Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring Research Articles

Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Perinatal Outcomes.

To evaluate the association between continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant people with type 2 diabetes and perinatal outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant people with type 2 diabetes who received prenatal care and delivered singleton, nonanomalous neonates at a single academic tertiary care center from November 1, 2019, to February 28, 2023. The primary outcome was a composite of neonatal morbidity, including hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, shoulder dystocia, large for gestational age at birth, preterm birth, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, or perinatal death. Demographics and outcomes were compared by type of monitoring (continuous glucose monitoring vs intermittent self-monitoring of blood glucose), and multivariable logistic regression estimated the association between continuous glucose monitoring use and perinatal outcomes. Of 360 pregnant people who met the inclusion criteria, 82 (22.7%) used continuous glucose monitoring. The mean gestational age at continuous glucose monitoring initiation was 21.3±6.4 weeks. The use of continuous glucose monitoring was associated with lower odds of the primary composite neonatal morbidity (65.9% continuous glucose monitoring vs 77.0% self-monitoring of blood glucose, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.48, 95% CI, 0.24-0.94). Continuous glucose monitoring use was also associated with lower odds of preterm birth (13.4% vs 25.2%, aOR 0.48, 95% CI, 0.25-0.93) and NICU admission (33.8% vs 47.6%, aOR 0.36, 95% CI, 0.16-0.81). In pregnant people with type 2 diabetes, continuous glucose monitoring use was associated with less neonatal morbidity, fewer preterm births, and fewer NICU admissions.

Development of sensor system and data analytic framework for non-invasive blood glucose prediction

Development of sensor system and data analytic framework for non-invasive blood glucose prediction

Recent advances in the precision control strategy of artificial pancreas.

The scientific diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetes require frequent blood glucose testing and insulin delivery to normoglycemia. Therefore, an artificial pancreas with a continuous blood glucose (BG) monitoring function is an urgent research target in the medical industry. The problem of closed-loop algorithmic control of the BG with a time delay is a key and difficult issue that needs to be overcome in the development of an artificial pancreas. Firstly, the composition, structure, and control characteristics of the artificial pancreas are introduced. Subsequently, the research progress of artificial pancreas control algorithms is reviewed, and the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of proportional-integral-differential control, model predictive control, and artificial intelligence control are compared and analyzed to determine whether they are suitable for the practical application of the artificial pancreas. Additionally, key advancements in areas such as blood glucose data monitoring, adaptive models, wearable devices, and fully automated artificial pancreas systems are also reviewed. Finally, this review highlights that meal prediction, control safety, integration, streamlining the optimization of control algorithms, constant temperature preservation of insulin, and dual-hormone artificial pancreas are issues that require further attention in the future.

Novel Approach for the Immobilization of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase in PEDOT:PSS Conductive Layer on Planar Gold Electrodes

Third-generation biosensors use enzymes capable of direct electron transfer (DET) to the sensor surface. They are of interest for continuous glucose monitoring in blood or interstitial fluid, but they are rarely investigated. One reason is the hindered DET of the enzymes to the metallic electrodes. In this publication, a novel method for the immobilization of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) DET enzymes employing conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) inks and a protective polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) hydrogel layer on gold electrodes is reported. This layer stack showed a glucose-specific current response for voltages between −0.2 and 0.4 V in physiological PBS buffer, and enabled interference-less sensing in a solution of acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid at 0 V. A Michaelis–Menten fit led to a maximum current density (Imax) of 257 ± 7.9 nA/mm2 and a Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) of 28.4 ± 2.2 mM, with a dynamic range of 0.1–20 mM glucose and a limit of detection of 0.1 mM. After 16 h of continuous measurement of 20 mM glucose, the signal decreased to 60% of its initial value. Storage stability was successfully verified until up to 10 days. In summary, this paper shows a simplified approach for the fabrication of third-generation biosensors using CDH-PEDOT:PSS and PEG-DMA hydrogel inks.

Cost-utility of real-time continuous glucose monitoring versus self-monitoring of blood glucose in people with insulin-treated Type II diabetes in France.

Aim: Clinical trials and real-world data for Type II diabetes both show that glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and hypoglycemia occurrence can be reduced by real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). The present cost-utility study investigated the long-term health economic outcomes associated with using rt-CGM versus SMBG in people with insulin-treated Type II diabetes in France. Materials & methods: Effectiveness data were obtained from a real-world study, which showed rt-CGM reduced HbA1c by 0.56% (6.1mmol/mol) versus sustained SMBG. Analyses were conducted using the IQVIA Core Diabetes Model. A French payer perspective was adopted over a lifetime horizon for a cohort aged 64.5years with baseline HbA1c of 8.3% (67mmol/mol). A willingness-to-pay threshold of €147,093 was used, and future costs and outcomes were discounted at 4% annually. Results: The analysis projected quality-adjusted life expectancy was 8.50 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for rt-CGM versus 8.03QALYs for SMBG (difference: 0.47QALYs), while total mean lifetime costs were €93,978 for rt-CGM versus €82,834 for SMBG (difference: €11,144). This yielded an incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of €23,772 per QALY gained for rt-CGM versus SMBG. Results were particularly sensitive to changes in the treatment effect (i.e., change in HbA1c), annual price and quality of life benefit associated with rt-CGM, SMBG frequency, baseline patient ageand complication costs. Conclusion: The use of rt-CGM is likely to be cost-effective versus SMBG for people with insulin-treated Type II diabetes in France.

A review on flexible wearables – Recent developments in non-invasive continuous health monitoring

Wearable sensors hold profound significance in our increasingly interconnected world, revolutionizing the way we monitor and manage our health, daily activities, and environments. These compact, unobtrusive tools have transcended the realm of mere gadgets to become indispensable tools for individuals and healthcare professionals alike. By continuously collecting data on vital signs, physical activity, sleep patterns, and more, wearables empower users to gain valuable insights into their well-being, facilitating proactive health management. Beyond preventive medicine, wearables find applications in diverse fields, from sports performance optimization to industrial safety monitoring, making them catalysts for transformative change in the way we live, work, and thrive. As technology continues to advance, the significance of wearables in enhancing our lives and pushing the boundaries of knowledge will only continue to grow. In this review, we focused on the recent advances in the field of wearables for continuous non-invasive monitoring of cardiovascular, body temperature and blood glucose. These sensors are commonly incorporated into garments or stylish accessories such as watches, allowing individuals to monitor different facets of their health, including metabolic processes and vital signs. In premise, the worldwide wearables market is undergoing substantial growth propelled by technological advancements, expanding applications, and the need for inventive preventive healthcare solutions. Despite existing challenges, the industry is well-positioned for ongoing expansion as it tackles these issues and pushes the frontiers of wearable technology.

Correlação entre tempo no alvo e hemoglobina glicada de pessoas com diabetes mellitus: revisão sistemática

Objective: to analyze the correlation between time on target and glycated hemoglobin in people living with diabetes mellitus and carrying out continuous blood glucose monitoring or self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose. Method: systematic review of etiology and risk based on JBI guidelines and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses, covering six databases and grey literature. The sample included 16 studies and methodological quality was assessed using JBI tools. Protocol registered in the Open Science Framework, available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NKMZB. Results: time on target (70-180 mg/dl) showed a negative correlation with glycated hemoglobin, while time above target (>180 mg/dl) showed a positive correlation. Correlation coefficients ranged between -0.310 and -0.869 for time on target, and between 0.66 and 0.934 for time above target. A study was carried out on a population that performed self-monitoring. Conclusion: there is a statistically significant correlation between time on target and time above target with glycated hemoglobin. The higher the proportion in the adequate glycemic range, the closer to or less than 7% the glycated hemoglobin will be. More studies are needed to evaluate this metric with data from self-monitoring of blood glucose.

HPR67 Utilisation of Intermittent and Real-Time Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring in the Irish Healthcare System

HPR67 Utilisation of Intermittent and Real-Time Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring in the Irish Healthcare System

Non-Invasive Wearable Devices for Monitoring Vital Signs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) poses a significant global health challenge and demands effective self-management strategies, including continuous blood glucose monitoring (CGM) and lifestyle adaptations. While CGM offers real-time glucose level assessment, the quest for minimizing trauma and enhancing convenience has spurred the need to explore non-invasive alternatives for monitoring vital signs in patients with T2D. Objective: This systematic review is the first that explores the current literature and critically evaluates the use and reporting of non-invasive wearable devices for monitoring vital signs in patients with T2D. Methods: Employing the PRISMA and PICOS guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search to incorporate evidence from relevant studies, focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published since 2017. Of the 437 publications identified, seven were selected based on predetermined criteria. Results: The seven studies included in this review used various sensing technologies, such as heart rate monitors, accelerometers, and other wearable devices. Primary health outcomes included blood pressure measurements, heart rate, body fat percentage, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Non-invasive wearable devices demonstrated potential for aiding T2D management, albeit with variations in efficacy across studies. Conclusions: Based on the low number of studies with higher evidence levels (i.e., RCTs) that we were able to find and the significant differences in design between these studies, we conclude that further evidence is required to validate the application, efficacy, and real-world impact of these wearable devices. Emphasizing transparency in bias reporting and conducting in-depth research is crucial for fully understanding the implications and benefits of wearable devices in T2D management.

Blood glucose monitoring devices: current considerations.

Measuring blood glucose concentrations via capillary (fingerprick) blood glucose monitoring or continuous (interstitial) glucose monitoring is an important aspect of management for many people with diabetes. Blood glucose monitoring informs patient self-management strategies, which can improve the patient's engagement in their own care and reduce barriers to achieving recommended blood glucose targets. Blood glucose monitoring also informs clinician-guided management plans. Compared to capillary blood glucose monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring in people using insulin significantly improves glycaemic metrics and is associated with improved patient-reported outcomes. Even with good glycaemic metrics, patients using continuous glucose monitoring should still have access to capillary blood glucose monitoring for correlation of hypoglycaemic readings when accuracy may be compromised or if there is a malfunction with the continuous blood glucose monitor.

Review of Noninvasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Diabetics.

For diabetics, taking regular blood glucose measurements is crucial. However, traditional blood glucose monitoring methods are invasive and unfriendly to diabetics. Recent studies have proposed a biofluid-based glucose sensing technique that creatively combines wearable devices with noninvasive glucose monitoring technology to enhance diabetes management. This is a revolutionary advance in the diagnosis and management of diabetes, reflects the thoughtful modernization of medicine, and promotes the development of digital medicine. This paper reviews the research progress of noninvasive continuous blood glucose monitoring (CGM), with a focus on the biological liquids that replace blood in monitoring systems, the technical principles of continuous noninvasive glucose detection, and the output and calibration of sensor signals. In addition, the existing limits of noninvasive CGM systems and prospects for the future are discussed. This work serves as a resource for further promoting the development of noninvasive CGM systems.

A Triple-Band Broadband Miniature Antenna Design for Implantable Continuous Glucose Monitoring

This paper presents a miniaturized triband implantable planar antenna that covers the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and the Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) band which can be used in a continuous blood glucose monitoring device. The antenna consists of a slotted radiating patch and a ground plane with a cross slot to miniaturize its size. The overall antenna size is only 51.35 mm3 (7.6 × 7.6 × 0.889 mm3) due to the reduced size by the slotting technique. Compared to other implantable antennas with similar performance, the proposed antenna is smaller in size, simple in construction, and easy to be fabricated. By cutting a cross slot in GND, impedance matching is improved, especially at the two higher frequency bands. We have fabricated the prototype and carried out measurements. The results show its gains are −32.2 dBi, −18.8 dBi, and −19.1 dBi at 0.9 GHz, 1.4 GHz, and 2.45 GHz, respectively. Its radiation patterns have good symmetry in the two lower operating frequency bands. In addition, the maximum SAR values comply with the IEEE standard safety guidelines (IEEE C95.1-2019).

SAT163 Title: Adult-onset Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Due To An Activating Mutation In Glucokinase

Abstract Disclosure: S. Vaid: None. R. Ghosh: None. H. Elenius: None. C. Cochran: None. R. Chang: None. N. Nilubol: None. R. Muniyappa: None. Introduction: Glucokinase (GK), the key β-cell glucose sensor, determines the threshold for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Activating mutations of GK are infrequent causes (prevalence of 1.2%) of congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH). Adult-onset of severe hypoglycemia due to GK-HH is extremely rare. Clinical Case: A 26-year-old well-nourished female (BMI, 27 kg/m2) with a recent history of dizziness, tremulousness, fatigue, sweating, and hunger, associated with weight gain presented for further workup. Hypoglycemia was noted, and Whipple's triad was confirmed. She had no family history of endocrine disease or hypoglycemia. Supervised fasting promptly produced symptomatic hypoglycemia with hyperinsulinemia. Laboratory studies revealed a low glucose level at 44 mg/dL; a plasma insulin level at 93 μIU/mL (<3 μIU/ml); a C-peptide level at 8.1 ng/mL (<0.6 ng/mL); pro-insulin at 266 pmol/L (<5 pmol/L); and beta-hydroxybutyrate <2.7 mmol/L. IGF2/IGF-1 ratio was 3.1 (<10) and renal and liver function was normal. Interestingly, a mixed meal also provoked significant hypoglycemia within an hour of consumption of a meal. Urine for sulfonylurea screen was negative, and so were anti-insulin antibodies. Imaging of the pancreas with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endoscopic ultrasound revealed a 1.2x0.8cm nodule on the superior margin of the body of the pancreas. 68Ga-DOTATATE​​ PET/CT (targeting somatostatin receptors) showed mild uptake coinciding with the nodule on the CT scan. Arteriography with calcium stimulation and venous sampling (ASVS) was non-localizing. The patient subsequently underwent laparoscopic exploration with intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) of the pancreas followed by the enucleation of the pancreatic nodule. Histopathology of the nodule revealed a normal pancreatic tissue with no evidence of a neuroendocrine tumor. Change to multiple small meals, addition of cornstarch to diet, continuous blood glucose monitoring (CGM), diazoxide (70 mg oral, three times a day), and monthly octreotide LAR (30 mg) has allowed the patient to avoid hypoglycemia. Genetic testing by analysis of the genes known to cause hypoglycemia revealed a heterozygous GCK variant [c.1367C>T (p.Ala456Val), which was predicted to be a pathological mutation. This mutation is known to increase affinity for glucose, which leads to exaggerated insulin secretion. Conclusion: Our study highlights that in adults with non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia, genetic causes of HH should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

SAT146 Recurrent Hypoglycemia Following Asparaginase Therapy For Childhood Cancer: Institutional Experience

Abstract Disclosure: M. Tantoush: None. Background: Asparaginase (ASP) is a cornerstone pediatric leukemia and lymphoma therapy. Hyperglycemia following ASP is described, but hypoglycemia is infrequently identified as a complication. Following hypoglycemic events in children receiving ASP therapy, evaluation of associations and outcomes was undertaken. Aim: Evaluate and describe the risk factors, prevalence, duration, severity, recurrence and outcomes of children developing ASP-induced hypoglycemia. Method: Retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records to identify all patients who received ASP (PEGylated or non-PEGylated), and had diagnosis of hypoglycemia between 6/1/2017 and 6/30/22 at Texas Children's Hospital. We defined ASP-induced hypoglycemia as blood glucose (BG) <70 mg/dl 2-8 weeks from ASP administration, without alternative causes. If hypoglycemia evaluation was completed, hyperinsulinism was defined by: BG < 50 mg/dL; insulin > 2 mIU/mL; β-hydroxybutyrate < 1.8 mmol/L; free fatty acids < 1.7 mmol/L; or a post-glucagon BG > 30 mg/dL. Demographic and clinically relevant data were collected. Descriptive analysis was completed. Univariate regression models using Stata16 were analyzed. A p-value <0.05 was statistically significant. Results: Patients receiving ASP totaled 722, with 56 (7.6%) having ASP-induced hypoglycemia. Cancer diagnosis included acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=50), lymphoblastic lymphoma (n=5) or acute myeloid leukemia (n=1). Median age was 4.4 years (IQR: 2.6 - 8.1), with 46% Hispanic and 59% male. Median BMI z-score was +0.4 (IQR: -0.3 - 1.2). Initial hypoglycemia event was during Induction therapy in 86% (n=48), with median time from ASP to hypoglycemia diagnosis 11 days (IQR: 6-15). Median lowest BG was 51 mg/dL (IQR: 43-57) with median duration 11 days (IQR: 7-19). Treatment included dietary change (52%, n=29), cornstarch (29%, n=16), and continuous feedings (13%, n=7). Continuous BG monitoring was utilized in 9 (16%). A critical sample was obtained in 18 (32%) with all evaluations consistent with hyperinsulinism. Recurrent hypoglycemia with subsequent ASP doses occurred in 42 (74%), with a median duration 14 days (IQR: 8-21; max: 56 days). Overall cancer survival following ASP-induced hypoglycemia was 80% (85% if excluding relapse disease), with 3 years’ median follow up. Severity of hypoglycemia (lowest BG, number of events, or length of events) was not associated with age, sex, ethnicity, or BMI z-score in univariate analysis. Conclusion: ASP-induced hypoglycemia is relatively common, often recurs with subsequent dosing, and may become severe requiring intensive therapy. Prospective screening of patients receiving ASP may be appropriate to prevent and manage events. Patients completed chemotherapy without change in survival at 3 years’ follow-up. Further studies to elucidate prognostic factors of ASP-induced hypoglycemia are needed. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Insulin autoimmune syndrome: not just one but two different diseases with therapeutic implications.

We present a young woman with treatment resistant insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) with a protracted course. Her serum insulin level was 6945 pmol/l (<160), C-peptide 4042 pmol/L (<1480), anti-insulin antibodies 5305 U/mL (<0.4) were monoclonal IgG kappa. After 12 h of fasting, her blood glucose fell to 1.2 mmol/L. Post-meal blood glucose peaked at 12.2 mmol/L with reactive hypoglycaemia below 2 mmol/L. Frequent meals and continuous blood glucose monitoring were helpful, but further treatments advocated in the literature with prednisolone, rituximab, plasmapheresis, cyclophosphamide and ciclosporin were without beneficial effect. Based on this case and a review of the literature, we propose that IAS is not one but two different diseases with different therapeutic strategies. The first disease, polyclonal IAS, predominates in Asia and is characterized by polyclonal anti-insulin antibodies, association with certain HLA genotypes and other autoimmune conditions, medications and viral infections possibly triggering the disease, a possible female predominance among young patients and a tendency towards spontaneous remission. The other disease, monoclonal IAS, predominates in Caucasians. Typical features are monoclonal anti-insulin antibodies, only weak HLA association, no drug predisposition, no sex difference, rare remission and conventional therapy often being without any clinical effect. We suggest that monoclonal IAS with IgG or IgA anti-insulin antibodies should receive therapy targeting plasma cells rather than lymphocytes. IAS may be considered as two separate diseases, polyclonal and monoclonal. The presence of either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies should determine the choice of treatment for IAS. In polyclonal IAS, discontinuation of a triggering medication and treatment of triggering conditions should be the backbone of therapy. Monoclonal IAS should receive treatment targeting plasma cells.

Conflicts of Control: Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring and Coordinated Caregiving for Teenagers with Type 1 Diabetes

Continuous blood glucose monitoring (CGM) is a bio-sensing technology designed to help individuals with diabetes understand and manage their blood sugar levels. Better control and management have the promise of extending and improving the quality of life with diabetes. For teenagers with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), CGM has the potential to allow for a more collaborative T1D management and control experience by sharing real-time blood glucose data with caregivers. To understand how well CGM designs are living up to this promise and to identify potential challenges, we used the Asynchronous Remote Communities (ARC) with 16 teenagers with T1D and their informal caregivers over a 6 month period to investigate families' lived experiences with CGM and its data sharing function. We found three challenges in caregiver-teenager collaboration; lack of visibility into behaviors behind data, difficulties balancing teenage daily life with T1D control, and technical limitations of current CGM systems. We also found three issues that hinder informal caregiving coordination; unclear task assignment, difficulties in maintaining standards of care, and a lack of informal caregiver rotation. We provide a number of design implications based on these findings to better facilitate home care for teenagers' T1D.

Continuous glucose monitoring versus blood glucose monitoring for risk of severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a population-based study

Continuous glucose monitoring versus blood glucose monitoring for risk of severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a population-based study

Cost-utility of real-time continuous glucose monitoring versus self-monitoring of blood glucose in people with insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes in Canada.

Aim: Clinical trials and real-world data for Type 2 diabetes have shown that real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) lowers glycated hemoglobin (A1c) and reduces hypoglycemia relative to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). This analysis examined the long-term health and economic outcomes associated with using rt-CGM versus SMBG in people with insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes in Canada. Materials & methods: Clinical data were sourced from a real-world study, in which rt-CGM reduced A1C by 0.56% versus continued SMBG. The analysis was performed using the IQVIA Core Diabetes Model, from a Canadian payer perspective over a lifetime horizon for a cohort aged 65 years with an A1C of 8.3% at baseline. Future costs and clinical outcomes were discounted at 1.5% annually. Results: Projected total mean lifetime costs were CAD 207,466 for rt-CGM versus CAD 189,863 for SMBG (difference: CAD 17,602) and projected mean quality-adjusted life expectancy was 9.97 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for rt-CGM versus 9.02 QALYs for SMBG (difference: 0.95 QALYs), resulting in an incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of CAD 18,523 per QALY gained for rt-CGM versus SMBG. Findings were sensitive to changes in the A1C treatment effect, annual cost and quality of life benefit associated with using rt-CGM, SMBG frequency, and baseline age, but ICURs remained below CAD 50,000 per QALY in all analyses. Conclusion: For people in Canada with insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control, use of rt-CGM is likely to be cost-effective relative to SMBG.

Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring:Technological Progress and Application Extension

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology developed rapidly in recent years, and new products came out all the time. Nowadays, CGM plays an important role in diabetes management and has been recommended by various guideline all over the world. CGM equipment classification, progress on glucose sensor technology, and the new application and expansion of CGM technology in the field of diabetes and non-diabetes were briefly introduced in the study.

863-P: Effect of Bashan Tea Drink, a Vegetable Plant-Based Compound Tea Drink, on Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background: The Bashan drink is a vegetable plant-based compound tea drink combing several pure plant ingredients. Plant-based ingredients are rich in phytochemicals, which can regulate human metabolic enzymes. For instance, catechin-rich green tea can reduce insulin resistance, increase insulin sensitivity and improve postprandial blood glucose. Objective: To observe the effects of Bashan on blood glucose (BG) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients by a standardized mashed potato meal and continuous BG monitoring. Methods: A total of 29 patients (23 males, age 49.64±1.71years, HbA1c 8.49±0.42%) with T2DM who were newly diagnosed or failed to achieve glycemic control using antidiabetic monotherapy were included in the study. Subjects were randomized to take either 180ml of Bashan or water 3 times a day directly after meals for 2 weeks, with a 1-week washout period. Before and after the intervention, subjects were detected BG for 240 min after a mashed potato meal (368.5 kcal: 61.4 g carbohydrate, 7.4 g protein and 8.9 g fat). Average blood glucose(ABG) were collected from the continuous glucose monitors. Data are presented as means ± SEM, and P &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Four subjects were excluded for not completing the study. Compared with water, drinking Bashan significantly improved the ABG on day 10 to 12 (Bashan vs water: day 10, 7.37 ± 0.40 mmol/L vs 8.03 ± 0.45 mmol/L, P = 0.029; day 11, 7.17 ± 0.36 mmol/L vs 8.12 ± 0.59 mmol/L, P = 0.032; day 12, 6.90 ± 0.36 mmol/L vs 7.86 ± 0.54 mmol/L, P = 0.018). Drinking Bashan decreased HOMA2-IR and increased Homa2-%β, though not of statistical significance. (HOMA2-IR: Bashan day 14: 1.80 ± 0.17, day 1: 1.97 ± 0.19 vs water day 14: 1.83 ± 0.15, day 1: 1.80 ± 0.18, P &amp;gt;0.05; HOMA2-%β: Bashan day 14: 86.26±9.02, day 1: 73.40 ± 8.24 vs water day 14: 74.29 ± 7.46, day 1: 71.42 ± 7.27, P &amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion: Drinking Bashan continuously can improve ABG, and can potentially improve insulin resistance and β cell function. Disclosure C.Ni: None. Z.Sun: None. X.Zhou: None. S.Yao: None.