production, usage, post-usage, and long-term fate. A case study of such multi-biological food packaging is demonstrated based on the use of PHAs (polyhydroxyalkanoates) polymer, a microbiologically produced polymer from non-food renewable resources, activated by the use of bioactive components to enhance its usage benefits by reducing food loss and waste, displaying potential for reusability, compostability as post-usage, and finally, being ultimately biodegradable in most common natural conditions to considerably reduce the negative impact that persistent plastics have on the environment. We discuss how designing safe and efficient multi "bio" food packaging implies finding a compromise between sometimes contradictory functional properties. For example, active antimicrobials help preserve food but can hamper the ultimate biodegradation rate of the polymer. This review presents such antagonisms as well as techniques (e.g., coatings, nanoencapsulation) and tools (e.g., release kinetic) that can help design optimized, safe, and efficient active food packaging.

On remote electronic voting with both coercion resistance and cast-as-intended verifiability

In this work, we study two essential but apparently contradictory properties of electronic voting systems: coercion resistance (CR) and cast-as-intended verifiability (CAI). Informally, the CR property ensures that a voter cannot prove to anybody else the vote content, which prevents vote selling and voting under duress. The CAI property ensures that a malicious voting device cannot cheat the voter and send to the ballot box an encryption of a voting option different from the one chosen by the voter.In this work, we formalize security definitions capturing both coercion resistance and cast-as-intended verification in settings without secure delivery channels between the election authority and voters. After that, we consider some previously proposed solutions aimed at providing these two properties. For some of them (that we call unsatisfactory solutions) we show why they fail to achieve some of the two properties. We then concentrate on one of the two generic solutions that we call satisfactory: we prove that it satisfies the two proposed definitions and we detail how it can be instantiated in both classical cryptographic (e.g., ElGamal ciphertexts) and quantum-resistant (e.g., using lattice-based cryptosystems) settings.

Release of liposomally formulated near-infrared fluorescent probes included in giant cluster vesicles by ultrasound irradiation

Detection of tumors and regional lymph nodes during surgery has been proposed in the diagnosis of lymphatic metastasis and the surgical treatment of malignant diseases. Giant cluster vesicles (GCVs), including liposomally formulated indocyanine green (LP-ICG) derivatives, are a possible candidate for agents to realize the two contradictory properties, i.e., retention in tissue for lesion-marking and trace for sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) identification. We attempted to release the LP-ICG derivatives from GCVs using ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) under ultrasound irradiation. An absorption spectrophotometer quantitatively evaluated the amounts of released LP-ICG derivatives. As a result, we demonstrated that it depended on conditions for sound pressure, burst length, and number density of UCAs, and had a sound pressure threshold independent of burst length and number density of UCAs. The results will aid to determine appropriate conditions to maximize the released amount of LP-ICG derivatives while keeping safety.

Endurantism, presentism, and the problem of temporary intrinsics

AbstractThe most common form of endurantism takes enduring objects to be wholly located at every time they occupy. Such a view is believed to give rise to a problem concerning intrinsic change. My laptop may have been shut before, but it is currently open. Yet, if we understand endurantism as above, then my laptop is in possession of two contradictory properties: the shapes of being open and shut. This problem is known as the “problem of temporary intrinsics,” and, to avoid it, two major kinds of moves have been made. The first is to meddle with the relationship between an enduring object and its properties by, for instance, claiming enduring objects bear their properties relationally to times rather than intrinsically. Many who have found this move unappealing have instead turned to presentism, claiming that endurantists should be presentists to avoid the problem. I take it that while both options can work, neither is optimal. Instead, I argue in favor of an alternative understanding of endurantism that allows endurantists to have it all: there is a version of endurantism that leaves the intrinsic properties of objects untouched, avoids the problem of temporary intrinsics, and does not require adopting presentism.

Dysuricemia-A New Concept Encompassing Hyperuricemia and Hypouricemia.

The importance of uric acid, the final metabolite of purines excreted by the kidneys and intestines, was not previously recognized, except for its role in forming crystals in the joints and causing gout. However, recent evidence implies that uric acid is not a biologically inactive substance and may exert a wide range of effects, including antioxidant, neurostimulatory, proinflammatory, and innate immune activities. Notably, uric acid has two contradictory properties: antioxidant and oxidative ones. In this review, we present the concept of "dysuricemia", a condition in which deviation from the appropriate range of uric acid in the living body results in disease. This concept encompasses both hyperuricemia and hypouricemia. This review draws comparisons between the biologically biphasic positive and negative effects of uric acid and discusses the impact of such effects on various diseases.

Orbital selective coupling in CeRh3B2 : Coexistence of high Curie and high Kondo temperatures

We investigated the electronic structure of the enigmatic CeRh$_3$B$_2$ using resonant inelastic scattering and x-ray absorption spectroscopy in combination with $ab$ $initio$ density functional calculations. We find that the Rh 4$d$ states are irrelevant for the high-temperature ferromagnetism and the Kondo effect. We also find that the Ce 4$f$ crystal-field strength is too small to explain the strong reduction of the Ce magnetic moment. The data reveal instead the presence of two different active Ce 4$f$ orbitals, with each coupling selectively to different bands in CeRh$_3$B$_2$. The inter-site hybridization of the |J=5/2,Jz=+/-1/2> crystal-field state and Ce 5$d$ band combined with the intra-site Ce 4$f$-5$d$ exchange creates the strong ferromagnetism, while hybridization between the |J=5/2,Jz=+/-5/2> and the B $sp$ in the $ab$-plane contributes to the Kondo interaction which causes the moment reduction. This orbital selective coupling explains the unique and seemingly contradictory properties of CeRh$_3$B$_2$.