Contractor Companies Research Articles

Analyzing Delay Factors in Iraqi Construction Projects: An ANP Approach with Najaf Governorate as a Case Study

Construction projects in Iraq often experience delays owing to various factors, making it challenging to accurately estimate completion times. This study investigates the factors contributing to these delays, focusing on the Najaf Governorate as a case study. The primary objective of this study was to investigate issues related to the construction project completion duration, particularly considering Iraq's current unprecedented reconstruction and building efforts. The most significant factors influencing the completion duration were identified through statistical analysis of the samples and application of the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. Data were collected and refined using a questionnaire designed according to a five-point Likert scale and administered in two rounds. The first round involved 28 participants, whereas the second round included 5 participants. The analysis revealed that contractor inefficiency, particularly from a financial perspective, is one of the most critical factors affecting construction progress and causing delays. The practice of accepting the lowest bids emerged as the second most crucial aspect leading to project delays in Iraq. Additionally, the study concluded that insufficient cash flow for the employer and the lack of technical expertise within the contractor company were the third and fourth most influential factors affecting the duration of construction projects, respectively. This study also highlighted that legal gaps in Iraq's legislative framework for construction projects are among the most significant causes of delays. Finally, the practice of subcontracting was identified as a significant contributor to both delays and poor work quality in the construction projects in Iraq.

Employees’ Internal Factors Leading to Rule-breaking Acts at the Workplace

Introduction: The 2022 National Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Profile in Indonesia shows that the human factor in safety is a factor that influences the risk of workplace accidents. The mining accidents statistical data in Indonesia, in which there was a 100% increase of workplace accidents in 2022, have given this industry an urgency to get a special attention to study risk-taking behavior at the workplace. At the organizational level, PT. XYZ (a mining contractor company in Indonesia) has internally measured its safety maturity level and is currently in calculative level, which indicates that the OHS management system has been implemented but the number of unsafe behaviors and unsafe conditions on site is still high. This paper explores quantitative results from research which aims to obtain an overview of employees’ internal factors leading to rule-breaking acts at the workplace. Methods: This paper uses cross-sectional design research with quantitative approach. Using stratified random sampling, a sample of 283 employees of PT. XYZ Site A participated in this study, ranging from managers, supervisors, and workers. Data were collected through a questionnaire with open-ended questions referring to a study from Safe Work Australia and analyzed quantitatively using statistical Chi-Square statistical test. Results: From the results of the Chi-Square test, the independent variables that have a value of Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) below 0.05 (95% CI) and lead to rule-breaking act at workplace are risk-taking behavior acceptance (0.018), normalizing minor accidents (0.002), and decision to take risk (0.000). Conclusion: Employees’ internal factors of risk-taking behavior acceptance, normalizing minor accidents, and decision to take risk have positive and significant effect on rule-breaking acts at the workplace. It is recommended that organizations implement a proper risk management with ALARP principle, safety empowering leadership, and safe behavior trainings to minimize rule-breaking acts at the workplace

Large Scale Contractor Management Dashboard

Advancements in digital technology have considerably boosted productivity and economic growth over time. Numerous businesses and organizations use a variety of software to organize their work efficiently. This system's main objective is to convert from a manual to an automated method for more effective management. An Employee Management System is one of the systems that contribute significantly to the management of a business. However, this article highlights the deployment of an automated system to replace the paper-based approach that general contractor companies have been using for decades. Laravel is one of the most popular framework technologies for system development among developers. Laravel enables developers to concentrate on the design architecture and functionality of an online application, making it easier for other developers to manage their tasks. Furthermore, role-based access control (RBAC) in Contractor Management System (CMS) has increased the system's security by granting users access depending on their jobs. On-site users will be able to access the system with the tip of their fingers. This development aims to simplify the organization's staff management and will elaborate further on the technologies employed in the proposed system.

How do different policy instruments influence circular economy implementation in the construction sector?

ABSTRACT The circular economy (CE) is a promising solution to the growing construction waste and the environmental problems it brings, and government policy instruments are vital for promoting CE implementation. Existing research has been focused on the effects of one or two specific policy tools, like subsidies or fines, on construction CE implementation, which lacked comprehensive comparison among policy instruments and overlooked the stakeholders’ consciousness. There are three policy instruments and each has different characteristics and effects. Therefore, based on the Stimulus–organism–response theory, this study comprehensively explored the impact of the three policy instruments on CE implementation, and the mediating role of contractor intentions was considered. The quantitative questionnaire survey and partial least squares structural equation modelling analysis methods were used to study the relationship between the three policy instruments and CE intention and implementation. Then, the qualitative interview method was adopted to validate the results and provide practical advice. The results provide the government with a policy instrument decision-making framework, which gives a theoretical basis and practical implications for the government and contractor companies in CE implementation and gives insight into releasing construction waste and pollution problems.

The Influence of Fairness in Distribution, Procedural and Interactional Justice on Employee Performance in Contractor Company

The Influence of Fairness in Distribution, Procedural and Interactional Justice on Employee Performance in Contractor Company

Selection of internal design of crystallizer sleeves for continuous casting of 200 mm billets

The crystallizer is the most critical and most important functional unit of a continuous casting machine (hereinafter referred to as CCM). It is the main technological unit of the CCM, an assembly for removing heat during the solidification of the solidifying metal and the formation of the ingot. The main requirement for the crystallizer is to provide maximum heat removal from the solidifying steel to the cooling water, and to obtain a strong ingot shell with a good surface at the outlet of the crystallizer, which would not be destroyed by the heat of the liquid phase and the ferrostatic pressure. During the reconstruction of the CCM by the contractor company, drawings of crystallizers and crystallizer sleeves with a double‑cone internal geometry for casting 200 mm continuous cast billets were developed. The 200 mm continuous cast billet is a billet for the production of hot‑rolled seamless steel pipes. During the operation of the crystallizer sleeves with a double‑cone internal geometry, an accelerated wear of the protective coating in the lower part of the sleeve was noted, as well as an increased rejection of hot‑rolled pipes due to defects on the outer surface of the pipes. In order to identify the cause of the defect formation, complex metallographic studies of the outer surface of the pipes were carried out. As a result of the metallographic study, surface defects classified as steel mill scale on the outer surface of the pipes were identified. To minimize the “steel mill scale” defect and reduce the wear of the protective coating of the crystallizer sleeves, work was carried out to select the optimal conditions for the crystallization of the continuous cast billet: the use of crystallizer sleeves with a three‑cone internal geometry compared to a double‑cone was investigated; maintaining the temperature difference of the water at the inlet and outlet of the crystallizer within specified limits (ΔT) was tested. It was found that the use of a crystallizer sleeve with a three‑cone internal geometry for casting 200 mm billets and the stable behavior of the ΔT parameter made it possible to ensure the required quality of the surface of seamless pipes, reduce the wear of the protective coating of the crystallizer sleeves and increase the productivity of the CCM.

Perancangan Risk Assessment dengan Metode Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif pada Proyek Pembangunan Ruko di PT XYZ

PT XYZ, a contractor company in the construction sector, is currently working on a project to build 24 shop houses on Jl. Hospital, Bandung City, with a duration of 21 weeks from June to November 2024. This project is divided into several works, including preparation, structure, installation, plumber installation, electrical installation, and wall painting. The project faced challenges such as work accidents, material delays, and conflicts between foremen and subcontractor workers. Due to the lack of effective risk assessment, PT XYZ has difficulty providing a significant response to this problem. Research was conducted to design a risk assessment that includes qualitative and quantitative risk analysis. Qualitative methods are used to create probability impact matrices, risk watch lists and priority risks, while quantitative methods are used to calculate sensitivity analysis related to risk costs. From the research, 186 negative risks and 5 positive risks were found with classifications ranging from insignificant to catastrophic, with the largest risk cost reaching IDR 851,529,000. Researchers also designed contingency plans, checklist forms, material quality checks, and risk reporting to assist PT XYZ in handling project risks.

Comparative Analysis of the Level of Financial Efficiency in the National Construction Services Industry Before and After the Implementation of PSAK 72 with a Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

This study analyzes the financial efficiency of Indonesia's national construction services industry before and after the implementation of PSAK 72 using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. It aims to address the poor performance of contractor companies, which have negative operating cash flows and high Debt to Equity Ratios (DER). Input variables include Net Fixed Assets, Operating Expenses, and Total Employees, while output variables are Revenue and Profit Before Tax. Efficiency scores range from 0 to 1, with scores close to 1 indicating high efficiency. Prior to PSAK 72, PP Presisi Tbk and Wijaya Karya Bangunan Gedung Tbk were the most efficient companies, consistently achieving perfect efficiency scores. Total Bangun Persada Tbk was the least efficient. After PSAK 72, Bukaka Teknik Utama Tbk reached maximum efficiency in 2021, while Brantas Abipraya (Persero) was the least efficient in 2020. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test showed the data was not normally distributed, leading to a non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test. The test indicated a significant difference in financial efficiency before and after PSAK 72, with a p-value of 0.04. This suggests a notable impact of PSAK 72 on the efficiency of construction companies.

Optimization of Raw Material Inventory using Always Better Control (ABC) Analysis and Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method Approach in the Warehouse of a Bolt Manufacturing Factory in Indonesia

There is a problem in the raw material procurement process at the Contractor Company, such as running out and excess stock of raw materials, as well as difficulties in determining how many raw materials to order that meet the company's economic value. Running out of raw material stock results in delays in production activities, while excess raw material stock can fill warehouse capacity, thereby increasing storage costs. To overcome this problem, research was carried out using a quantitative descriptive method to determine the level of production cost efficiency and production effectiveness level in order to achieve optimization of raw material supplies using Always Better Control (ABC) Analysis and the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method at Bolt Companies. ABC analysis plays a role in determining which raw materials have the highest level of demand and the EOQ method plays a role in determining the amount of raw materials to be ordered in order to meet the company's economic value. The research results show that the combination of ABC Analysis and EOQ Method can reduce ordering costs and raw material inventory. There are 4 items out of 10 raw material items that are included in Category A or the most prioritized category. From the results of calculations using the EOQ method, the Bolt Company can save total orders and raw material inventory (TIC) in the period January to December 2023 amounting to IDR 2,147,403,-.

Precursors of falls from height in two main contractor companies in the Chilean construction sector and their subcontractors: Shared vision and preventive prioritization.

Risk factors that can result in serious injuries or deaths are frequently not understood or prevented because of the traditional way in which organizations approach safety. This is especially true for falls from heights in the construction sector, which remain a leading safety hazard in construction globally. A theoretical framework derived from a thorough review of international evidence provided the foundation for the conduct of 50 structured focus groups with a total of 209 participants representing construction workers and supervisors in two main Chilean construction contractor companies and their subcontractors. A total of 627 precursors (risk factors), 56 taxonomies (work tasks/activities), and 622 defenses (prevention actions) were identified. These were classified in three macro dimensions and 13 subdimensions in total, providing a comprehensive framework for the origin, manifestation, and neutralization of such precursors. The findings provide a useful framework for understanding of the most critical risks to which workers are exposed and actions to prevent them. This framework should form the basis for the development of practical safety programs and tools such as management and training checklists, and data analysis for early warning signs.

Penerapan Aplikasi Mobile E-Card Employee Menggunakan Ionic Framework (Studi Kasus : PT. Darma Henwa, Tbk- Acp)

PT. Darma Henwa, Tbk-ACP is a mining contractor company with various departments, including the Management Information System (MIS). Employee ID card data collection and verification are currently manual using Microsoft Excel, causing data to be disorganized and difficult to access. This research develops the "E-Card Employee" application for Android using the prototyping method and the Ionic Framework, with data modeling through ERD and DFD. The results show that this application facilitates employee data management, increases efficiency, and provides a digital solution for ID cards that can be used if the physical ID card is lost or left behind.

The Influence of HR Management Quality on Improving the Performance of Contracting Companies in North Sumatra

This research aims to determine the influence of the quality of human resource management on the performance of contractor companies in North Sumatra. The hypothesis proposed is that there is a positive relationship between the quality of human resources and the performance of contractor companies. A total of 24 respondents from 6 contractor companies were selected as samples using the probability sampling method. The research results show that there is an influence between the quality of human resources on company performance. This is proven by the results of the hypothesis test which shows the calculated t value of 10.785, exceeding the t table value of 2.074. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected, indicating that there is a significant influence between the quality of human resource management and the performance of contractor companies in North Sumatra. From the research results, it can be concluded that the quality of human resource management has a significant influence on the performance of contractor companies in North Sumatra 84.1%; the remaining 15.9% is influenced by other factors. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the quality of human resource management to improve the performance of contractor companies.

Risk response analysis on road project implementation in North Aceh district

Abstract Construction projects are activities carried out to build a building that is limited by cost, time and quality. Therefore good control is needed, especially that the project can expected goals quickly, precisely, and effectively. Risk response is the process of controlling risks that can be identified. The purpose of this paper to determine the dominant risk response in road projects. This research uses quantitative (used is FI, SI and RII) and analysis Descriptive Statistics. There are 25 Respondents addressed to Directors, project managers, or engineers representing contractor companies that have worked on road projects in North Aceh Regency using the 2022 APBD.The results showed that of the 124 indicators studied, the most dominant risk to costs of road projects in North Aceh Regency in 2022 was 2 indicators, namely increasing costs due to environmental security (C5) of 0.776 and unofficial levies (C11) of 0.768. The dominant risk response to costs based on survey results in the field is avoided because the probability is 80-100%. Indicator (C5) Increased costs due to environmental security, the response is avoided by providing special security workers or security guards. Indicator (C11) Unofficial levies, The response is avoided by conducting socialization to the community.

THE EFFECT OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) METHOD IMPLEMENTATION ON THE EFFECTIVENES OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of Building Implementation Information Modeling (BIM) on the efficiency of building construction management quantitatively. It has become a significant method in the construction industry with the potential to improve collaboration, coordination and information management in the implementation of construction projects. The research method uses simple linear regression analysis with data from construction professional respondents. The study involved 52 contractor companies in the construction industry. The selection of these samples is aimed at obtaining representative and adequate data for simple linear regression analysis. With large sample sizes, the results are expected to be more accurate and reliable. In addition, the selection of 52 respondents is also carried out to cover a variety of perspectives and professional experience of construction, making the data obtained more representative, and more reliable for the analysis performed. Implementation of BIM has a significant and positive impact on building construction management, demonstrated by a count t value = 12.217 greater than the table t value of 2.00856. The determination coefficient (R-square) of 0.749 or 74.9% suggests that 74.9 percent variation in building management efficiency can be explained by the implementation of BIM. This finding emphasizes the importance of using BIM to improve management effectiveness in building construction in the construction industry. The implications of this research provide a basis for encouraging the adoption of BIM as an effective tool in the management of construction projects.

Analyzing the Impact of Creative Self-Efficacy, Leadership Style, Locus of Control, and Organizational Culture on Innovative Work Behavior and Employee Performance

This research aims to explore the impact of various variables, including creative self-efficacy, leadership style, locus of control, organizational culture, innovative work behavior, and employee performance within a mining contractor company, named SIS. The research adopts a quantitative approach, and the sample consists of 111 respondents, specifically Production Group Leaders from SIS. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the SEM PLS program. The findings of the study reveal the following relationships: (1) Creative self-efficacy significantly and positively influences innovative work behavior, (2) Creative self-efficacy significantly and positively influences employee performance, (3) Leadership style significantly and positively influences innovative work behavior, (4) Leadership style significantly and positively influences employee performance, (5) Locus of control significantly and positively influences innovative work behavior, (6) Locus of control significantly and positively influences employee performance, (7) Organizational culture significantly and positively influences innovative work behavior, (8) Organizational culture significantly and positively influences employee performance, and (9) Innovative work behavior significantly and positively influences employee performance. These results provide valuable insights for the mining contractor industry, offering implications for enhancing creative self-efficacy, leadership styles, locus of control, organizational culture, innovative work behavior, and ultimately, employee performance.

Capabılıtıes of usıng UAVs to determıne forest road excavatıon volumes ın mountaınous areas

Decision support systems based on spatial data are widely used in some countries for planning production activitiesin forestry and designing forest roads. In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been playingan active role in the production of high resolution and accurate digital elevation models (DEMs) of forested areas.In the preparation of progress payments for forest road construction works, the workload is high, while the feethat has to be paid to the contractor company after the completion of the road construction is determined accordingto the final cost in the progress payment schedules. In this study, the applicability of UAV technology for determiningforest road cut volume and land classification was investigated. A 640-meter section of the forest roadcoded 001 of Taşlıyayla Forest Management Sub-Directorate (Bolu/Türkiye) was examined in the study. Flightswith an UAV (drone) were carried out in autonomous mode before and after the construction of the road examinedin the study. In addition, in order to determine the amount of cut, measurements of the geometric characteristicsof the road were made in the field after the road construction. As a result of the study, 2189 m³ cut volumewas found with the UAV data with an average error of 3 cm. According to the field measurement results, theamount of cut was determined as 2080 m³. A difference of +5% was found between the UAV data and the fieldmeasurement results. In addition, using the JavaScript coding language on the Google Earth Engine platform, soil(46%) and loose soil (54%) land classification was identified from the orthophoto images. The obtained resultsreveal the usability of UAVs in determining forest road volumes.

Determination of the Knowledge Level of the Technical Staff about Arbitration

Türkiye has become one of the world's leading countries in the construction sector in the international arena. Today, the use of FIDIC and similar standard contracts is increasing in Turkish contractor companies. In parallel with this situation, it also becomes more common to prefer arbitration in the settlement of disputes in the international construction sector. In the literature, there is no actual publication about the knowledge level of technical staff on arbitration. By taking this deficiency into consideration, the purpose of this study is to measure the awareness of the groups working in the construction sector about the possibility of applying to arbitration as a result of the disputes that they encounter, by measuring the arbitration knowledge level of the technical staff. Accordingly, an empirical field work was conducted with a total of 100 (one hundred) technical staff working in the public and private sector transportation projects in Istanbul. The data collection tool that was used in the research is a questionnaire developed by the researchers and consisting of 25 questions. In the survey analysis, the data were analyzed with the SPSS 28 package program. In the study, a reliability test was conducted for each statement and the Mann-Whitney U test was used. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that 84.4% of the participants do not follow up the actual developments in the field of arbitration in the world and in Türkiye, and do not have sufficient knowledge about arbitration. However, it has been determined that the arbitration knowledge level of the participants, who follow up the actual developments in the world and in Türkiye and have sufficient knowledge about arbitration, is high. In addition, it has been determined that 93.8% of the participants would like to participate an information training to be held on arbitration. To increase awareness about arbitration, it is necessary to introduce undergraduate-level arbitration courses for technical staff in engineering and architecture faculties at universities, and to organize periodic in-service training programs by the arbitration centers in our country.

Patterns of co-evolution: analyzing fashion brand and sewing contractor company dynamics

The purpose of this study is to identify the entry conditions that could form a co-evolutionary relationship between a sewing contractor company and a fashion brand, and reveal the outcome of such a relationship. In the Republic of Korea, many fashion brands and sewing companies coexist, and the situation in the fashion industry changes with the rapid development of the country, so it is a suitable environment for investigating their co-evolution strategies. A qualitative research methodology was used to examine the co-evolution process of the fashion brand and the sewing industry. In addition, an objective evaluation was conducted by using interviews with sewing contractor companies and fashion brands that have business relationships with the sewing contractor companies. The results indicated that sewing contractor companies evolve into either mass production or small production systems. In the co-evolutionary process, relational resources and business-to-business transaction suitability are the main entry conditions for sewing contractor companies to coevolve with fashion brands. Knowledge exchange, experience optimization, off-season ordering, and investment in trading companies were observed among sewing contractor companies that formed a co-evolutionary relationship with their fashion brand partners. This study identified and conceptualized factors that played a major role in the process of co-evolution and proved suitable for each production system of sewing contractor companies.

PERAN SOSIAL MEDIA MARKETING DALAM MENINGKATKAN MARKETING PERFORMANCE MELALUI PEMANFAATAN DIGITAL MARKETING CAPABILITIES PADA PERUSAHAAN KONSTRUKSI DI PROPINSI JAWA TENGAH

The aim of this research is to examine the role of social media marketing in creating a significant relationship between digital marketing capabilities and marketing performance in construction companies on the island of Java. The research method was carried out quantitatively by collecting data by distributing questionnaires via electronic forms and printed formats which were delivered directly to respondents where the respondents were directors who worked for contractor companies in Central Java province. The sampling technique was carried out purposively based on the criteria of directors who had worked for a minimum of five years at contractor companies in Central Java province. Based on these criteria, there are 225 company directors who have met these criteria. The data was analyzed using AMOS 22 statistical software. The research results showed that digital marketing capabilities had a positive and significant effect on social media marketing. Digital marketing capabilities do not have a positive and significant effect on marketing performance, and social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on marketing performance.

Analysis of the Level of Importance and Ease of Implementing Lean Construction in Building Construction Projects in Aceh Province, Indonesia

Lean construction is a construction implementation method that can minimize waste and maximize value. The problem is that there are still many contractor companies that adhere to conventional implementation methods. Lean construction has been introduced by the central government since 2016. This research aims to determine the level of importance and ease of implementation of lean construction on building construction projects in Aceh Province according to perceptions of the qualifications of small and non-small contractor companies partially and simultaneously. Draft Lean construction evaluated as many as 47 indicators. This research uses quantitative methods through questionnaires with a sample of 78 contractor company personnel. Technique sampling used proportionate stratified random sampling. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistics and importance-performance analysis (IPA). The research results show that in the application of lean construction, according to the perception of small contractor companies, there are 11 indicators that are considered important and not easy to implement. The application of lean construction according to the perception of non-small contractor companies, there are 6 indicators that are considered important and not easy to implement. The application of lean construction according to the perception of small and non-small contractor companies, there are 11 indicators that are considered important and not easy to implement. For small and non-small qualifying contractor companies to increase readiness for implementation of lean construction in building construction projects in Aceh Province, it is necessary to increase the readiness of the indicators included in quadrant A.