Continuous Growth Process Research Articles

Continuous crystal growth and homogeneity of 2-inch Ca3Ta(Ga,Al)3Si2O14 bulk single crystals

Langasite-type Ca3Ta(Ga,Al)3Si2O14 (CTGAS) piezoelectric bulk single crystals with a 2-inch diameter were continuously grown by the Czochralski (Cz) method using the residual melt after crystal growth and recharging. The first and second bulk single crystals without cracks were grown using a continuous crystal growth process. However, the third bulk single crystal included many cracks, suggesting that the cracks were generated because of the change in melt composition by the recharging process originating from the difference between the stoichiometric and congruent compositions. By evaluating the velocity distribution using ultrasonic waves, an area with low leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) velocity was observed at the center of the bulk single crystal.

Mechanisms and Factors Influencing the Production of Uniform-Sized Giant Unilamellar Vesicles by Discrete Lipid Film Arrays.

In this paper, we innovatively proposed a highly uniform vesicle preparation scheme based on the intervesicle mechanical self-constraint effect of vesicle crowding. By adjusting the spacing of discrete microwell structures, we observed that during the self-assembly of phospholipid molecules in microwells to form giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), the scale swelling of the vesicles during the continuous growth process would lead to the crowding of vesicles in adjacent microwells, thus inducing the formation of intervesicle mechanical self-constraint effect. The results of the experiment showed that this paper obtained the optimized discretized microwell structure (micropillar side: 30 μm; pitch: 0 μm), and the corresponding lipid mass was measured and determined, yielding homogeneous giant GUVs of 37.9 ± 2.0 μm. In this paper, homogenized GUVs (∼40 μm) with different cholesterol concentrations (10, 20, and 30%) were obtained by this method, and the above vesicles were subjected to controlled electroporation experiment under external electric fields of 23, 31, and 41 kV/cm, respectively. It showed that the mechanical self-constraint effect of vesicle crowding induced by patterned microstructures during the self-assembly of phospholipid molecules significantly enhances the size homogeneity of GUVs, which would be helpful for the wide applications of GUVs in other areas such as cell-like models and controlled release of drugs.

The Importance of Using Maternal and Child Health Books to Monitor Children’s Growth and Development: A Health Education Program

Children differ from adults in the fact that they go through a continuous process of growth and development. Every parent hopes that their child can grow and develop optimally. To assess these expectations, regular monitoring is required. One of many ways to achieve this is the use of the Mother and Child Health (MHC) book published by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. This book contains complete information about maternal and child health and can be read by parents. In the current study, efforts to increase the use of MCH books were carried out offline by providing education to parents and health workers, and by assessing the extent to which MCH books had been completed. The education session was attended by about 100 parents and health workers, and the MCH book assessment was attended by 41 mothers with toddlers. Of these, 10 did not have an MCH book, while 18 out of the remaining 31 showed a low level of completion. The sections that were most often filled in were the health cards growth and immunization charts. During the assessment, the implementing team also invited parents to complete the MCH book so that their child's growth and development could be better documented. Health workers are expected to fill out the MCH book when toddlers are brought to health facilities, whether they are healthy or sick. This community service program can increase the ability of parents and health workers to use and complete the MCH books in order to monitor children's growth and development.

Sustainable Renewal in Urban Areas: Looking Beyond the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

Urbanisation is a continuous process of growth by which the cities accommodate the shifting populations. A city must continually address concerns related to housing, employment and the balance of demand and supply of basic infrastructure services. The act of planning for urban growth and transformation is termed Urban Renewal. While urban renewal started after World War 2 in Europe, it was not until the 1980s that issues of sustainability were addressed through urban renewal. Sustainable urban renewal enables a balance of physical, social, economic, and ecological improvements in cities. This paper presents case studies of some exemplary urban renewal projects implemented around the world focussing on physical, social, cultural, economic or ecological development of an area. It traces the evolution of the concept of urban renewal in the Indian context with a focus on the biggest scheme launched by the Indian government under the aegis of JNNURM. It further analyses the performance of JNNURM on the sustainability platform. The paper concludes by proposing that the learnings from JNNURM should be used to devise the next phase of urban renewal programs in India and that all future schemes should be based on sustainable urban regeneration principles. It also proposes that effective implementation of any UR scheme requires the strengthening and empowering of the urban local bodies as well as contextualising the issues while engaging the community in the process of planning and implementation.

Інноваційний розвиток бізнес-структур

The study is aimed at creating scientifically based approaches to understanding and analyzing innovations in business structures, which contributes to the further development of this important field and will help solve the problem of the lack of a comprehensive understanding of these processes. The aim of the article is to carry out a critical analysis of domestic and foreign literature to systematize and summarize the available data. The article systematizes, according to the results of the carried out study, approaches to the definition of innovative development through the improvement of business processes, the use of new technologies and system innovations. The practical bases for this is that the importance of new technologies for business efficiency and competitiveness has increased, and system innovation has become essential for adapting to a changing environment. The carried out study improves the conceptual and categorical apparatus and offers its own definition of innovative development of business structures. The study shows that the concept of innovative development of business structures can be considered from different points of view. This includes improving business processes, using the latest technology, and applying system solutions. The proposed own definition of innovative development of business structures emphasizes that this is a complex and complex process. This process involves continuous improvement of business processes in order to improve the quality of products, services and activities. To achieve this, it is necessary to actively use the latest technologies, develop and implement new products and services. In addition, innovative development implies a willingness to adapt to changing market conditions and needs. Thus, the innovative development of business structures is recognized as multiaspectual and inseparable from the process of continuous improvement and growth in the modern economic environment. The practical significance of this study is manifested in the improvement of the theoretical approach to the creation of innovative development strategies for enterprises.

Growth of millimeter-sized high-quality CuFeSe2 single crystals by the molten salt method and study of their semiconducting behavior

An eutectic AlCl3/KCl molten salt method in a horizontal configuration was employed to grow millimeter-sized and composition homogeneous CuFeSe2 single crystals due to the continuous growth process in a temperature gradient induced solution convection. The typical as-grown CuFeSe2 single crystals in cubic forms are nearly 1.6 × 1.2 × 1.0 mm3 in size. The chemical composition and homogeneity of the crystals was examined by both inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer with Cu:Fe:Se = 0.96:1.00:1.99 consistent with the stoichiometric composition of CuFeSe2. The magnetic measurements suggest a ferrimagnetic or weak ferromagnetic transition below TC = 146 K and the resistivity reveals a semiconducting behavior and an abrupt increase below TC.

Pitting corrosion behavior of X70 steel in weakly alkaline solution under dynamic DC interference

Stray current discharged into the soil when subway trains operate will lead to fluctuation in the pipe-soil potential, which causes severe corrosion. In this work, the pitting corrosion behavior of X70 steel in a weakly alkaline simulated soil solution under different potential fluctuation ranges was studied. The influence of the fluctuation of the pipe-to-soil potential on the passivation film and pitting corrosion was studied using electrochemical measurement and surface characterization. X70 steel has passivation characteristics in the weakly alkaline solution. The passivation film is in a dynamic process of continuous growth or growth-dissolution due to the alternating polarization. The critical factor in inducing pitting corrosion is the failure to produce stable and dense passivation film or the instantaneous polarization potential exceeding the range of passivation potential. The passivation film's density determines the pitting's initiation and development trend. It is preliminarily found that the charge transfer resistance at the initiation stage of pitting has a good exponential function relationship with the pitting rate at the stable development stage, which is of great significance for the qualitative evaluation of the pitting rate.

Fluid Adaptive Revision and Twin-Track Authorship: Andrew Bovell’s Lantana Series from Stage to Screen

ABSTRACT This article examines Andrew Bovell’s Lantana series, arguing that his adaptive transformation of his own texts offers a notable exposition of auto-adaptation as an organic process. The ten-year creative and selective journey, in which the Australian playwright explores the themes of loss, trust, betrayal, entanglement, and emotional disconnection, began with the 1992 one-act play Like Whiskey on the Breath of a Drunk You Love and culminated in the 2001 award-winning film Lantana, offering an insight into fluid revision and twin-track authorship. Bovell’s screenplay retells and reimagines the events and themes of its four predecessors, crafting his ideas on the precarity of human relationships and the nature of truth into a tight, reflexive structure, through fragmentation and musical orchestration. In conclusion, the Lantana series exhibits auto-adaptation as a continuous process of growth, in which the pre-texts function as independent works of art and as resources for further reimagining and adaptive revision.

ETHICAL COMPETENCE IN PROFESSIONAL PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MODERN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHER: THEORETICAL ASPECT

The article presents theoretical approaches to the consideration of the ethical competence of a modern foreign language teacher in his/her professional pedagogical activity. The essence of the concepts “competence”, “professional-pedagogical competence” is revealed, the content of the concept “ethical competence” is characterized. Ethical competence of modern foreign language teacher is defined as an integrative quality of a person, that includes a complex of his/her moral and ethical values and personal characteristics determining the choice of models of teacher’s behavior in various situations of his/her professional pedagogical activity. It has been established that ethical competence as a basic component of professional pedagogical competence of foreign language teacher reflects his/her spirituality and morality, internal culture, the ability to act in accordance with the norms of pedagogical ethics and to take adequate moral decisions.The components included in the model of ethical competence of foreign language teacher are defined, namely: ethical knowledge, communicative skills, psychological position, moral and psychological qualities. The article states that the process of ethical competence formation of foreign language teacher goes through several stages and is a synergistic result of three important components of the educational process: socio-cultural, subject and professionally subjective.The formation of ethically competent teacher is a socially significant problem. The success of education system humanization, the improvement of general culture in society, and the prospects for the development of modern human depend on the solution of the problem mentioned above. Ethical development of a teacher is a continuous process of personal and professional growth, which involves raising of moral awareness level, carrying out professional reflection and formation of the system of attitudes towards the subjects of educational process in accordance with the norms and rules of pedagogical ethics. It was defined that unformed ethical competence leads to ethical and pedagogical errors in pedagogical activity and, accordingly, negatively affects educational process as a whole.

Making the difficult career transition: Writing the next chapter during the great resignation or in the future.

During the midst of the Great Resignation, over 4.5 million people have changed jobs. While a job change does not register as one of the top three drivers of stress, career transition-related stress does present itself as one of the top 25 causes. This stress can be reduced through social support models, career transition planning, and personal brand strategy frameworks. These adaptive change models become part of a continuous learning and growth process. This literature review aims to contribute to the industry and define career transition through a more holistic personal brand strategy utilizing a wide range of disciplines considering the challenges and opportunities presented during the Great Resignation.

Leadership First: The Art of Leading

Effective leadership begins with an understanding of self and the ability to look beyond oneself to see, project, and inspire others to grow. In this article, readers will reflect on their leadership practices and core fundamental beliefs of what it means to lead and how to produce great results in the people they lead effectively. Leadership is a continuous growth process, and leaders must be willing to engage and self-reflect daily to maximize the capacity of those around them.

Determinants of maintaining the development of an small online store in the conditions of economic slowdown in Poland

Since its inception, the sector of companies selling on the Internet in Poland has been undergoing a process of continuous growth. Even the crisis of 2008 - 2009 did not negatively affect the development of e-commerce in Poland. However, due to the stage of development of the sector, as well as the current macroeconomic conditions, the question of maintaining the development trend under the conditions of economic slowdown arises. The aim of the article is to identify and assess factors that may support its further development (or at least the maintenance of its position) at the level of an online shop operating in Poland under the conditions of the economic downturn. The results of the analysis indicate that standard actions taken in favorable market conditions must be modified during a slowdown. Those activities that allow reducing costs and/or reaching a wider audience with an offer (e.g. performance marketing) need to be strengthened.

Modeling of Additional Professional Educational Programs to Overcome Subject Deficits of Mathematics Teachers

Modern challenges of the system of mathematical training of schoolchildren cause the growth of subject professional deficits of a mathematics teacher. However, the question of how to identify and level these deficits remains open. This makes it possible to state the problem of research, which consists in finding effective methods for overcoming the subject deficits of a mathematics teacher. The purpose of the article is to determine a modern approach to modeling additional professional educational programs for overcoming subject deficits of mathematics teachers and to develop a structural-meaningful model of an additional professional educational program “Subject deficits of a mathematics teacher”. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was a competency approach as the basis for structuring the professional competencies of a mathematics teacher; a variable-modular approach as a constructive basis for structuring the model of an additional professional educational program; a systematic approach as the basis for diagnosing the professional deficits of a mathematics teacher; professional standard of a teacher (Module “Subject training. Mathematics”), the requirements of the federal state educational standard for the mathematical training of students in a comprehensive school. Methods of analysis of special literature and regulatory documents, pedagogical modeling and design were used. Study results. The conceptual foundations of modeling an additional professional educational program to overcome the subject deficits of a mathematics teacher have been identified. A structural model of the additional educational program “Subject deficits of a mathematics teacher” is presented. Conclusion. A distinctive feature of the additional educational program presented in the article “Subject deficits of a mathematics teacher” is that it consists of modules that design the continuous process of professional growth of a mathematics teacher in the context of targeted, personalized assistance to practicing teachers, through the selection of variable program modules.

Genomic Analysis Of NAD+ Synthesis Pathways Involved In Aging and Cancer

Cancer cells have elevated energy demands to sustain continuous growth and other malignant processes and undergo extensive metabolic reprogramming to meet these demands. One element of this reprogramming in many cancer subtypes is elevated synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a critical co-enzyme that supports energy production through both glycolysis and the TCA cycle. The kynurenine metabolic pathway is the evolutionarily conserved means by which cells produce NAD+ de novo from tryptophan. NAD+ levels drop with age, a contributing factor to many forms of age-related disease. While interventions that increase NAD+ have been shown to extend lifespan, previous work from our lab demonstrates that knockdown of several kynurenine pathway enzymes, thus decreasing de novo NAD+ production, results in increased longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans by 20-30%. To address this apparent contradiction, we propose that kynurenine pathway inhibition may produce metabolic feedback that results in upregulation of NAD+ recycling. Eukaryotic cells recycle NAD+ from nicotinamide (NAM) through one of two pathways: the Salvage pathway in mammalian cells and the Preiss-Handler pathway in C. elegans and related invertebrates species. We are using tools in C. elegans and human cell culture to examine the interaction between kynurenine/de novo NAD+ synthesis and NAD+ recycling through Salvage and Preiss-Handler. In particular, we are interested in how combining interventions between these pathways will influence activity throughout the NAD+ metabolic networks (measured via mass spectrometry), physiological phenotypes, and transcriptomic changes (via RNA sequence data) involved in aging and age-associated disease.

Genomic Analysis Of NAD+ Synthesis Pathways Involved In Aging and Cancer

Age-related changes in DNA methylation are potent regulators of gene expression and may in part explain the onset of disease and disability. Vervet monkeys are a well-described model of neurocognitive and physical aging. Like humans, gait speed declines with age in vervets, and variability in gait speed in older animals is associated with age-related musculoskeletal and cognitive decline. To identify methylation patterns linked to aging-related physical decline, we investigated differentially methylated loci in vastus lateralis biopsies of 29 female vervets aged 8-28 years (~25-90 years in humans). We evaluated 107,490 loci on the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC Human Array that aligned with high fidelity to the vervet genome using the R package minfi and fit generalized linear mixed models to account for underlying genetic relatedness. We found 13 CpG methylation sites associated with 12 genes (CALCR, EBF4, GDNF, GMCL1, HAND1, HOXC10, IRX2, LBX2, MPPED2, SHISA6, SOX2, and WNT2) significantly differentially methylated with gait speed. Increased methylation was negatively associated with gait speed for all loci except GMCL1, reflecting the pattern of global hypermethylation of skeletal muscle tissue with age. Several of the associated genes are involved in development and differentiation including HOXC10 and LBX2, which regulates myoblast migration. CACNG8 regulates voltage-dependent calcium gated channels, and GDNF promotes motor neuron innervation of skeletal muscle. Most associations with muscle phenotypes are novel, but several have been linked to age-related bone diseases. We are currently evaluating the relationships of these differentially methylated loci with muscle mRNA expression and protein abundance.

FORMATION OF YOUTH THINKING FROM NATIONAL RECONSTRUCTION - PROMOTION OF THE IDEA OF NATIONAL RISE

The independence of the nation, its uniqueness can be ensured only as a result of national ideas, their transformation into a material force. The national idea begins to take shape in the process of young people's self-awareness. National development is of an evolutionary nature, it is a continuous process of formation, improvement and growth of the nation. National revival is a process associated with the reorientation of the potential lost for certain reasons at a certain stage in the history of a nation’s development to the nation’s development.

Growing carbon nanotubes on continuous carbon fibers to produce composites with improved interfacial properties: A step towards commercial production and application

A scalable manufacturing process has been developed to grow carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in situ on the surface of continuous carbon fibers (CFs) and achieve their uniform distribution. The successful growth of CNTs on the fiber surfaces was proved by studying the various stages in the continuous growth process. Electrochemical anodization achieved significant modification of CFs and promoted effective coating of catalyst precursors. The average tensile strength of the CNTs/CF reinforcement was improved when the concentration of catalyst precursor was 0.05 mol/L, indicating that the damage caused by catalyst reduction was repaired in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The simple measurement of growth kinetics explained the rate at different stages of CNT growth. The CNT layer improved the wettability between CFs and epoxy, and effectively inhibited expansion of interfacial cracks so that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of composite material reached 91.17 MPa with a significant increase of 95.43%. Significantly, this process can realize the industrialization of the preparation of composite reinforcement.

Phase transition beyond the monolayer collapse – The case of stearic acid spread at the air/water interface

The paper presents a detailed characterization of stearic acid film in various experimental conditions, recorded both in the pre- and post-collapse region, using – in addition to π–Α isotherms – visualization of film structure and thickness measurements (using Brewster angle microscope, BAM) supplemented with a precise analysis of compressibility modulus versus area (Cs−1- A) plots. π–Α isotherms recorded for unionized molecules exhibit a liquid-condensed (LC) state where the thickness (th) and the compressibility modulus (Cs−1) remain constant with monolayer compression along a plateau region, where a tilt angle of 73.5°, in respect to the water surface, was calculated for stearic acid molecule. Films subjected to subsequent compressions (beyond the collapse) and expansions show semi-reversible behavior as proved with BAM images. Upon the increase of carboxylic group ionization in alkaline pHs and increasing the speed of compression, the “spike” at the collapse changed its shape from sharp to rounded. Upon further compression, a long plateau transition has been observed. Within this post-collapse plateau, a three-fold increase in film thickness was observed, confirming the previously suggested model of trilayer formation. However, the visualization of film structure with BAM revealed that this process does not occur homogeneously, but through the nucleation of trilayer structures in the form of domains that undergo a continuous process of growth and coalescence within the post-collapse plateau region. The application of the adapted Clausius-Clapeyron equation indicates that the process of trilayer formation is endothermic and implies an increase of entropy, which has been additionally proven by PM-IRRAS.

Preparation and Formation Mechanism of l-Valine Spherulites via Evaporation Crystallization

l-Valine crystallizes in a flake-like shape generally; however, compared with the flake-like products, spherulitic l-valine has better filterability, flowability, and bulk density and has potential for wider industrial applications in the future. In this study, l-valine spherulites have been successfully prepared by an evaporative crystallization method in the presence of no more than 0.5% hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). The spheroidization of l-valine proceeds via a layer-by-layer transformation from an initial flake-like shape to a petal-like form, and then it continues to grow into the final sphere-like shape. Molecular dynamics simulations show that HPMC interacts with hydrophilic (001) faces preferentially and promotes the continuous layer growth process. Only the substituent groups of hydroxypropyl and methyl exist simultaneously within a certain spatial distance and, in a viscosity of 40–50 mPa·s, can promote the formation of l-valine spherulites. The particle size increased with the increase in the HPMC dosage and decrease of temperature or evaporation rate. This effect of HPMC promoting the spherical formation provides a method to enrich the design of spherulites and new insights into the fabrication mechanism of spherulitic growth.

SIRT6 promotes angiogenesis and hemorrhage of carotid plaque via regulating HIF-1\u03b1 and reactive oxygen species

As a member of Sirtuins family, SIRT6 participates in the physiological and pathological progress of DNA repair, anti-aging, metabolism, and so on. Several studies have demonstrated that knockdown of SIRT6 inhibited the development of atherosclerosis (AS), indicated SIRT6 as a protective factor for AS. However, we confirmed SIRT6 was significantly overexpressed in human unstable carotid plaques compared with stable carotid plaques. This result indicated a more complex role of SIRT6 in AS. Furthermore, we constructed mice model with unstable carotid plaque and injected them with SIRT6 overexpressed adeno-associated virus (AAV-SIRT6). AAV-SIRT6 significantly promoted angiogenesis as well as hemorrhage in plaques. In vitro, we demonstrated overexpression of SIRT6 prevented HIF-1α from degradation by deubiquitination at K37 and K532 of HIF-1α, thus promoted the expression of HIF-1α under both normoxia and hypoxia in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Through regulating HIF-1α, overexpression of SIRT6 promoted invasion, migration, proliferation, as well as tube formation ability of HUVECs. Interestingly, under different conditions, SIRT6 played different roles in the function of HUVECs. Under oxidative stress, another important pathological environment for AS, SIRT6 bound to the promoter of Catalase, a main reactive oxygen species scavenger, and depleted H3K56 acetylation, thus inhibited expression and activity of Catalase at the transcriptional level. Subsequently, inhibited Catalase promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) under oxidative stress. Accumulated ROS further aggravated oxidative stress injury of HUVECs. On one hand, SIRT6 promoted angiogenesis in plaque via HIF-1α under hypoxia. On the other hand, SIRT6 promoted injury of neovascular via ROS under oxidative stress. It is this process of continuous growth and damage that leads to hemorrhage in carotid plaque. In conclusion, we innovatively confirmed SIRT6 promoted the angiogenesis and IPH via promoting HIF-1α and ROS in different environments, thus disclosed the unknowing danger of SIRT6.