Continuous Contact Research Articles

A general continuous contact force model for contact collisions of soft and hard materials

A general continuous contact force model for contact collisions of soft and hard materials

Bioinsecticides based on neem (Azadirachta indica) and rue (Ruta graveolens) against Agrotis ipsilon

Agrotis ipsilon is an important pest of several crops, where it causes damage to various parts of the plant such as stems, roots, leaves and tubers. Due to the growing demand for controlling these pests, there is a constant need for new products as the organisms acquire resistance after continuous contact. And this also generates a demand for bioinsecticides, which normally pose a lower health risk and are less harmful to the environment. Among the plants commonly used as insecticides are neem and rue, which have already been studied for several pests, although never together. This work aimed to determine the insecticidal activity of a natural insecticide derived from a mixture of neem and rue, commonly used in the region of Senhor do Bonfim-BA against A. ipsilon. Four different solutions were prepared, containing a) 20 neem leaves, 10 rue leaves and 5 A. ipsilon caterpillars, b) 20 neem leaves and 10 rue leaves, c) 20 neem leaves and d) 10 rue leaves. Water was tested as control. In the tests carried out, both the mixture popularly used in the region, containing neem, rue, and A. ipsilon caterpillars, as well as the solution containing only neem and rue had good results, killing all caterpillars in 72 hours. Isolated plant extracts did not obtain good results, only delaying the formation of pupae for neem extracts. Therefore, the mixture of Neem and Rue showed good insecticidal potential against A. ipsilon, with much higher activity than its isolated components.

Electric inter-row control of lupin plants does not adversely affect the neighbouring non-target lupin plants

Abstract Inter-row weed control is used in a wide range of crops, traditionally applied via physical cultivation or banded herbicide application. However, these methods may result in crop damage, herbicide resistance development, or off-target environmental impacts. Electric inter-row weed control presents an alternative, though its potential impact on crop yield requires further investigation. One of the modes of action of electric weed control is the continuous electrode-plant contact method, which passes a current through the weed and into the roots. As the current passes into the roots, it can potentially disperse through the soil to neighbouring root systems. Such off-target current dispersion, particularly in moist topsoil with low resistance, poses potential concern for neighbouring crops when electric inter-row weed control is applied. This research evaluated the continuous electrode-plant contact method, using a ZassoTM XPower machine, in comparison with mowing, across three trials conducted in 2022 and 2023. Both treatments were used to remove target lupin plants adjacent to a row of non-target lupin. Electric weed control was applied to plants in dry soil or following a simulated rainfall event. The trials demonstrated that electric weed control and mowing did not reduce density and biomass of neighbouring non-target lupin plants compared to the untreated control. Likewise, pod and seed production, grain size and protein, as well as grain germinability and vigour of the resulting seedlings was not reduced by these weed control tactics. This research used technology that was not fit for purpose in broad scale grain crops but concludes that electric weed control via the continuous electrode-plant contact method or mowing did not result in crop damage. Therefore, it is unlikely that damage will occur using commercial-grade electric weed control or mowing technology designed for large acreage inter-row weed control, thus offering non-chemical weed management options.

2차 미소공동위원회 당시 정치고문단의 창설과 활동

The Political Advisory Group(PAG) was organized based on the recognition that the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea(AMG) had no dedicated advisory body to consult on political issues in South Korea, despite the fact that AMG dealt with numerous political issues in South Korea in addition to its military duties. The creation of the PAG was the final destination of the ‘decentralized’ and ‘fluid’ organizational transformation of AMG’s political advisory machinery. AMG had previously utilized the military intelligence agencies, political advisors dispatched by the US State Department, Hodge’s personal political advisor, and the American delegates for U.S-U.S.S.R. Joint Commission as political advisory organizations. PAG was comprised of Korea experts and political analysts from AMG. PAG collected and analyzed political intelligence through continuous contact with South Korean political figures. Then, PAG framed and implemented AMG’s occupation policy In particular, PAG actively supported the American delegates for 2nd U.S-U.S.S.R. Joint Commission based on the political intelligence and understanding of South Korean political parties accumulated through its activities. Throughout the 2nd U.S-U.S.S.R. Joint Commission, PAG’s focus was on “creating a situation led by right-wing forces” in the list of Korean political parties and social groups that U.S-U.S.S.R. Joint Commission would consult. The existence and activities of PAG clearly show the way and perspective of AMG’s reorganization of South Korean politics at the time. In addition, the fact that the PAG was established as a permanent organization with a single function as a “political advisor” only in 1947 can be seen as evidence that the political advisory function of the AMG in the early days of the occupation was weak.

Effect of the Organizational Model of the Subject of Activities in the Natural Environment on Students’ Satisfaction and Learning

The aim of this study was to identify the most suitable organizational model for teaching the university subject of Outdoor Activities in relation to learning acquisition and satisfaction. For this purpose, four models were designed, some of which were dominated by traditional education and others by innovative education. The data collection instruments were the Spanish version of the Physical Education of the Sport Satisfaction Instrument, adapted to the university context, and the questionnaire on the contents of the subject designed ad hoc. Data collection was carried out before and after the intervention with a total of 125 students. For data analysis, an ANCOVA was performed. The results showed that there were significant differences in satisfaction between groups (p = 0.029), but not in the boredom scale (p = 0.109). With regard to acquisition of learning between groups, there were significant differences (p = 0.005) in the overall grade of the subject. There were also significant differences in the scores for content taught differently depending on the group (p = 0.003), with a higher score in the most innovative group, the intensive-continuous group, compared to the fractioned (p = 0.005) and classic groups (p = 0.015). It is concluded that there is a positive effect between direct and continuous contact with nature, both in the acquisition of learning and in student satisfaction, with the most innovative model obtaining the best results of the study.

Nanoscale Strategies for Enhancing the Performance of Adhesive Dry Electrodes for the Skin.

High-quality electrophysiological monitoring requires electrodes to maintain a compliant and stable skin contact. This necessitates low impedance, good skin compliance, and strong adhesion to ensure continuous and stable contact under dynamic conditions. In this context, adhesive epidermal dry electrodes are advancing rapidly, which is promising for long-term applications in clinical diagnosis, wearable health monitoring, and human-machine interfaces. However, challenges persist, as conventional technologies usually fall short of meeting the high standards required for electrophysiological electrodes. This Perspective discusses four key aspects for high-performance epidermal electrodes from an adhesive perspective: initial adhesion, water resistance, dynamic stability, and removal simplicity. We review recent nanoscale strategies addressing these issues, providing a comprehensive guideline to enhance the application performance of epidermal dry electrodes. Additionally, we explore key nanoscale strategies and their associated functions, future technology roadmaps, and prospects for dry adhesive epidermal electrodes.

A new contact force model for revolute joints considering elastic layer characteristics effects

The contact forces generated during the motion of revolute joints with clearances significantly impact the dynamic performance of mechanisms, making it essential to develop an accurate contact force model. Traditional contact models often neglect the influence of elastic layers or assume that the bushing thickness is equal to its radius, which limits their applicability. To address the dynamic contact problem in revolute joints with small clearances, this study employs an improved Winkler elastic foundation model and introduces an elastic layer correction coefficient to refine the static contact model. The model's validity is verified using the finite element method. Building on this, a new contact force model is proposed, incorporating the optimal damping term from multiple continuous contact models. Finally, experimental validation is conducted using the crank-slider mechanism and typical applications in the Variable Stator Vane (VSV) mechanism. The results demonstrate that the proposed contact force model effectively predicts the dynamic characteristics of mechanisms with clearances.

An enhanced continuous contact force model for deployable structures with clearance joints: Validation, simulation, and dynamic characteristics

An enhanced continuous contact force model for deployable structures with clearance joints: Validation, simulation, and dynamic characteristics

Thermostable Nucleoid Protein Cren7 Slides Along DNA and Rapidly Dissociates From DNA While Not Inhibiting the Sliding of Other DNA-binding Protein

A nucleoid protein Cren7 compacts DNA, contributing to the living of Crenarchaeum in high temperature environment. In this study, we investigated the dynamic behavior of Cren7 on DNA and its functional relation using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. We found two mobility modes of Cren7, sliding along DNA and pausing on it, and the rapid dissociation kinetics from DNA. The salt dependence analysis suggests a sliding with continuous contact to DNA, rather than hopping/jumping. The mutational analysis demonstrates that Cren7 slides along DNA while Trp (W26) residue interacts with the DNA. Furthermore, Cren7 does not impede the target search by a model transcription factor p53, implying no significant interference to other DNA-binding proteins on DNA. At high concentration of Cren7, the molecules form large clusters on DNA via bridging, which compacts DNA. We discuss how the dynamic behavior of Cren7 on DNA enables DNA-compaction and protein-bypass functions.

Revolutionizing Wing-in-Ground Effect: Investigating Structural Rigidity

The Wing-in-ground (WIG) effect aircraft utilize the ground effect to maintain flight above water or another surface while minimizing continuous contact with the ground. The propulsion of this aircraft primarily relies on the aerodynamic lift generated by specially designed wings, hulls, or other components that harness the ground effect phenomenon. The problem statement that occurs once conventional boats fail to successfully carry out the mission of intercepting intruders trespassing on national waterways. Due to inherent constraints in watercraft technical standards, existing watercraft technology lacks the power to pursue intruders to their full extent. To further improve the WIG craft operation, we propose enhancing its performance by using materials with better mechanical qualities and optimizing the construction to lower its overall size. These enhancements aim to bolster the WIG craft's capabilities and enable more efficient and effective interception of intruders in water environments. This research aims to investigate structural material qualities suited for WIG effect application and structural rigidity characteristics, with a particular focus on the joining model. In order to accomplish these objectives, the study utilizes Solidworks simulation to replicate the WIG craft model. The static simulation involves testing four different parameters: Models A, B, C, and D. The key focus during the model simulation is varying the types of connections used. The simulation data is then examined to estimate the strength of the material structure. The material applied to the WIG craft structure is S-glass fiber and 6061 aluminum alloy. Model D produced acceptable values for the least maximum stress, strain, and resultant displacement, among other models. The maximum stress value of Model D is 1,601 MPa, which does not exceed the tensile strength of the material. For the rigidity analysis in operating conditions, the Solidworks flow simulation is conducted. The manipulated variable for flow simulation is the velocity of airflow. The velocities conducted are 60 km/h, 90 km/h, 120 km/h, 15 km/h and 180 km/h. The flow simulation shows the maximum total pressure exerted on the structure, where the highest velocity produced is 103433 Pa. From both static and airflow simulation, it was concluded that the WIG craft model has good rigidity in terms of withstanding the external load and airflow pressure during the cruising conditions proposed.

Glucose-Free Solutions Mediated Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Oxidative Stress-Related Damages in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Promising Solution.

Oxidative stress (OxSt) and inflammation are common in end-stage renal disease and dialysis patients; they are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality. In peritoneal dialysis (PD), OxSt and inflammation are even further increased compared to the already increased oxidative stress of their pre-dialysis phase. This is due to the high glucose-based solutions currently used, whose continuous contact with the peritoneal membrane can induce significant long-term morphological and functional changes (mesothelial to mesenchymal transition, thickening, neo-angiogenesis and fibrosis) of the peritoneal membrane. Oxidative stress plays a very important role in these processes, which may compromise the peritoneal dialysis procedure. There is, therefore, the need for more biocompatible dialysis fluids with polymers other than glucose to prevent and treat OxSt and inflammation. The most known and used of such glucose-free and more biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solutions is icodextrin, which has shown a protective effect from oxidative stress. This has supported the consideration of the use of glucose-free-based peritoneal dialysis fluids in order to reduce oxidative stress and improve peritoneal membrane survival. Studies investigating peritoneal dialysis with the use of osmo-metabolic agents (L-carnitine, xylitol and their combination) in peritoneal fluids replacing glucose-based fluids are, in fact, ongoing. They represent a promising strategy to reduce OxSt, preserve the peritoneal membrane's integrity and improve patients' outcome.

On the use of vibrations and temperatures for the monitoring of plastic chain conveyor systems

In industrial automation, the transportation of unit loads plays a crucial role. This paper addresses the under-explored area of plastic chain conveyors, a versatile and efficient means of transport within production processes. Despite their widespread use, these conveyors suffer from wear and tear due to continuous contact between the chain and guide rails, often leading to unscheduled shutdowns and increased costs. The literature on monitoring solutions for such systems is sparse, particularly for plastic chains. This paper aims to bridge this gap by surveying the most common wear mechanisms for these systems and presenting a physical model that describes the interaction between the chain links and guide rails, based on chain of masses, springs and dampers and the Archard wear model. This model allows to relate the variations due to wear with other physical quantities, such as passage frequencies of the links and heat generated due to friction. The comprehensive model provides analytical formulas to understand the vibrations induced by the chain on the platform and the guide-rail temperatures. To validate the model and evaluate how the measurements are affected by the degradation of the system, an extensive experimental campaign was conducted on a conveyor test rig, acquiring vibration and temperature data. The end goal is to identify and discuss methodologies suitable for estimating the wear mechanisms of conveyor systems, with a focus on the constraints of industrial environments. Hence, this study aims to lay the groundwork for defining monitoring solutions that enhance the maintenance efficiency of plastic chain conveyor systems. The results suggest that the power Spectral Densities (PSD) of the platform’s accelerations are sufficient to estimate the average links pitch, which in turn could be used to assess the chain elongation. Besides, the local temperatures confirmed the model observations, making them suitable for estimating the slide-rail thinning.

CD13-targeting and TRAIL-displaying Protein Nanoparticles Effectively Induce Apoptotic Cell Death of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Prolonging Survival in Mouse Models

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly proliferating blood cancer, necessitating treatments that specifically target and swiftly eradicate it. In this study, we develop an AML-specific, apoptotic cell death-inducing protein nanoparticle, AaLS/TRAIL/aCD13Nb, by simultaneously displaying multiple CD13-binding nanobodies (aCD13Nb) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) molecules on a single AaLS protein nanoparticle using the SpyCatcher/SpyTag protein ligation system. AaLS/TRAIL/aCD13Nb selectively binds to various CD13-overexpressing AML cell lines and effectively accumulates near U937 AML tumor sites through systemic administration, demonstrating its AML targeting capabilities. The tight binding of AaLS/TRAIL/aCD13Nb to CD13-overexpressing AML cells, mediated by aCD13Nb, results in close and continuous contact between TRAIL molecules and death receptors, triggering robust apoptotic cell death. Systemic administrations of AaLS/TRAIL/aCD13Nb into U937 AML-engrafted NSG mice significantly reduce the AML burden and nearly double the mice’s survival period, especially under advanced and severe AML conditions. Collectively, our study paves the way for targeted therapies in AML, utilizing protein nanoparticles as nanoplatforms. Substantial therapeutic efficacy across various cancers can be achieved by strategically combining cancer-specific targeting ligands with apoptotic cancer cell death-inducing molecules, tailored to specific cancer types.

Mesenchymal Osr1+ cells regulate embryonic lymphatic vessel formation.

The lymphatic system is formed during embryonic development by the commitment of specialized lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and their subsequent assembly in primary lymphatic vessels. Although lymphatic cells are in continuous contact with mesenchymal cells during development and in adult tissues, the role of mesenchymal cells in lymphatic vasculature development remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that a subpopulation of mesenchymal cells expressing the transcription factor Osr1 are in close association with migrating LECs and established lymphatic vessels in mice. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that Osr1+ cells precede LEC arrival during lymphatic vasculature assembly in the back of the embryo. Using Osr1-deficient embryos and functional in vitro assays, we show that Osr1 acts in a non-cell-autonomous manner controlling proliferation and early migration of LECs to peripheral tissues. Thereby, mesenchymal Osr1+ cells control, in a bimodal manner, the production of extracellular matrix scaffold components and signal ligands crucial for lymphatic vessel formation.

A low-power thermoelectric power generation system based on a periodic thermoelectric power generation method in the form of heat pulses

In today's increasingly serious energy problems, thermoelectric power generation is now widely used as one of the cleanest energy conversion methods. In this paper, we proposed a way of generating thermoelectric power periodically in the form of heat pulses and design an experimental system with low power consumption of fan blades. In contrast to conventional thermoelectric power generation with continuous contact with the heat source, this method maintains the temperature gradient between the hot and cold sides at a larger value for a longer period using periodic contact of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) with the surface of the heat source in the form of heat pulses. So it enhances the efficiency of thermoelectric power generation. The output power of the heat-pulsed thermoelectric power generation from a single TEG with heat sink is 19.81 mW with an efficiency of 6.05 %, which is an improvement of 23 % and 10.8 % over the conventional method. The whole system has an output power of 63.3 mW, an improvement of 293 %. This clean and efficient new type of TEG system can be widely used in the future in areas such as petrochemical waste heat treatment and self-supply of energy for Internet of Things (IoT) sensors.

A novel variable restitution coefficient model for sphere–substrate elastoplastic contact/impact process

The restitution coefficient serves as a critical parameter to evaluate the energy loss during the contact/impact process. Its in–depth researches are beneficial to accurately describing the contact/impact phenomenon. Given the limitations of existing restitution coefficient models, a novel variable restitution coefficient model, which considers the material properties and the initial relative contacting velocity between two colliding bodies, is proposed in this work. Firstly, the function relationship between the restitution coefficient and the equivalent plastic strain can be obtained based on the energy equivalence principle. After that, multi–condition FEM numerical simulation cases are conducted to explore the mapping relationship among the equivalent plastic strain, material properties and initial relative contacting velocity, with which the new normal variable restitution coefficient model can thus be established. Finally, various comparisons with several existing restitution coefficient models are conducted to showcase its superior performance, with the low–speed experimental data and high–speed FEM results acting as reference values. Furthermore, the new restitution coefficient model is extended to describe interaction process between two spheres, and also employed for the establishment of a new continuous contact force model.

Adaptive optimal concurrent control for detumbling space non-cooperative target via multipoint repeated contact

Space debris generally exhibits complex tumbling motions, and its direct capture may cause damage to space manipulator and base spacecraft. Current detumbling strategies typically require continuous contact collisions with the target and do not take into account actuator limitations. Thus, this paper presents an adaptive optimal concurrent control of space free-floating multi-fingered robot (SFMR) for multipoint repeated contact detumbling of non-cooperative targets. Firstly, the multipoint repeated intermittent contact model between the SFMR and the target is established. Further, an optimal admittance control that considers manipulator actuator limits and target motion bounds is formulated to generate a compliant detumbling trajectory. Through transforming the state and input inequality constraints into extended dynamical subsystems and saturation functions, respectively, the optimal control problem (OCP) is transformed into a readily solvable equality constraint problem. Moreover, an enhanced nonsingular terminal sliding mode (ENTSM) control with radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) compensation is presented in the presence of lumped uncertainties and external disturbances, which achieves rapid finite-time convergence and low-chattering. The simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the velocity of the space target effectively without causing base spacecraft interference while achieving accurate trajectory tracking.

Charting Health Challenges for Digital Preventive Interventions Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: National Long-Term Follow-Up Survey of Self-Rated Health Outcomes.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood, but the prognosis has remarkably improved over the last 50 years in high-income countries, and thus, there is a focus on long-term health outcomes following survival and how to best provide health care support to adult long-term survivors of childhood ALL to prevent and handle potential health problems. Digital health interventions are promising to deliver feasible health promotion and prevention programs. This is particularly relevant for ensuring long-term follow-up in cases where continuous contact with oncology care may be disrupted. Moreover, these interventions are beneficial in reaching geographically dispersed target groups and overcoming the time constraints of everyday life that often hinder participation in such programs. This study aimed to fill the gaps in existing research on adult long-term survivors of childhood ALL and provide formative data that can inform the development of formalized follow-up services designed to meet the needs of these survivors in ways that align with their preferences for digital health interventions. In this cross-sectional national study, adult survivors (aged ≥18 years) of childhood ALL for over 10 years after diagnosis were compared to their siblings in terms of mental and physical health-related factors, including sleep, stress, anxiety, and depression (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 [DASS-21]); several dimensions of fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory 20 [MFI-20]); work ability (Work Ability Index); chronic pain; and prevalences of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, headache or migraine, and rheumatic disease. Overall, 426 of 855 eligible ALL survivors responded (mean age 30.9, SD 7.7 years), and they participated at an average of 24 (SD 6.9) years after ALL diagnosis. Siblings (n=135; mean age 31.5, SD 7.7 years) acted as controls. Sleep quality, sleep quantity, and mean work ability scores were significantly lower, and physical fatigue, reduced motivation, and reduced activity scores were higher in ALL survivors than in siblings. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of BMI and prevalence of chronic pain, depression, anxiety, or stress. Physical and psychological complications were more frequent among adult ALL survivors who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) than among those who had not received HSCT. Our nationwide cross-sectional study addressed the scarcity of knowledge regarding the self-reported health outcomes of adult long-term survivors of childhood ALL. We highlighted significant disparities within this population and emphasized the potential of comprehensive digital interventions that target vitality, sleep quality, fatigue, and psychosocial well-being to enhance well-being and bolster the capacity for managing chronic health conditions in this target group. Such an intervention would align with the needs of this target group, which is a prerequisite for successfully incorporating technology into the daily lives of survivors of childhood ALL.

GUARDA COMPARTILHADA NOS CASOS VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA

The article aims to analyze the feasibility and implications of shared custody in situations of domestic violence, addressing the relevant legislation and doctrine on the subject. Firstly, it is essential to define and understand domestic violence, its manifestations and the applicable legislation, with emphasis on the Maria da Penha Law (Law 11,340/2006), which seeks to protect women who are victims of violence in the domestic environment. Furthermore, Law 8,069/1990 (Child and Adolescent Statute) is analyzed to understand the protection of minors in contexts of violence. The study highlights that, although shared custody is generally promoted to ensure the equal participation of both parents in their children’s lives, its application in cases of domestic violence can be problematic. The need to protect the woman and children from continuous contact with the aggressor makes shared custody unfeasible in most cases. The article also analyzes the jurisprudence and decisions of Brazilian courts, which often opt for unilateral custody to guarantee the best interests of the child and adolescent. Finally, the article proposes the need for a careful and careful assessment of each case, with continuous monitoring of families affected by domestic violence, to guarantee the safety of victims and the well-being of minors. The creation of public policies that take into account the complexity of these cases is advocated, promoting a balance between the protection of the vulnerable and the right to family life.

Abstract Mo008: Sub-strain Dependent Vulnerability to Psychosocial Stress Exacerbates Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity in Adult Male Mice

Introduction: Psychosocial stress is a significant cardiovascular risk factor and an enormous burden on cancer patients. However, limited knowledge is available on the underlying mechanisms at least in part because of lack of translationally relevant animal models. Previous work from our lab established that adult exposure to social stress can exacerbate the cardiovascular effect of juvenile doxorubicin (DOX) exposure. However, the effect of concomitant DOX and stress exposure in adult mice is unknown. Methods: In this study, a ‘two-hit’ mouse model was established, in which chronic subordination stress (CSS) and DOX treatment were given simultaneously. Twelve-week-old male C57BL/6N (6N) and C57BL/6J (6J) mice were subjected to daily episodes of social defeat by dominant CD1 mice with whom they remained in continuous sensory contact with for 28 days, thus establishing social subordination. One week after the start of CSS, mice were administered DOX (8 mg/kg/week) for 3 weeks. Thereafter, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and gene expression of inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers were determined by real-time PCR. Cardiac fibrosis and inflammation were assessed by histopathologic analysis. Results: Cardiac dysfunction and significant cardiac fibrosis were observed in 6N but not in 6J mice that were exposed to both DOX and CSS, as evidenced by reduced ejection fraction, cardiac output, and increased trichrome staining, respectively. Additionally, gene expression analysis demonstrated significant upregulation of atrial natriuretic peptide and interleukin-6 in 6N mice exposed to both DOX and CSS compared to 6J mice. Finally, DOX caused cardiac atrophy and abrogated CSS-induced cardiac hypertrophy in 6N but not in 6J mice, as evidenced by measuring left ventricular mass and heart weight/tibia length. Conclusion: Exposure to CSS exacerbated the cardiotoxic effects of DOX in a sub-strain dependent manner. These findings highlight psychosocial stress as a risk factor for worse cardiovascular outcome in cancer patients receiving cardiotoxic regimens. The study underscores sub-strain differences in the cardiac responses of 6N and 6J mouse to CSS alone and CSS/DOX treatment that may serve as a discovery platform for the identification of genetic biomarkers of resilience.