Continuous In-service Training Research Articles

Enhancing palliative care for oncology patients: The effect of educational intervention on nurses competency and Attitude

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death so the need for palliative care has increased to enhance patient’s quality of life and alleviate suffering. Nurses level of competency and attitude about palliative care are important factors affecting quality of care applied for patients. Aim: Assess and evaluate the nurses' competency and attitude regarding palliative care of cancers patients. Design: Pre -experimental (one group pre/posttest) design. Sample: A convenient sample of all available nurses (120). Setting: The study was carried out in Aswan Oncology Institute. Tools: Tool I: A structured interview questionnaire for nurses to assess nurse’s knowledge regarding palliative care, tool II: Nurses' observational checklist to assess nurses’ practices related to palliative care and tool III: Nurses' attitude toward palliative care. Results: The total score of nurses' knowledges had improved from 51.8% to 75.9% pre/post the intervention, concerning nurses’ total practices ,39.3% of the studied nurses had competent level of practice pre the intervention which improved to (82.1%) post intervention. Hundred percent of the studied nurses had negative attitude pre-palliative care intervention, while post 43.8% had negative attitude. Conclusion: Palliative care training package had significant improvement in nurses' attitude and competencies. Recommendations: Continuous in-service training program should be conducted periodically in order to update nurses' knowledge and improve their competencies levels regarding palliative cares.

The Effect of Parental Presence on The Anxiety Level of Nurses During Intravenous Interventions in Children

<b>Aim:</b> The present study employed an analytical, cross-sectional, and pretest-posttest design to assess the impact of parental presence on the anxiety levels of nurses during intravenous interventions in pediatric patients.  <br /> <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The research was conducted in a public hospital in Istanbul between 01 September and 30 December 2021. The population of the research consisted of nurses working in the pediatric clinic of the hospital (N = 70),  and the sample consisted of 50 nurses who met the research criteria and agreed to participate in the research. Data were obtained through an information form and a state-trait anxiety inventory. Participants were first asked to fill out the information form and the trait anxiety inventory. The research was carried out in two phases with the same sample group. In the first phase, nurses were asked to fill out the state anxiety inventory immediately after intravenous interventions were administered to children while their parents were with their children. In the second phase, after a period of 15 days, a state anxiety inventory was applied to the nurses with the same sample group immediately after the intravenous interventions, without the participation of the family. The SPSS 26 package statistical program was used to evaluate the data.<br /> <b>Result and Conclusion:</b> It was determined that the mean trait anxiety scores of the participants were at a medium level and that the mean state anxiety scores of the nurses were statistically significantly higher (p<0.001) in the interventions in which the parents were included in the process compared to the interventions in which the parents were not included in the process. Continuous in-service training can be recommended for pediatric nurses to adopt family-centered care.

Assessment of knowledge of blood transfusion and its associated factors among nurses and midwives at public hospitals in Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study

BackgroundNurses and midwives administer blood to the patient, however, the status of knowledge of nurses and midwives to deliver safe blood transfusions in the current setting needs to be investigated. ObjectiveTo assess knowledge of blood transfusion and its associated factors among nurses, and midwives at public hospitals in West Shoa, Ethiopia, 2021. MethodAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 278 randomly selected nurses and midwives working in public hospitals of West Shoa from August 1 to 30, 2021. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate knowledge of blood transfusion of nurses and midwives. Finally, data were entered into Epi-data v.3.1 and transferred to SPSS v.26 for analysis. Bivariate logistic analysis was performed, and variables with a p-value of <0.25 were included in the multivariable regression analysis. Statistical significance was determined at a P value of <0.05 with an adjusted odd ratio. Result267 participants took part in the study, achieving a 96 % response rate, and about (57.3 %) of participants had inadequate knowledge of blood transfusion. Work experience (AOR = 2.51, 95 % CI: 1.04, 6.08), guidelines available in the ward (AOR = 2.75, 95 % CI: 1.50, 5.01), and reading guidelines (AOR = 5.43, 95 % CI: 2.91, 10.16) were significant association with knowledge of blood transfusion. ConclusionOver half of nurses and midwives had inadequate knowledge of the appropriate blood transfusion. Work experience, availability of blood transfusion guidelines in the ward, and reading guidelines were significant associations with knowledge. Provide continuous in-service training, and educational programs to enhance participants' knowledge of blood transfusion.

Exploring High School Economics Teachers’ Curriculum Implementation Practices: A Case of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa

This empirical study explored high school Economics teachers’ curriculum implementation practices in South Africa. The research focused on a sample of three Economics teachers purposefully selected from three schools in the Northern Cape province. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Mediated Learning Experience (MLE) and adopting a qualitative approach, the study employed a case study design.To get insight on the Economics teachers’ curriculum practices, semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis were used to generate data from the selected high school Economics teachers. Braun and Clarke’s six steps of thematic analysis were followed in analysing the triangulated data. The study findings indicate that some Economics teachers’ practices on instructional planning, selection of resources, feedback, and reflective practices promoted meaningful learning. The study concludes that although there are pockets of effective curriculum implementation practices by Economics teachers, there is a need to continue with in-service teacher training to enhance the teachers’ curriculum implementation practices. The study recommends that Economics teachers should form Professional Learning Communities where they learn and share good practices to provide teachers with continuous in-service training on how to plan lessons that cater for diverse learners’ needs. This study contributes to the scholarship by providing insights into how teachers’ curriculum practices can be enhanced both at pre-service and in-service levels to improve teacher effectiveness and efficiency. Furthermore, the study forms the basis on which further research on Economics teachers’ curriculum implementation practices on a more representative scale can be conducted. Keywords: Economics Education, Curriculum Implementation, Learner-centred Practices, Mediated Learning Experience

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards COVID-19 Infection among Oral Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Dental Hospital in Sri Lanka

Oral healthcare workers are at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 due to the nature of their work. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among all categories of oral healthcare workers (OHCWs) at a tertiary dental hospital in Sri Lanka. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted towards the end of COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022. A self-administered questionnaire was used as the study instrument. The knowledge, attitudes and practices were categorised as poor- &lt;60%, moderate- 61-80%, excellent -&gt;80% according to the score. The mean knowledge score, attitude score and practice score of OHCWs regarding COVID-19 infection was 6.7 (SD1.5), 35.5 (SD 3.7), and 13.6 (SD 2.8) respectively. Only 6.4% of the participants had excellent level of knowledge and it was significantly associated with the sex, OHCW category, and having children less than 10 years. Only 1.7% of participants exhibited excellent attitudes, and 75.5% of participants showed excellent practices. The practice score was significantly associated with sex, OHCW category, and marital status. OHCWs in a tertiary dental hospital, Sri Lanka had a moderate level of knowledge and attitude but excellent practices towards the COVID-19 infection. Continuous in-service training programs should be conducted among all OHCWs to improve the level of knowledge and attitudes as well as to maintain good practices for any future pandemic situations. Keywords Oral healthcare worker, Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, COVID-19, Sri Lanka

Exploring school support stakeholders’ perceptions in identifying learning barriers: the case study of selected rural schools in the Eastern Cape

Identification of learning barriers is a critical issue for support provision in inclusive classes, as it informs individualised support plans for each learner who experiences barriers to learning. However, the school support stakeholders in Quintile 1 rural schools in South Africa face challenges in identifying learning barriers experienced by learners in their classes. Quintile 1 is a socially based ranking given to schools in poverty-stricken communities where most people are unemployed. This study focuses on identifying the perceptions of school support stakeholders in the identification of learning barriers in Quintile 1 rural schools. In this qualitative research study, a multiple case study design was used and 15 participants from three categories (teachers, principals, and school-based support team coordinators) were purposively sampled from three secondary and two primary rural schools due to the different roles expected from each category in the identification of learning barriers. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. The findings revealed insufficient knowledge about the identification of learning barriers; lack of support in identifying learning barriers; lack of continuous in-service training on inclusive practices and education policies as barriers to the identification of learning barriers, which led teachers to perceive their roles in identifying learning barriers in a negative way. In general, this article contributes to understanding the complexities surrounding the identification of learning barriers for support provision in rural settings. It highlights areas for improvement in inclusive practices and supports structures to enhance the inclusivity and effectiveness of rural education systems.

Effect of Training Program on Emotional Intelligence of Nurses Caring for Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Context: Nurses are the cornerstone of the health care systems, and their work is associated with great pressure, and nurses are often overwhelmed. Emotional intelligence and its significance to nursing have been increasingly emphasized throughout the last few years. Emotional intelligence comprises a deposit of interrelated skills involving a capability to appraise one's emotions and those of others, utilization and regulation of one's emotions, and social skills.&#x0D; This study aimed to evaluate the effect of training program on the emotional intelligence of nurses caring for patients with Alzheimer's.&#x0D; Methods: A quasi-experimental (pre/post-test) design was used. The study was conducted at the geriatric units of Ain Shams University Hospitals and the geriatric department of Abassia Hospital, affiliated with the Ministry of Health. A study employs convenience sampling with a total number of 70 nursing staff who are working in the mentioned setting. Tools used for data collection were a self-administered questionnaire including two parts; part one concerned with sociodemographic characteristics of the studied nurses, and part two included the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) to assess emotional intelligence in managing the workplace.&#x0D; Results: The current study reveals that pre-program, 5.7% of the studied nurses have a high level of EI scores compared to about one quarter (22.9%) of the studied nurses who had a high level at post implementation of the program and increased to less than three quarters (71.4%) at follow up the program with a highly statistically significant difference between the levels of nurses’ emotional intelligence (p&lt;0.001) comparing between pre-intervention and follow-up.&#x0D; Conclusion: Emotional intelligence training program positively improves emotional intelligence levels among nurses caring for patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The study recommended that hospitals provide continuous in-service training, education, and awareness programs for nursing staff to enhance their skills regarding emotional intelligence. Nursing emotional intelligence skills should be included in undergraduate and postgraduate nursing curricula.

PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF EDUCATING A DEAF-BLIND STUDENT IN A UNIVERSITY IN GHANA

This study explored the challenges and prospects of educating a deaf-blind student in a public university in Ghana. The study utilised an exploratory qualitative research design based on interviews and observation to explore how the deaf-blind learner navigated university life. The study found that the challenges experienced by all stakeholders included a lack of knowledge and understanding about deaf-blindness, communication challenges, inadequate preparation of educators/teachers and resource persons, lack of support structures for all stakeholders, and the time-consuming nature needed to educate the deaf-blind learner. The study recommends continuous in-service training on basic knowledge of deaf-blindness, instructional and socially inclusive strategies, and communication modes for deaf-blind learners for all stakeholders. A collaborative team approach to delivering training and inclusive education that involves all stakeholders is necessary. The study concludes that if lecturers of learners who are deaf-blind are provided with the necessary training on the skills and knowledge of facilitating communication with their students, this would, in turn, contribute positively towards teaching and learning.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0662/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Views of agricultural science teachers on in-service training needs in the Zambezi region, Namibia

In-service teacher training programs offer opportunities for teachers in both public and private schools to enhance their professional skills, particularly in the areas of required teaching skills, supplementary subject content knowledge, and teaching pedagogy. The lack of availability of in-service teacher training programs for teachers within the education system has undesirable consequences, particularly regarding the delivery of quality education to learners in public and private schools in the Zambezi region, Namibia. This paper discusses the perspectives of Agricultural science teachers on the need for in-service teacher training. To achieve the objectives of this paper, crucial data were collected from Agricultural science teachers in the Zambezi region through face-to-face interviews. Twelve Agricultural science teachers (comprising six from urban schools and six from semi-urban schools) were interviewed using face-to-face interview guides. The study revealed that the in-service teacher training programs attended by Agricultural science teachers were relevant to their teaching roles. Furthermore, the study emphasized that to maintain the relevance of in-service teacher training programs, components such as practical activities, projects, investigations, and subject content knowledge should be the focus, in order to continually enhance the capacities of Agricultural science teachers. The study recommends that the regional education directorate in the Zambezi region establish a policy for continuous in-service teacher training programs, including them in their annual financial plan, to improve teacher performance in the region. Lastly, to ensure the success of in-service teacher training programs, they should be conducted on an ongoing basis.

Challenges and Strategies for Enhancing eHealth Capacity Building Programs in African Nations.

eHealth applications play a crucial role in achieving Universal Health Coverage. (1) Background: To ensure successful integration and use, particularly in developing and low/middle-income countries (LMIC), it is vital to have skilled healthcare personnel. The purpose of this study was to describe challenges that hinder capacity-building initiatives among healthcare personnel in developing and LMIC and suggest interventions to mitigate them. (2) Methods: Adopted a descriptive research design and gathered empirical data through an online survey from 37 organizations. (3) Results: The study found that in developing and LMIC, policymakers and eHealth specialists face numerous obstacles integrating and using eHealth including limited training opportunities. These obstacles include insufficient funds, inadequate infrastructure, poor leadership, and governance, which are specific to each context. The study suggests implementing continuous in-service training, computer-based systems, and academic modules to address these challenges. Additionally, the importance of having solid and appropriate eHealth policies and committed leaders were emphasized. (4) Conclusions: These findings are consistent with previous research and highlight the need for practical interventions to enhance eHealth capacity-building in LMICs. However, it should be noted that the data was collected only from BETTEReHEALTH partners. Therefore, the results only represent their respective organizations and cannot be generalized to the larger population.

Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths in Namibia, 2018-2019: A Local Approach to Strengthen the Review Process and a Description of Review Findings and Recommendations.

First objective was to strengthen the national maternal death review, by addressing local challenges with each step of the review cycle. Second objective was to describe review findings and compare these with available findings of previous reviews. Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths methodology was used to review maternal deaths. To improve reporting, the national committee focussed on addressing fear of blame among healthcare providers. Second focus was on dissemination of findings and acting on recommendations forthcoming the review. Reviewed were reported maternal deaths, that occurred between 1 April 2018 and 31 March 2019. Seventy maternal deaths were reported; for 69 (98.6%) medical records were available, compared to 80/119 (67.2%) in 2012-2015. Reported maternal mortality ratio increased with 48% (92/100,000 live births compared to 62/100,000 in 2012-2015). Obstetric haemorrhage was leading cause of death in the past three reviews. The "no name, no blame" policy, aiming to identify health system failures, rather than mistakes of individuals, was repeatedly explained to healthcare providers during facility visits. Recommendations based on findings of the review, such as retaining experienced staff, continuous in-service training and guidance, were shared with decision makers at regional and national levels. Healthcare providers received training based on review findings, which resulted in improved management of similar cases. Enhanced implementation of Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths was possible after addressing local challenges. Focussing on obtaining trust of healthcare providers and feeding back findings, resulted in better reporting and prevention of potential maternal deaths.

Postoperative pain assessment and management among nurses in selected hospitals in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

ABSTRACTObjective:This study was designed to determine the nurse assessment of postoperative pain and its management in selected hospitals, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey was adopted. The target population consist of 222 purposely nurses who are in the cadre of nursing officer II to chief nursing officer who works in the various surgical wards/units of the selected health facilities. The data were collected from the participants using the pretested structured questionnaire developed by the researcher.Results:Results showed that 66.2% of nurses had a poor level of knowledge on postoperative pain assessment. The McGill Pain Questionnaire was the most used pain assessment tool with a mean score of 2.84 whereas the Dallas Pain Questionnaire was the least used with a mean score of 1.90. “Providing clean, calm, and well-ventilated ward environment” (3.69 ± 0.61) was the most used nonpharmacological method for postoperative pain management, followed by “distraction, relaxation, and guided imagery” (3.52 ± 0.50), “dressing, bandage, splint, and reinforce wound sites postoperatively” (3.39 ± 0.54), and “early ambulation/exercise” (3.20 ± 0.62). The most used pharmacological interventions were “acetaminophen” (3.63 ± 0.55), “topical anesthetic” (2.92 ± 0.62), “nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs” (2.87 ± 0.43), and “mixed opioid agonist–antagonist” (2.56 ± 0.56).Conclusion:There is a poor level of knowledge on postoperative pain assessment among nurses in this study setting. It is, therefore, pertinent for hospitals to organize continuous in-service training for postoperative pain assessment and management, especially on nonpharmacological approaches among nurses.

Knowledge and Practice of Healthcare Workers Regarding the Healthcare Waste Management

Background: Healthcare waste management (HWM) issues are getting worse in Pakistan since there are more and more hospitals, clinics, diagnostic labs, etc. One of the major individuals in charge of properly managing healthcare wastes at any healthcare facility is the medical staff. But how well you perform will rely on how much you know and do about waste management. Aim: To ascertain the knowledge and practice of healthcare professionals about the management of healthcare waste. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Methodology: The Children Hospital Lahore has conducted the current study. The current study included 400 participants. Structured, pre-tested, and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. The survey was cleaned, revised, and reviewed for completeness. The analysis of the data was done using SPSS 23. Results: 400 individuals were involved, 174(43.5%) of whom had sufficient understanding of health care waste management, whereas 226(56.5%) had insufficient knowledge. Of the 400 participants, 188(47%) had good practice managing medical waste, whereas the remaining 212(50%) had bad practice. Practical Implication: This study helped researchers investigate the knowledge and practice of health workers. It would help in estimating the practice and knowledge of health waste management by health care workers. Conclusion: It was determined that most workers had inadequate knowledge of waste management and had poor practice on health care waste management. All employees must receive the appropriate training and supervision in HCW management, as well as pertinent and continuous in-service training, to ensure that they have the necessary information, attitudes, and safe practices. Keywords: Health Care Workers, Waste Management, Knowledge, Practices and Training.

Nurse Managers' Opinions of Information System Support for Performance Management: A Correlational Study.

Current information systems do not effectively support nurse managers' duties, such as reporting, resource management, and assessing clinical performance. Few performance management information systems are available and features in many are scattered. The purpose of the study was to determine nurse managers' opinions of information system support for performance management. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from nurse managers (n = 419). Pearson's correlation coefficients and linear regression were used to examine the relationships between variables, which were nurse managers' ability to manage resources, to report and evaluate productivity, and to assess nursing performance and clinical procedures. More than half of the managers used performance management systems daily. Managers (60%) felt that they can use information systems to follow the use of physical resources, and in general (63%), they felt that it is easy to perform searches with the systems used for following up activity. Nurse managers' ability to manage resources, to report productivity, and to assess nursing care performance were correlated significantly with each other. Currently, managers have to collect data from various systems for management purposes, as system integration does not support performance data collection. The availability of continuous in-service training had a positive effect on information system use.

Individual factors affecting compliance with standard infection prevention precautions on the use of personal protective equipment among community health practitioners in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Background: Individual factors may have an impact on how well healthcare workers adhere to standards for infection prevention. The aim of the study was to identify individual factors affecting compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE) use among community health practitioners in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.Methods: Three hundred and fifty-four (354) self-structured questionnaires were manually distributed among community health practitioners who worked at government-owned primary health care facilities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Item mean analysis with a criterion mean set at 2.0 was used to analyze the quantitative data of the 3-Likert scale and results were presented in tables, item mean, and percentages.Results: Individual factors affecting compliance with standard infection prevention precautions on the use of PPE were difficulty to feel veins while wearing PPE (x=2.7), some level of discomfort while performing skills using the PPE (x=2.0), and lack of knowledge of how to use the PPE (x=2.9). It was also revealed that those who complied with the standard infection prevention precaution do so because they understand that the use of PPE prevents them from being infected (x=2.9).Conclusions: Individual factors that affect compliance with standard infection prevention precautions on the use of PPE among community health practitioners can be modified. It is recommended that community health practitioners should have a positive attitude towards compliance with standard infection prevention precautions, especially in this post-COVID-19 era. The government should conduct continuous in-service training and regular supportive supervision on compliance with standard infection prevention precautions among health workers in the primary health care setting.

Exploration of In-Service Training Needs for Nurses Implementing the Nursing Process at Regional Hospitals of Limpopo Province, South Africa

Background: In-service training of the nursing employees plays an eminent role in developing the empowerment of nurses and the promotion of the overall quality of patient care in hospitals. Nurses with constant attendance of training on the nursing process show improved quality of patient care in most clinical health care settings. Nurses in hospitals in Limpopo province experience challenges regarding in-service training on the nursing process approach during patient care. The current study is imperative to the nursing practice; hence, in-service training remains one of the workplace activities that keep the nurses abreast with the latest development in their profession. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the in-training needs for nurses implementing the nursing process at regional hospitals of Limpopo province, South Africa. Methods: A qualitative explorative, descriptive, phenomenological and contextual research design was applied in the study. A nonprobability purposive sampling method was utilised to select professional nurses at the regional hospitals. Semi structured in-depth interviews using an interview guide was consumed to collect data from eighteen participants, then the data was analysed by means of phenomenological reduction method where themes and sub-themes were established. Results: The study discovered that there was no in-service training for professional nurses on the nursing process and there was a lack of management support to nurses implementing the nursing process. Conclusion: The study recommended the need to develop a training programme to enhance continuous in-service training on the nursing process in hospitals of Limpopo province.

Incidence and causes of severe maternal outcomes in Somaliland using the sub-Saharan Africa maternal near-miss criteria: A prospective cross-sectional study in a national referral hospital.

To describe the incidence and causes of severe maternal outcomes and the unmet need for life-saving obstetric interventions among women admitted for delivery in a referral hospital in Somaliland. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from April 15, 2019 to March 31, 2020, with women admitted during pregnancy or childbirth or within 42 days after delivery. Data were collected using the World Health Organization (WHO) and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) maternal near-miss (MNM) tools. Descriptive analysis was performed by computing frequencies, proportions, and ratios. The MNM ratios were 56 (SSA criteria) and 13 (WHO criteria) per 1000 live births. The mortality index was highest among women with medical complications (63%), followed by obstetric hemorrhage (13%), pregnancy-related infection (10%), and hypertensive disorders (7.9%) according to the SSA MNM criteria. Most women giving birth received prophylactic oxytocin for postpartum hemorrhage prevention (97%), and most laparotomies (60%) for ruptured uterus were conducted after 3h. There is a need to improve the quality of maternal health services through implementation of evidence-based obstetric interventions and continuous in-service training for healthcare providers. Using the SSA MNM criteria could facilitate such preventive measures in this setting as well as similar low-resource contexts.

Extent of Teachers' Participation in Continuous In-Service Training Programmes for Their Improved Job Productivity in Secondary Schools in Anambra State

Extent of Teachers' Participation in Continuous In-Service Training Programmes for Their Improved Job Productivity in Secondary Schools in Anambra State

Extent of Teachers’ Participation in Continuous In-Service Training Programmes for Their Improved Job Productivity in Secondary Schools in Anambra State

The inefficiencies noticed among many secondary school teachers while performing their teaching responsibilities in the classroom which seems to have negative impact on their job productivity has warranted this present study. Therefore, the present study was designated to find out the extent teachers’ participation on continuous in-service training programmes for their improved job productivity in secondary schools in Anambra State. Three research questions guided this study. A descriptive survey research design was employed in the study. Population for this study constituted 5,674 teachers from 258 public secondary schools within the 6 education zones in Anambra State. Sample size for the study consisted of 1,135 teachers from 129 public secondary schools selected at 20% and 50% from both the teachers’ population and public secondary schools respectively using the stratified random sampling technique. Instrument for data collection was a researcher-developed 23-item questionnaire titled: “Teachers’ Participation in Continuous In-Service Training Programmes and Improved Job Productivity Questionnaire (TPCISTPIJPQ)” and structured on a 4-point scale of Very High Extent (VHE), High Extent (HE), Low Extent (LE) and Very Low Extent (VLE) in order to answer all the three research questions. The questionnaire was validated by two experts from the Department of Educational Management and Policy, and one Measurement and Evaluation expert from the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State. Reliability of the instrument was established through a pilot-test on a sample 32 teachers from 4 public secondary schools in Anambra State. The scores obtained were measured using Cronbach Alpha statistics which yielded coefficient reliability value of 0.75, 0.77 and 0.81 for each cluster respectively, with an overall internal consistency reliability value of 0.78 showcasing that the questionnaire was reliable and dependable to collect the necessary data for the study. Data collated were analyzed using the mean score rated at 2.50 and standard deviation statistics. Findings of the study revealed among others, that the extent of teachers’ participation in the various continuous in-service training programmes (on-the-job, off-the-job &amp; computer-based training programmes) for their improved job productivity were all to a low extent. The study recommended among others that secondary school principals in collaboration with Anambra State Post Primary Schools Service Commission (PPSSC) should to high extent constantly organize on-the-job continuous in-service training programmes through induction and orientation training programmes, shadowing or co-worker training, job rotation, mentorship from older teachers, internship programmes, school seminars and workshops, coaching and committee assignment for teachers improved job productivity in schools.

Knowledge and skills on active management of third stage of labor for prevention of post-partum haemorrhage among health care providers in Lake Zone, Tanzania: a cross sectional study

BackgroundHealth care providers (HCPs) knowledge and skills are both crucial in saving the lives of mothers and their newborns during childbirth. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and skills of HCPs on active management of third stage of labor (AMTSL) for prevention of PPH in Lake Zone Tanzania.MethodsA cross-sectional analytical hospital-based study which included 340 HCPs who were randomly selected, the study was conducted from March to May 2019 in lake zone, Tanzania. Data were collected using standardized questionnaire and observational checklist. Predictors of knowledge and skills on AMTSL were determined using binary logistic regression under multivariable analysis using SPSS version 23.0. p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsMost 200 (58.8%) of the participants were aged between 25 and 34 years with mean age 31.4 ± 6.26 years. Majority 240 (67.6%) were females. Of all HCPs, 171 (50.3%) had adequate knowledge whereas 153 (45.0%) had adequate skills on AMTSL. Males (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.18–3.26), HCPs with University education (AOR = 3.29, 95% CI 1.19–9.13) and previous BEmONC training (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.24–3.91) were found to be the predictors of adequate knowledge on AMTSL. HCPs aged ≥ 45 years (AOR = 9.35, 95% CI 1.74–10.28) and HCPs working at a hospital (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.12–2.82) were associated with having adequate skills on AMTSL.ConclusionHCPs included in this study demonstrated low skills on AMTSL as compared to knowledge which needs immediate attention. We recommend continuous in-service training and supportive supervision among HCPs working in labour wards for improving their knowledge and skills on AMTSL. This will help to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality related to PPH.