Energy Management Contract Research Articles

Building energy efficiency evaluation based on fusion weight method and grey clustering method

The renovation and evaluation of building energy-saving projects can provide important support for building an energy-saving society. The study proposes using the contract energy management model to analyze building energy-saving projects and construct an evaluation index system. We also innovatively integrated the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Entropy Weight Method to calculate the weights of indicators, in order to leverage the effective influence of subjective and objective factors. Finally, we used Grey Cluster Analysis to obtain the evaluation effect of building energy-saving projects. Through weight calculation and evaluation analysis, it was found that the energy-saving rates of year-end electricity consumption and air conditioning electricity consumption in buildings after energy-saving renovation were 59.80% and 54.95%, respectively. The overall effectiveness of energy-saving buildings was above 50%, indicating a significant energy-saving effect. In the indicator evaluation system, the weight results of energy-saving service company indicators were relatively high, with values of 0.52, 0.48, and 0.51, respectively. The transformation effect was relatively good. The building energy-saving cost and economic benefits obtained from a 65% energy-saving rate were 3 million yuan and 530,000 yuan, respectively, which were significantly better than the simulation results of other energy-saving rates. The contract energy management model based on the fusion weight method and grey clustering method has superiority, which is effective for evaluating building energy-saving projects. It also provides technical reference and scientific suggestions for building energy-saving renovation.

Blockchain-based concept for total site heat integration: A pinch-based smart contract energy management in industrial symbiosis

Industrial symbiosis has gained prominence in pursuing sustainable industrial practices, aiming to optimise resource utilisation and reduce environmental impacts. A critical aspect of this endeavour is the efficient management of energy resources within an industrial ecosystem. This paper presents a novel approach to enhance Total Site Heat Integration (TSHI) implementations by employing Blockchain as a facilitator for decentralised energy management. TSHI is an efficient and widely applied method for industrial symbiosis concerning energy flows, which employs the steam mains in site utility systems as the platform for exchanging heat between industrial processes at various temperature levels. It is shown that the synergy of Pinch Analysis and Smart Contract technologies is capable of facilitating energy integration of processes belonging to independent market actors, compared with the currently dominant integration inside a single company. The proposed framework leverages Blockchain as a distributed ledger to enable secure, transparent, and automated energy management across multiple industrial entities in an industrial symbiotic network. The integration of Pinch Analysis principles ensures that the Heat Integration process is optimised to improve the overall energy efficiency. Smart contracts enable automatic negotiation and execution of energy transactions based on predefined rules, minimising the time lag for concluding deals on energy resource exchange and conservation. This paper examines several scenarios to illustrate the implementation of the proposed Blockchain-based TSHI concept within an industrial symbiosis network. It is demonstrated that up to 16 % cost savings are possible by simply enabling transparency via Blockchain. The results could drive innovative development to revolutionise decentralised energy management in a complex industrial ecosystem, especially by synchronising energy exchanges in time.

Investment Strategy and Benefit Analysis of Power and Heat Hybrid Energy Storage in Industrial Parks Based on Energy Performance Contracting

To solve the problems of a single mode of energy supply and high energy cost in the park, the investment strategy of power and heat hybrid energy storage in the park based on contract energy management is proposed. Firstly, the concept of energy performance contracting (EPC) and the advantages and disadvantages of its main modes are analyzed, and the basic scheme of EPC for parks is proposed combined with the actual demand. Furthermore, the multiple energy storage model for power and heat storage in parks is established, which includes lithium batteries and heat storage tanks. Based on this, minimizing the annual operation cost of parks is taken as the optimization goal, and the capacity optimization model for power and heat storage is constructed, which considers the investment costs, operation and maintenance costs, purchased energy costs, peak-shaving subsidy, and environmental subsidy. Finally, an industrial park is selected as an example of EPC to verify the effectiveness of our proposed investment strategy. The results show that compared with the situation before the energy-saving renovation, the park can save 35.14 ten thousand CNY in annual cost expenses. When the unit power price of the lithium battery exceeds 3900 CNY/kW, the unit capacity price exceeds 5460 CNY/kWh, the unit power price of the heat storage tank (HST) exceeds 6000 CNY/kW, and the unit capacity price exceeds 1000 CNY/kWh, the configuration of the lithium battery and HST in the park is no longer the optimal choice to perform the energy-saving renovation.

Subsidy or not? How much government subsidy can improve performance level of energy-saving service company?

Contract energy management model is a new energy-saving mode based on single market mechanism. Due to its externality, the energy efficiency market cannot realize the optimal allocation of resources. Government energy-saving subsidy can solve the market failure of energy-saving service market and improve the performance level of energy-saving service company. However, due to the unbalanced support fields and single incentive tools in the government incentive policy, the incentive effect of the government subsidy policies for contract energy management projects is not satisfactory. Based on a two-stage dynamic decision-making model, this article analyzes the impact of different forms of government subsidy policies on the performance-level decision-making of energy service company, and draws the following conclusions: (1) The effect of the government's variable subsidy policy with payment conditions is better than the fixed subsidy policy without payment conditions. (2) Government incentive policy for contract energy management needs to be directed against different energy-saving fields. (3) The government should adopt different forms of incentive policies for energy-saving service companies with different energy-saving levels in the same energy-saving field. (4) When the government implements the variable subsidy policy with preset energy-saving target, each within a reasonable range, with the increase of which, the incentive effect on energy-saving service companies with lower energy-saving level decreases. When the subsidy policy has no incentive effect, it is more unfavorable for the energy-saving service companies which are below the average level of the industry.

Excess Benefit Allocation in Shared Savings Based on Non-cooperative Game Theory

Energy saving income distribution mode is of great significance to the energy industry. With the continuous application of new technologies, the problem of excess energy saving income distribution has become one of the obstacles to the appreciation of energy performance. At present, the distribution of risk and income is mainly based on the contribution of risk and income, which has some limitations. The benefit distribution of energy saving negotiation between energy saving service companies and clients can be regarded as a bargaining process where an effective range satisfying both parties can be obtained. This provides a new perspective in solving the problem of excess energy saving income distribution in energy management contract projects.

Research on the effect of Market Mechanism for Industrial Energy Conservation

Over the years, China’ s energy conservation practices has relied on government intervention, that is, the energy efficiency of enterprises has been improved by means of administrative orders and government regulation, but the endogenous power of energy conservation has not been effectively stimulated. Since the 12th Five-Year Plan period, with the improvement of enterprises’ understanding of energy conservation, the government has gradually faded out from its powerful position during the 11th Five-Year Plan period and more attention has been paid to enterprises’ dominant position in energy conservation. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC put forward that the market shall play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and the energy conservation shall give full play to the role of market mechanisms. Moreover, it also proposed to create a multi-benefit market environment, improve enterprises ’ enthusiasm in energy conservation, actually benefit the enterprises in energy conservation and make the energy conservation a conscious action of enterprises by promoting contract energy management system, carrying out carbon emissions permit trading, implementing power demand side management and using fair and transparent market means.

An EPC Contract Parameter Optimization Method Based on the Response Surface Method: A Case Study of a Metro in China

However, due to the many uncertain factors that affect contract parameters, a reasonable distribution of participants’ interests is necessary. To reasonably determine EPC contract parameters, this paper proposes a framework system based on geometric Brownian motion (GBM) and the response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize EPC contract parameters. First, GBM is used to simulate the energy prices, energy savings, energy-saving revenue allocation, etc. On this basis, the RSM is proposed to optimize multiple contract parameters and simultaneously and reasonably meet the interests of the contract participants. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the Wuhan Metro Line 2 lighting system renovation project. The results demonstrate that (a) the contract parameter optimization framework for the energy-saving transformation of contract energy management based on the GBM-RSM provides an effective method for optimizing the combination of EPC contract parameters. (b) The GBM-based method of quantitative simulation effectively expresses the uncertain factors in the energy-saving performance of the energy-saving transformation of energy management and provides reasonable data support for optimizing EPC contract parameters. (c) This study verifies that the established response surface optimization model of EPC contract parameters is an efficiently fit model.

Research on Accounting Recognition and Measurement Related to Energy Management Contract

The energy crisis of the 1970s prompted Western developed countries to explore ways to save energy by improving energy efficiency. The United States is the first to propose an energy management contract model that relies on market mechanisms to promote energy conservation. Its development has obvious bottom-up, market-driven economic characteristics. In the 1990s, the energy management contract mechanism was introduced into China, and its development has obvious top-down, policy-driven economic characteristics. Energy management contract is a relatively new business model. With the advancement of society, the form of energy management contract has gradually increased. At present, the accounting system for this type of business model has not been formed. Based on this situation, there are more and more problems in energy management contract. So far, China still lacks a unified accounting business accounting standard, and there have been many disputes in accounting practice. This has greatly affected the promotion and implementation of the new mechanism of domestic energy management contract, which inevitably has a certain impact on the development of the contract energy industry.

Fuel characteristics and explosiveness analysis of pulverized coal industrial boilers in China

Pulverized coal industrial boilers are widely used in China in recent years for high thermal efficiency and suitable for contract energy management, especially the in service amount is growing fast in regions like Shanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Tianjin, Liaoning, Hebei, etc. Considering the existing operational safety issues of pulverized coal fired industrial boiler, this article researched the relationship between fuel characteristics including calorific value, volatile, ash, moisture and powder explosion in order to explore and analysis in service pulverized coal industrial boilers explosiveness.

Business Models of Distributed Solar Photovoltaic Power of China: The Business Model Canvas Perspective

China is a world leader in the global solar photovoltaic industry, and has rapidly expanded its distributed solar photovoltaic (DSPV) power in recent years. However, China’s DSPV power is still in its infancy. As such, its business model is still in the exploratory stage, and faces many developmental obstacles. This paper summarizes and analyzes the main obstacles that China’s DSPV power is facing in its development, using a literature analysis methodology. Then, previous business models, such as host-owned, energy management contract (EMC), and third-party-owned (TPO), were studied using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) as an analytical tool. Moreover, the Lean Canvas (LC) method was used to further conduct a synthesis and comparative analysis with the three models, describing how and to what extent these models can overcome identified obstacles. Finally, the study highlighted the dominant position of EMC model.

Research on Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of Contract Energy Management Based on Grey Whitening Weight Function

As a large-scale central enterprise, power grid enterprises should promote contract energy management under the strict energy-saving situation. Based on the gray whitening weight function, this paper constructs a contract energy management evaluation system from three aspects: economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit. The expert scoring method is used to determine the weight of each index, and finally the comprehensive benefit of contract enterprise energy management is obtained. The results show that the contract energy management business has a huge driving effect on economic, social and environmental benefits. The value-added service of contract energy management has better comprehensive benefits. It can further promote contract energy management, improve China’s energy structure, and promote sustainable development.

Research on Energy Conservation Management Platform of Smart Grid Park

The energy conservation management platform of the park includes five parts: contract energy management, electric power substitution, new energy enterprises, local trading market, real-time monitoring of electricity consumption and enterprise energy efficiency analysis. It can help the enterprises improve the degree of mastery of their own electricity consumption while it can also improve the equipment of enterprises, offer new energy to enterprises, provide the electricity consumption guidance for the enterprises from all aspects, build demand response model, guide users to use the electricity scientifically, reduce the enterprise cost of electricity use, reduce the energy consumption of the enterprise effectively, improve the efficiency of energy use, guarantee the enterprise equipment to be operated safely, reliably, economically, promote energy conservation technology, energy efficiency improving technology, renewable energy technology development and application, and finally, promote the sustainable development of social energy conservation and emissions reduction at the same time.

Energy management contract with subsidy

This paper presents a theoretical study of the effects of subsidizing energy contracts. The major findings are as follows. First, under the pressure of competition, technology promotion of energy service companies (ESCOs) reduces the price of energy contracts, while improving both demand and energy conservation. Second, subsidies for energy contracts improve market demand, ESCOs' profits, and energy conservation. Finally, subsidies stimulate ESCOs' ability to innovate, whereas competition deters innovation.

Green Supply Chain Management: A New Market Approach for Climate Governance

Climate change has become a spot issue of the international community, and how to efficiently carry out international cooperation to deal with climate change is a serious problem to be solved. Actions on climate change launched by government have become a national consensus to various countries, while actions by private sectors, establishment and operation of relevant market mechanisms are also an important approach to address climate change through global cooperation. We have undertaken the construction of international or regional carbon market, clean energy quota market, Energy Management Contracting (EMC) and other market mechanisms, laying a solid foundation for further exploring market mechanism that enhances international climate governance, which also illustrates the significance of market mechanism to international community. New market mechanisms continue to be explored in market activities, and green supply chain management is one of them. Green supply chain management refers to the monitoring and management of impact on environment in the processes of acquisition, transportation, and storage of raw materials, distribution and utilization of products, and disposal of waste products while considering the impact of production processes on environment as well. Green supply chain management, as a market-based mean which balances climate environmental performance and economic benefits, will enable enterprises to include the influence of whole process of production on the climate and environment into decision-making process, launch green monitoring to the whole production cycle of product, so as to realize green and low-carbon development of enterprises. Green supply chain management not only has direct influence on enterprises to achieve greenhouse gas emission reduction, but also has positive meaning to industrial transformation and upgrading, high-end development of manufacturing industry, and promoting the construction of ecological civilization, which accords with economic and industrial development of China in the future, worth being explored and practiced as a new market mechanism.

Empirical Environment Construction Research of Developing EMC in Transportation Industry

This study aims to satisfy the energy management contract (EMC) work schedule of the Ministry of Transport (MOT). The paper first defines EMC together with its connotations to clarify its specific demands for the market environment, economic policy, law, and technology policy. Using New Structural Economics theory, this study investigates specific actions that would enable the MOT to popularize EMCs. EMC development goes hand in hand with the development of a market-oriented economy; therefore, proposing commercial behavior in the transport market becomes a priority. Industry management should therefore guide private enterprises’ EMC development in the light of its general trends. In terms of advancing the legal environment, the authors suggest implementation of a policy of “not-banned that in” and a diversified interest settlement mechanism to resolve interest disputes. In technical policy, the authors suggest drawing up “energy-saving projects verification and test guide for the transportation industry” and “energy-saving effects: Guidance for the transportation industry” to establish technological standards.

Energy Management Contracting - Research on the Development Pattern of Green Building

The article focused on practical application of EMC in the field of Green Building, especially analyzing obstacles in development of green buildings and the function produced by EMC.

Discussion on the Integrated Financing Mode of EMC and Carbon Trading

EMC (energy management contract) is a recognized energy-saving innovation pattern of technology, financing and management. But because of the consciousness problems, legal issues and policy oriented issues, EMC project has a series of problems. The financing difficulty is one of the main problems, which has seriously affected the sustainable development of energy service industry. Carbon trading is an arrangement of new carbon emission reduction system. If the EMC project is embedded into the carbon trading, it will realize the organic integration of contract energy management and carbon emission reduction. Not only can it make carbon trading market mechanism active, but also solve the bottleneck problem of EMC. This study attempts to construct financing mode of EMC and carbon emission combination to solve the difficult problem of financing contract energy and carbon trading inactive problem.

Risk Assessment Model Of Fuzzy CIM Based On Contract Energy Management Project

Risk Assessment Model Of Fuzzy CIM Based On Contract Energy Management Project

Research on the Risk-sharing Mechanism of Energy Management Contract Project in Building Sector

Research on the Risk-sharing Mechanism of Energy Management Contract Project in Building Sector

A Research on the Energy-Saving Operating Mode of Large-Scaled Public Building Based on Energy Management Contract in Shaanxi Province

The implementation of the mechanism of Energy Management Contract is of great significance in promoting the energy saving for buildings in China. Combining relevant contents in the Twelfth Five-year Plan of Shaanxi Province, this dissertation introduces the operating mode of the mechanism of EMC, analyses the main problems existing in the field of energy saving in large-scaled public buildings in Shaanxi Province, brings forward the innovative mode for developing market-oriented energy saving with Shaanxi Provincial characteristics based on EMC mechanism, and hopefully provides theoretical bases for the applications of EMC mechanism in the field of energy saving in large-scaled public buildings in our province.