Continuous Training Programs Research Articles

Enhancing palliative care for oncology patients: The effect of educational intervention on nurses competency and Attitude

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death so the need for palliative care has increased to enhance patient’s quality of life and alleviate suffering. Nurses level of competency and attitude about palliative care are important factors affecting quality of care applied for patients. Aim: Assess and evaluate the nurses' competency and attitude regarding palliative care of cancers patients. Design: Pre -experimental (one group pre/posttest) design. Sample: A convenient sample of all available nurses (120). Setting: The study was carried out in Aswan Oncology Institute. Tools: Tool I: A structured interview questionnaire for nurses to assess nurse’s knowledge regarding palliative care, tool II: Nurses' observational checklist to assess nurses’ practices related to palliative care and tool III: Nurses' attitude toward palliative care. Results: The total score of nurses' knowledges had improved from 51.8% to 75.9% pre/post the intervention, concerning nurses’ total practices ,39.3% of the studied nurses had competent level of practice pre the intervention which improved to (82.1%) post intervention. Hundred percent of the studied nurses had negative attitude pre-palliative care intervention, while post 43.8% had negative attitude. Conclusion: Palliative care training package had significant improvement in nurses' attitude and competencies. Recommendations: Continuous in-service training program should be conducted periodically in order to update nurses' knowledge and improve their competencies levels regarding palliative cares.

Societal Adaptation to Pandemic Challenges: Analysing the Role of Local Governance and Healthcare Systems in Madhya Pradesh

The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges, compelling communities globally to adapt rapidly to protect lives and maintain societal functions. This study examines the role of local governance and healthcare systems in Madhya Pradesh in addressing these challenges and fostering societal resilience. Drawing on quantitative data from government health agencies and qualitative insights from community feedback, this research explores how local governance structures facilitated public health response, resource allocation, and pandemic preparedness. Findings indicate that decentralized decision-making and robust healthcare infrastructure were instrumental in managing health crises, providing essential services, and supporting economic resilience at the grassroots level. Key results show that regions with stronger local governance exhibited a 30% lower infection rate compared to less governed areas, while areas with well-resourced healthcare systems saw a 20% higher recovery rate. Resource distribution, however, varied significantly, with urban areas receiving 60% more medical supplies than rural regions, creating disparities in healthcare access. Data analysis revealed that healthcare facilities that integrated digital solutions, such as telemedicine, were able to serve 45% more patients remotely, mitigating the risk of virus spread and reducing hospital overload. The study identifies the need for capacity-building initiatives, infrastructure strengthening, and data-driven decision-making to enhance future pandemic preparedness. Future prospects include continuous training programs for healthcare workers, increasing community awareness of health protocols, and leveraging technology for real-time data monitoring. These insights contribute to a comprehensive framework for building resilient healthcare systems in Madhya Pradesh, better prepared for future public health crises.

Unveiling the Gaps: Analyzing Family Physicians' Perspectives on Infectious Disease Notification in Türkiye.

This study aimed to assess the opinions, attitudes, and behaviors of family physicians in Türkiye regarding mandatory communicable disease notification. Cross-sectional study. A national online survey in Türkiye. This study was conducted among 397 family physicians from different geographical regions in Türkiye. Family physicians' opinions, attitudes, and behaviors regarding infectious disease notification. The majority of family physicians (69.3%) felt inadequate in terms of knowledge about the notification system and 70.3% desired post-graduation training on communicable disease reporting. About one-third of the participants were dissatisfied with the current notification system. Reasons for under-reporting included lack of time, lack of feedback, and uncertainty about post-notification procedures. Factors significantly associated with higher infectious disease notification attitude scores (IDNAS) were receiving training on communicable disease reporting, feeling competent about reporting, and being satisfied with the reporting system (P <.001). However, physicians who admitted choosing a different ICD code to avoid filling out an infectious disease notification form had lower IDNAS scores (P <.001). This study highlights knowledge gaps and negative attitudes among family physicians in Türkiye regarding infectious disease reporting. Addressing these challenges requires continuous education and training programs. Feedback mechanisms should be improved to enhance physicians' engagement in the notification process. Reducing the workload of family physicians and simplifying the reporting process may also contribute to higher compliance with mandatory communicable disease reporting.

Developing the faculty team in agriculture, forestry, and aquaculture through a competency-based approach: Insights and strategies for colleges in Vietnam

This paper explores the development of faculty teams in agriculture, forestry, and aquaculture in Vietnamese colleges by applying competency-based education. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study evaluates the competencies of 124 faculty members from eight institutions, focusing on their academic qualifications, teaching skills, technological proficiency, and research involvement. The findings highlight strengths in academic preparation but reveal significant gaps in the use of technology, research engagement, and collaboration with industry partners. These gaps emphasize the need for comprehensive faculty development strategies to align education with labor market demands. Key solutions proposed include establishing a competency framework specific to agriculture, forestry, and aquaculture education to guide curriculum and professional development. The study also recommends strategic workforce planning based on competencies to ensure the optimal distribution of teaching expertise. Furthermore, competency-based recruitment and utilization practices will help institutions select faculty best suited for teaching and research roles. Continuous training and professional development programs aligned with this framework are necessary to help faculty integrate new technologies and teaching methods. The study emphasizes the importance of performance evaluation systems to monitor and support faculty progress and institutional policies that foster a motivating and supportive work environment.

Moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training alleviate glycolipid metabolism through modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolite SCFAs in diabetic rats

Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders are typical of diabetic patients and are important factors leading to macrovascular and microvascular complications. The aim of this study was to understand the effects of different exercises on glycolipid metabolism in diabetic rats and the role of gut flora in metabolic maintenance. We measured glycolipid metabolic indices and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content and sequenced and analyzed gut microbes after 8 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs in type 2 diabetic rats(T2DM). We found that Enterococcaceae, Enterococcus, Subdoligranulum, Kurthia, Bacillales, and Planococcaceae may be key bacterial taxa related to T2DM and that both programs of exercise regulated the intestinal flora of rats with T2DM, improved their glycolipid metabolism, increased the abundance of SCFA-producing intestinal bacteria, and it was found that the PWY-5676 and P163-PWY pathways which are closely related to production of SCFAs were significantly upregulated in the exercise groups. Notably, MICT appeared to be more effective than HIIT in increasing the homogeneity of rat intestinal flora, enriching species, and increasing acetic acid and butyric acid content. These results suggest that exercise improves glycolipid metabolism in diabetic rats, which may be attributed to alterations in the structure of their intestinal flora.

Impact of Managerial Skills on Organizational Development: An Applied Study in the Regional Directorate of Transport and Communications of the Amazonas Region

This study analyzes the relationship between managerial skills and organizational development in the Regional Directorate of Transport and Communications of the Amazon Region during the year 2021. A quantitative approach with descriptive-correlational and non-experimental design was adopted, using a structured questionnaire applied to a sample of 72 workers. The results show that there is a low but significant positive evaluation between managerial skills (leadership, communication, decision making and motivation) and the dimensions of organizational development (planning, organization, integration and direction). The highest rating coefficient was Rho = 0.300, indicating a moderate relationship between managerial skills and overall organizational development. Although managerial skills influence process improvement and efficiency, other factors, such as organizational structure and available resources, also play a crucial role. It is concluded that it is essential to strengthen managerial competencies through continuous training programs and to improve internal processes in order to optimize organizational development in this public entity. Finally, it is suggested that other factors that may impact organizational development, such as technology and organizational culture, be explored in future studies.

Managing Disputes at the Grassroots: Experiences of Lupong Tagapamayapa Chiefs

Conflict and disagreement between members of a community can occur for a variety of reasons, including irreconcilable ideals and expectations, personality conflicts, misunderstanding, unequal power distribution, and moral or cultural differences, among others. Often, communities lack qualified professionals to successfully handle disputes or are ignorant of certain abilities and techniques. This study explored the lived experiences of Lupong Tagapamayapa Chiefs in resolving barangay conflicts in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental through a qualitative research method. The informants of this study were ten (10) Lupon Chiefs of the ten (10) most populated barangays in Bacolod City. All participants were subjected to an individual in-depth interview. The findings of this study are described in emergent themes. Four (4) emergent themes described the positive and negative experiences of the participants in resolving barangay conflicts. For the positive experiences, two (2) emergent themes were developed, namely: Fulfillment through Dispute Resolution and Mediator’s Commitment to Peacekeeping. For the negative experiences, two (2) emergent themes were also developed: Barriers to Mediation and Behavioral Issues of Antagonizing Parties. Meanwhile, two (2) emergent themes were formulated to explain how the participants address the challenges encountered in resolving barangay conflicts, namely: Establish Rapport between Disputing Parties and Dynamic Management of Disputes. Finally, two (2) emergent themes were created to express the aspirations of the participants to improve the quality of their duties: Continuous Training and Seminar on Dispute Resolution and Desire for Improved Mediation Skills. Based on the emergent themes identified, it is recommended to implement continuous training and professional development programs be implemented for Lupong Tagapamayapa members to enhance their mediation skills, communication techniques, and legal knowledge for more effective conflict resolution.

Effect of an Educational Training Program for Nurses Regarding Triage System Working Competency

Background: The term "triage" means sorting out. Medically, it's a process used to prioritize who needs emergency medical attention first, whether injured or sick people or disaster survivors. Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational training program for nurses regarding Triage System working competency. Design: Quasi experimental research design was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted at Ain-Shams Specialized Hospital. Subject: Consist of a convenience sample (50) of emergency nurses. Data collection: three tools were used in this study as 1st tool: Self-administered Questionnaire that consisted of two parts, part 1: nurses' demographic data, part 2: Self administrated sheet for nurses' knowledge about triage system. 2nd tool: Nurse's Observational checklist.3rd tool: Nurse's communication and interpersonal relationships Observation Checklist. Results: The majority of nursing personnel had good level of knowledge regarding triage system in post program and slightly decline at follow up as compared with preprogram phase and there were statistical significant differences between pre- training program implementation and immediately, as well 2 months post training program implementation among the studied nurses regarding total level of practice at P-value ≤ 0.05 also the majority of them had satisfactory level of communication skills practice post educational training program implementation. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was highly statistically significant positive correlation between total knowledge among the studied nurses and total nurse’s performance regarding triage system. Recommendations: Continuous training programs or sessions must emphasize on all aspects of triage system for nurses, increasing and applying for the triage training program, information and research findings should be disseminated online

NURSING KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING THE PREVENTION OF PRESSURE ULCER

Pressure ulcers are a significant concern in healthcare settings, particularly patients with limited mobility. Nurses play a critical role in preventing pressure ulcers through early identification and intervention. However, the effectiveness of preventive measures largely depends on nurses' knowledge and practices regarding pressure ulcer prevention. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of nurses working in tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan regarding the prevention of pressure ulcers. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 129 nurses at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included demographic variables, knowledge, and practice sections related to pressure ulcer prevention. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data, and inferential statistics were applied to analyse the associations between knowledge, practices, and demographic variables. Results: Most participants were female (86.8%) and between the ages of 26 and 30 (55.0%). Most nurses had 1-3 years of experience (79.8%), and 38% held a Bachelor of Science in Nursing. While 62.8% of the nurses correctly identified that pressure ulcers result from unrelieved pressure for more than three hours, only 42.6% consistently used a risk assessment scale for pressure ulcer prevention. Significant gaps in knowledge and practice were observed, particularly regarding implementing prevention strategies. Conclusion: The findings indicate that while nurses in tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan have a basic understanding of pressure ulcer prevention, there is a need for continuous education and training programs to improve their practical application of preventive measures. Targeted interventions, particularly in high-risk departments such as medical and ICU units, could significantly reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers in hospitalised patients.

Uncovering relationships between formal and informal learning: unveiling the mediating role of basic need satisfaction and challenge-seeking behavior

Purpose Most of the current literature investigates workplace-based formal and informal learning separately; thus, the relationship between these two types of learning remains unclear. This study aims to fill this research gap, drawing on self-determination theory to bridge teachers’ formal and informal learning and uncover the relationship between the two. Design/methodology/approach The participants of the study are 1,886 primary and secondary in-service teachers in China. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping are used to test the proposed model. Findings The study reveals complicated influencing mechanisms of formal learning on different types of informal learning among in-service teachers. Teachers’ basic psychological needs, satisfaction and challenge-seeking behavior are found to play crucial mediating roles in this process. Practical implications First, this study suggests that different configurations of intervention strategies should be formulated depending on the foci for improving teachers’ learning. Second, this study indicates that only highlighting the importance of reflection, which is the approach currently used, is not sufficient to improve teachers’ daily reflective practice. Third, there is an urgent need to design training programs to improve teachers’ abilities to purposefully expand their job boundaries, which could not only benefit teachers’ performance but also contribute to school improvement. For policymakers and school principals, we suggest that more attention be given to the satisfaction of teachers’ basic needs. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on workplace learning by connecting formal and informal learning and elucidating how teachers’ reported formal learning influences their informal learning activities via varied paths. The findings have implications for continuous professional development policy and training programs in the workplace.

Revisiting higher education: Identifying the support needs of fractional academic staff teaching online

Fractional, or part-time teachers, commonly referred to as 'tutors,' have long been integral to higher education worldwide. Today as more and more universities are switching their educational modes to online and hybrid teaching and learning, a consequence of post Covid-19, the necessity to hire more online fractional academic staff has become even greater. However, for decades their role is often neglected, and they frequently lack the support required to fulfil their teaching responsibilities effectively. In the context of Malaysia, to date very limited empirical finding is available that investigates the support needs of fractional academic staff teaching online. The study reported in this paper is part of a larger study on higher education professional development among adjunct faculty. Understanding the needs of one of the largest faculties can offer valuable insights for enhancing the quality of online education. The main purpose of the study was to explore the support needs of fractional academic staff teaching online as perceived by the tutors themselves. The study adopted a mixed-method research design, utilizing questionnaire for quantitative approach followed by focus-group discussion as the qualitative approach. To understand if tutors were significantly more interested in one form of support to another, a Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA analysis was used. As for data obtained through focus-group discussion, thematic analysis was applied to identify most important and least important topics. The findings of the study revealed that fractional staff teaching online required four support needs, namely, professional support which included continuous online training programmes and seminars, structured operations and organizations that provide well-defined job descriptions related to their teaching roles, better recognition for their valuable contributions as well as better facilities by providing equitable workspace facilities. This study has crucial implications that suggest a need for a more inclusive and supportive approach to managing and developing fractional academic staff, particularly those involved in online education.

446.2: The impact of a continuous training program in deceased donation rates of different countries: Transplant procurement management (TPM) effect.

446.2: The impact of a continuous training program in deceased donation rates of different countries: Transplant procurement management (TPM) effect.

The Effect of Teachers' Level of Self-Regulated Learning and Internet Self-Efficacy on Teaching Innovation in the Constructivist Curriculum

In the era of modern education, innovation in teaching is a crucial aspect for improving learning quality. This study aims to find out the extent to which Internet Self-Efficacy (ISE) of teachers affects learning innovation in the constructivist curriculum and the extent to which Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) affects teachers in making learning innovations in the constructivist curriculum. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach. Data was collected through a questionnaire filled out by 97 junior high school teachers in Central Java who implemented a constructivist curriculum. Based on the results of the regression analysis, it was found that in the condition that teachers have a high level of Internet self-efficacy, self-regulated learning (SRL) has a significant effect on the learning innovations that are carried out by teachers. Another condition is the influence of SRL with low teacher ISE on teacher learning innovation. In the condition of low self-efficacy levels, SRL indicators of metacognitive skills, time management, and environmental settings did not have a significant effect on teachers' learning innovation. These findings indicate that teachers with high levels of self-regulated learning (SRL) and internet self-efficacy tend to be more innovative in implementing teaching methods that are in accordance with the principles of constructivism. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of developing teachers' self-regulated learning (SRL) and internet self-efficacy skills through continuous training and professional development programs to improve the quality of teaching in constructivist curricula.

Challenges in the Quality of Malaria Case Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review

Malaria continues to be a parasitic disease that poses a persistent public health concern in countries of the Southern region. Despite the deployment of strategies aimed at its elimination by 2030, significant gaps still impede the achievement of this goal. A critical gap is the quality of case management. This article presents a narrative review specifically focusing on the quality of malaria case management in SubSaharan African countries. It delves into the complex challenges associated with managing this disease, encompassing aspects such as healthcare service organization, diagnosis, treatment, and patient follow-up. The article highlights underlying factors that hinder progress, including insufficient resources, inadequate skills, limited monitoring and evaluation capacities, lack of motivation and commitment among stakeholders, and challenges related to implementation and governance. It explores various initiatives to strengthen and enhance the quality of care, including continuous training programs, epidemiological and operational research endeavors, fostering a culture of quality, and promoting collaboration among stakeholders. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the importance of sustainable approaches at the country level to contribute to effective malaria elimination. It underscores the need for further exploration and implementation of strategies to achieve this crucial goal.

Versorgungsqualität und -sicherheit nach Implantation eines Linksherzunterstützungssystems: eine qualitative Studie zur Patient*innenperspektive auf relevante Versorgungsaspekte

IntroductionImplantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) requires extensive aftercare. It is largely unclear how aftercare should be designed from the patients’ perspective. Implications can be developed based on an examination of the healthcare context. Its main components are mapped on five tiers in the Human Factors of Home Health Care Model by Henriksen, Joseph, and Zayas-Caban (2009). Using this model, the present study explores the patient perspective on the context of healthcare after an LVAD implantation. MethodsWe employed a qualitative cross-sectional study, in which LVAD patients participated in semi-structured interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using content analysis. First, relevant meaning units were identified and deductively categorized into the model. Then, categories of care-related aspects were developed inductively within each of the model tiers. ResultsWe interviewed 18 patients aged 33 to 78 years who had been living with the LVAD between a few weeks and more than 10 years. Twenty-eight categories related to care aspects were developed within the model tiers: 3 categories on patient characteristics (e.g., self-management skills), 3 on caregiver characteristics (e.g., professionalism), 11 healthcare-related tasks and requirements (e.g., wound management), 8 on factors of the physical environment (e.g., controllability), medical devices and technologies (e.g., carrying systems for external components), and cultural, social and community environment (e.g., interaction with peers), as well as 3 on external environmental factors (e.g., healthcare infrastructure). DiscussionThe present study represents the first investigation focusing on aspects of the healthcare context influencing healthcare quality and safety from the perspective of LVAD patients in Germany. LVAD aftercare covers a broad and complex range of tasks. For this, patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals need specific knowledge, which is lacking in various respects. In the first place, this is compensated by the patients’ own initiative and the personal care provided by the VAD outpatient clinics. ConclusionThree key recommendations to optimize aftercare from the patient perspective are derived: Patients would benefit from a more flexible and decentralized aftercare concept, to which telemedicine could contribute. LVAD-specific expertise among general healthcare providers is perceived as insufficient by patients and could be strengthened through training and counseling services. The broad scope of tasks and the high level of responsibilities in LVAD aftercare pose challenges for patients and their families, which could be addressed through continuous information and training programs.

Effects of CEO Tenure and Education on Corporate Social and Environmental Performance: Evidence from Listed Firms on Namibia Stock Exchange

Given the increasing focus on sustainability and corporate responsibility, it is essential to comprehend the influence of CEO characteristics on the accomplishment of a company. The main objective of this research is to investigate the correlation between the length of time a CEO serves in their position, their level of education, company corporate social performance, and environmental performance. The study utilized a descriptive research design, employing a quantitative method by conducting a cross-sectional survey. The study sample comprised Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) from 52 publicly traded businesses, and the analysis was based on 39 collected responses. With the help of SPSS, a multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of CEO term of office and education on business social performance and environmental performance. The results indicate that CEO tenure has a favorable and substantial influence on environmental performance, whereas CEO education substantially influences corporate social performance. The results offer useful insights into the complex correlation between CEO characteristics and sustainability success. We propose policymakers to implement restrictions or recommendations for the length of time a CEO can hold their position and their educational qualifications. This will help ensure the efficient management of social and environmental responsibilities. Moreover, providing incentives for CEOs and high-level executives to participate in continuous education and training programs could boost their comprehension of social and environmental matters, ultimately leading to the implementation of enhanced sustainability practices within organizations.

A Literature Review of Maternal Mortality in the Countryside. What are the Policies and Prevention?

Maternal mortality in rural areas is still high and is a health problem that is a priority for intervention and policy. Various studies have been conducted to create a prevention model and various policies implemented in several countries have been carried out to deal with maternal mortality in rural areas. This study aims to determine the policies and models or concepts of preventing maternal mortality in rural areas. This study is a literature review using the Scopus database. The strategy in finding articles uses PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study design). 6 articles that fit the criteria and are relevant to the research objectives. Policy and prevention of maternal mortality in rural areas: (1) Fulfillment of health workers, (2) Fulfillment of health facilities, (3) Maternity waiting homes, (4) Community-based continuous training programmes, (5) HEP (Health Extension Program) and HDA (Health Development Army) policies, (6) Health Insurance. The findings of this study indicate that some of the policies and prevention models implemented were successful in reducing maternal mortality in rural areas, so policies and models for preventing maternal mortality can be applied in rural areas.

Demographic status and training needs of aesthetic plastic surgeons in government and private hospitals: evidence from Guangdong, China

Purpose: This study aims to survey the demographic status of aesthetic plastic surgeons in an economically developed region and to investigate their continuing training needs in contents, training methods, and barriers in private and government hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with a self-administered questionnaire was conducted from January to December, 2022 in Guangdong, China. In-depth interviews were conducted with key informants to gain insights on the current demographic status. Demographic data and training needs assessment were collected and compared with the chi-square test, Fisher’s test, Mann-Whitney U-test using R software. Results: The disparity of surgeons’ demographic data between private and government hospitals was small. Over 60% of practicing aesthetic plastic surgeons transferred from other specialties, and one third of them had less than three years of working experience. Half of surgeons attended training less than three times with an affordable expense of 1000-5000RMB. Almost 80% of them had strong willingness to attend a continuing training program. They prefer to attend further study in a tertiary hospital, with a short topic-focused training course and operation demonstrations. Their favorable training contents were rhinoplasty, eye surgery, and new technologies. Our questionnaire survey revealed the likelihood that the surgeons had a graduate degree in government hospitals outweighed those in private hospitals (P&lt;0.05). Results also showed that the government hospitals focused more on repair and reconstructive surgery and academic research, whereas, private hospitals focused on market needs and were more profit-driven, where the organizational needs had influence on their different training needs for aesthetic plastic surgeons. Conclusion: It would be favorable to take the demographic status of aesthetic plastic surgeons and organizational needs into consideration in designing a continuing training program in plastic surgery.

Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Pelatihan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan CV. Wahyu Artha Technic

Human Resources (HR) is a crucial asset for every organization, including CV Wahyu Artha Technic. Effective HR management through good leadership and proper training is essential to achieve company goals. This study aims to explore the relationship between leadership style and job training on employee performance at CV. Wahyu Artha Technic, West Java. Data were obtained through questionnaires completed by 65 respondents in May 2024, with a 100% response rate. The results showed that participative leadership style and timely job training have a positive and significant influence on employee performance. Sales data shows fluctuations from year to year, which is closely related to the lack of training and ineffective leadership style. A survey of respondents showed that employee performance can be improved through opportunities provided by leadership to convey feedback and complaints. Training that is relevant to operational needs and technological developments is proven to improve employee competence and productivity. The conclusion of this study is that good leadership style and structured job training significantly improve employee performance at CV. Wahyu Artha Technic. The recommendations of this study include the importance of effective communication between management and employees as well as the development of continuous training programs to maintain employee competence and motivation. Implementation of these strategies is expected to optimize overall organizational performance.

Analisis Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Usaha Kecil Pertanian

This study aims to analyze human resources in small agricultural enterprises, focusing on identifying factors that influence productivity and business sustainability. The research subjects are small-scale farmers in the Garuda 12 Women's Farming Group in Cipayung, Ciputat, South Tangerang, who own less than 200 m² of agricultural land. The research method used is a qualitative approach involving in-depth interviews and participatory observations. Data were collected from 30 members of the Garuda 12 Women's Farming Group in Cipayung, Ciputat, South Tangerang, using purposive sampling to ensure the selected respondents have high relevance to the research topic. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify main themes related to human resources. The results indicate that technical skills, access to training, and time management are key factors influencing the productivity of small-scale farmers. Additionally, support from government and non-governmental organizations in the form of extension services and technical assistance also plays a significant role in improving human resource quality. However, limited capital and access to modern technology remain major challenges. The implications of this research suggest that enhancing human resource quality can be achieved through continuous training programs and better access to resources and technology. This study contributes to the understanding of the importance of human resource development in small agricultural enterprises and can serve as a basis for designing more effective policies to support small-scale farmers