Continuous Low-dose Aspirin Research Articles

Safety of Continuous Low-dose Aspirin Therapy for Lumbar Decompression Alone

Safety of Continuous Low-dose Aspirin Therapy for Lumbar Decompression Alone

Safety and Clinical Results of Continuous Low-Dose Aspirin in Microendoscopic Laminectomy.

It remains controversial whether it is better to continue oral low-dose aspirin (LDA) during the perioperative period in spinal surgery. This study aims to evaluate the safety of continued LDA administration in the perioperative periods of microendoscopic laminectomy (MEL) by assessing perioperative complications and clinical outcomes. We ultimately included 88 patients (35 males, 53 females) who underwent one level of MEL for lumbar spinal canal stenosis from April 2016 to March 2022. Patients who did not undergo anticoagulation therapy were classified into Group A (65 patients), those who stopped anticoagulation therapy at the perioperative periods were classified into Group B (9 patients), and those who continued oral administration of LDA throughout the perioperative periods were classified into Group C (14 patients). Surgery time, intraoperative estimate blood loss (EBL), differences between hemoglobin (Hb) and platelet (Plt) before and after surgery, perioperative complications, and cross-sectional area of hematoma and dural sac on MRI taken within 1 week and at 6 months or more after surgery were assessed between three groups. The EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) were also evaluated as the clinical outcomes. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in operation time, intraoperative EBL, differences between Hb and Plt before and after surgery, and cross-sectional area of hematoma and dural sac on MRI. A case of hematoma removal was confirmed in Group A. There was also no statistically significant difference between the three groups in EQ-5D, ODI, and each domain of JOABPEQ. The continuation of LDA throughout the perioperative periods did not affect perioperative complications and clinical outcomes of one-level MEL. In MEL, it might be possible to continue oral administration of LDA throughout the perioperative periods.

Safety of Continuous Low-Dose Aspirin Therapy for Cervical Laminoplasty.

Introduction More spinal surgeries are being performed in patients taking low-dose aspirin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ischemic disease. However, there are no recommended guidelines for perioperative aspirin use in patients undergoing spinal surgery. This study evaluated the perioperative effect of continued low-dose aspirin on cervical laminoplasty. Methods This was a single-institute retrospective study of patients who underwent laminoplasty at the C2/3 to C7/T1 levels for cervical compression lesions. The comparison of 73 patients who continued to take aspirin at 100 mg/day during the perioperative period and 322 patients who took no antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs examined their patient characteristics, perioperative parameters, and perioperative complications. Results A significantly higher proportion of patients with aspirin were men, and the mean age was significantly higher in patients with than without aspirin (P=0.011 and P<0.001, respectively). The preoperative hemoglobin level was significantly lower in patients with than without aspirin (P=0.033). The number of disk decompression levels, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative drainage volume were not significantly different between patients with and without aspirin. Reoperation for epidural hematoma formation was also not significantly different between patients with and without aspirin. Perioperative blood transfusions were performed in 1 of 73 patients with aspirin and 0 of 322 patients without aspirin, with no significant difference (P=0.185). No cardiovascular or cerebrovascular ischemic events occurred in either group. Conclusions Continuing low-dose aspirin therapy during a perioperative period for cervical laminoplasty did not increase perioperative bleeding or the risk of bleeding-related complications. Therefore, continuing low-dose aspirin may be acceptable for patients undergoing cervical laminoplasty to prevent increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents due to aspirin withdrawal.

Feasibility of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection with continuous low-dose aspirin for patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy.

BACKGROUNDEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric neoplasms during continuous low-dose aspirin (LDA) administration is generally acceptable according to recent guidelines. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the effect of continuous LDA on the postoperative bleeding after gastric ESD in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).AIMTo investigate the feasibility of gastric ESD with continuous LDA in patients with DAPT.METHODSA total of 597 patients with gastric neoplasms treated with ESD between January 2010 and June 2017 were enrolled. The patients were categorized according to type of antiplatelet therapy (APT).RESULTSThe postoperative bleeding rate was 6.9% (41/597) in all patients. Patients were divided into the following two groups: no APT (n = 443) and APT (n = 154). APT included single-LDA (n = 95) and DAPT (LDA plus clopidogrel, n = 59) subgroups. In the single-LDA and DAPT subgroups, 56 and 39 patients were received continuous LDA, respectively. The bleeding rate with continuous single-LDA (10.7%) was similar to that with discontinuous single-LDA (10.3%) (P > 0.99). Although the bleeding rate with continuous LDA in patients receiving DAPT (23.1%) was higher than that with discontinuous LDA in patients receiving DAPT (5.0%), no significant difference was observed (P = 0.141).CONCLUSIONThe bleeding rate with continuous LDA in patients receiving DAPT was not statistically different from that with discontinuous LDA in patients receiving DAPT. Therefore, continuous LDA administration may be acceptable for ESD in patients receiving DAPT, although patients should be carefully monitored for possible bleeding.

Risk factors for small-bowel mucosal breaks in chronic low-dose aspirin users: data from a prospective multicenter capsule endoscopy registry

To develop appropriate management strategies for patients who take low-dose aspirin, it is important to identify the risk factors for GI injury. However, few studies have described the risk factors for small-bowel injury in these patients. To investigate factors influencing the risk of small-bowel mucosal breaks in individuals taking continuous low-dose aspirin. Capsule endoscopy data were collected prospectively from 5 institutions. Yokohama City University Hospital and 4 other hospitals. A total of 205 patients receiving treatment with low-dose aspirin for over 3 months. Colonoscopic and upper GI endoscopy had been performed in all of the patients before the capsule endoscope evaluation. Risk factors for small-bowel mucosal breaks. Of the 198 patients (141 male; mean age 71.9 years) included in the final analysis, 114 (57.6%) had at least 1 mucosal break. Multivariate analysis identified protein pump inhibitor (PPI) use (OR 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-3.97) and use of enteric-coated aspirin (OR 4.05; 95% CI, 1.49-11.0) as independent risk factors for the presence of mucosal breaks. Cross-sectional study. PPI use appears to increase the risk of small-bowel injury in patients who take continuous low-dose aspirin. Clinicians should be aware of this effect of PPIs; new strategies are needed to treat aspirin-induced gastroenteropathy.

Continuous Low-Dose Aspirin Therapy in Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Does Not Increase Risk of Surgical Hemorrhage

Withdrawal of oral antiplatelet therapy (OAT) is a major risk factor for stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and cerebral strokes. In order to minimize the risk for thrombotic complications, since 2007 robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) has taken place under continuous OAT with aspirin at our institution. In this retrospective study we analyzed the risk for perioperative bleeding and surgical outcome after RARP with OAT. All patients who underwent RARP with aspirin OAT at our institution since 2007 were included in this analysis. The OAT group was compared with a group that underwent RARP without OAT, which contained twice the number of patients. Matching of the two groups was performed with regard to the tumor stage and whether a lymph node dissection or nerve-sparing was performed. Thirty-eight patients were assigned to the OAT group and 76 to the control group. A difference in the decrease of postoperative hemoglobin concentration was not detectable between the two groups (mean drop of 2.9±1.4 g/dL and 2.9±1.1 g/dL, respectively; P=.93). RARP was completed in all OAT patients without conversion to open surgery. Two of the 38 patients (5.3%) in the OAT group and none in the control group required blood transfusions (P=.11). Equivalent rates of positive surgical margins for pT2 tumors were detected (16% OAT versus 14% control group; P=1.0). No adverse cardiovascular events occurred in either group during the hospitalization. Continued perioperative OAT with aspirin in RARP is safe, feasible, and not associated with increased blood loss.

Aspirin treatment and risk of first incident cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study from the Swedish National Diabetes Register

ObjectivesTo investigate the benefits and risks associated with aspirin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and no previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) in clinical practice.DesignPopulation-based cohort study between 2005 and...

Prediction of time-dependent interaction of aspirin with ibuprofen using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model

Low-dose aspirin is widely used for prevention of thrombosis, but combined use of aspirin with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, reduces the antiplatelet effect of aspirin. However, there has been no report describing the effects of the timing of the ibuprofen dose on the degree of interaction between low-dose aspirin and ibuprofen. The purpose of this study was to predict the time-course of the antiplatelet effect of low-dose aspirin when ibuprofen is administered as a single dose or repeatedly in combination with aspirin at various time intervals. We simulated ex vivo platelet aggregation using a previously developed pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) model. The antiplatelet effect of low-dose aspirin (81 mg) was predicted to be markedly reduced when ibuprofen (200 mg; the usual prescribed dose in Japan) was administered 1 h or less after aspirin, but not when it was administered more than 2 h after the administration of aspirin. Moreover, the administration of ibuprofen up to 12 h before aspirin completely abrogated the antiplatelet effect of aspirin. When ibuprofen (200 mg) was administered three times daily for 3 days (day 1 to day 3) on a background of continuous low-dose aspirin (81 mg) once daily, 2 h after aspirin, no reduction in the antiplatelet effect of aspirin was predicted on day 1, but a reduction is predicted from day 2, with no return to the initial level until more than 3 days after discontinuation of ibuprofen. A marked reduction in the antiplatelet effect of aspirin was also seen on the same schedule when the dosage of ibuprofen was 150 mg, which is the dose used in over-the-counter (OTC) preparations. This study indicates that the antiplatelet effect of low-dose aspirin can be markedly reduced with combined use of ibuprofen, depending on the timing of co-administration. As even the lower OTC dose of ibuprofen (150 mg) was enough to affect the antiplatelet effect of aspirin, health professionals should take into account patients' use of OTC ibuprofen when prescribing low-dose aspirin.

Transdermal modification of platelet function. A dermal aspirin preparation selectively inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase and preserves prostacyclin biosynthesis.

Even low doses of oral aspirin inhibit prostacyclin (prostaglandin [PG] I2) formation and cause gastrointestinal toxicity. We examined the skin as a novel route for continuous low-dose aspirin administration and selective inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase in humans. Aspirin 250 or 750 mg/d for 10 days induced a dose-dependent inhibition of serum thromboxane (TX) B2. At the highest dose, five of six subjects responded, with a mean reduction in serum TXB2 of 95 +/- 3% (P = .003). Urinary 2,3-dinor TXB2, an index of in vivo TXA2 formation, decreased by 68 +/- 7% and recovered slowly, consistent with inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase in vivo. In contrast, PGI2 biosynthesis, determined as excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF1 alpha, was 81 +/- 5% of baseline at 10 days. Intravenous bradykinin increased PGI2 biosynthesis 5.1 +/- 1.6-fold (n = 4) before aspirin treatment. Oral aspirin 75 mg/d for 14 days abolished bradykinin-induced PGI2 formation, whereas dermal aspirin 750 mg/d had no effect despite similar inhibition of TXA2 biosynthesis. In five subjects, plasma aspirin and salicylate were determined after a single application of 750 mg. Aspirin was absorbed slowly, with peak levels of 0.24 +/- 0.11 micrograms/mL at 3 hours. Salicylate levels peaked at 6 to 12 hours, with plasma levels of 0.79 +/- 0.14 micrograms/mL. Thus, it is possible to achieve selective inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase by aspirin applied to the skin. This approach may be applicable to other antiplatelet agents and be useful in patients at risk for gastrointestinal bleeding or toxicity.