Continental Africans Research Articles

Variability of polygenic prediction for body mass index in Africa

BackgroundPolygenic prediction studies in continental Africans are scarce. Africa’s genetic and environmental diversity pose a challenge that limits the generalizability of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for body mass index (BMI) within the continent. Studies to understand the factors that affect PRS variability within Africa are required.MethodsUsing the first multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis for BMI involving continental Africans, we derived a multi-ancestry PRS and compared its performance to a European ancestry-specific PRS in continental Africans (AWI-Gen study) and a European cohort (Estonian Biobank). We then evaluated the factors affecting the performance of the PRS in Africans which included fine-mapping resolution, allele frequencies, linkage disequilibrium patterns, and PRS-environment interactions.ResultsPolygenic prediction of BMI in continental Africans is poor compared to that in European ancestry individuals. However, we show that the multi-ancestry PRS is more predictive than the European ancestry-specific PRS due to its improved fine-mapping resolution. We noted regional variation in polygenic prediction across Africa’s East, South, and West regions, which was driven by a complex interplay of the PRS with environmental factors, such as physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, and socioeconomic status.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the role of gene-environment interactions in PRS prediction variability in Africa. PRS methods that correct for these interactions, coupled with the increased representation of Africans in GWAS, may improve PRS prediction in Africa.

The Afro-Paradox: Diasporic Chauvinism and Cultural Expertise in Afro-Brazilian Capoeira

Increasingly, Brazilian experts of capoeira—an Afro-Brazilian combat game—travel to African cities for an imagined return to the sites of capoeira's origins, as well as to train African students. Focusing on a cultural festival in Abidjan, I analyze capoeira cultural exchange events across West Africa through the anthropological lenses of expertise and racial analysis. These exchanges feature displays of Brazilian nationalism embodied by West African capoeira students, while they also reveal West Africans’ creative endeavors, such as constructing new capoeira songs in African languages. I demonstrate how the diasporic position to protect “Afro” cultural forms ironically gives way to policing creative work by continental Africans, capoeira's most recent recruits in the contemporary moment. I examine the racial hierarchies that proliferate within Black performance worlds through my concept of diasporic chauvinism to argue that diasporic returns can marginalize Africans and their innovations.

Learning to Be Black in America

Whereas a lot has already been written on the manifestations, representations, and effects of race and racism on Black people generally, not as much attention has been paid to the meaningful distinctions in the racial experiences and perceptions of continental Africans who migrate to the United States. This paper presumes that continental Africans experience race differently from African-Americans, and that this experiential and notional difference complicates relations between these two groups. Upon arrival, African immigrants learn to live Black in a matured racial space – the United States – which does not often differentiate ethnic and national differences in racial experience. It is this learning to live black and becoming Black that I call racial enculturation. In thinking through this friction, this paper contrasts Chimamanda Adichie’s Americanah with Ta-Nehisi Coates’ Between the World and Me to unearth the divergences in their accountings of racial encounters.
 I posit a taxonomy of four enculturation anxieties that African immigrants to the US face: racial levelling, fraternal nervousness, racial etiquette, and political will. I propose these four nodes as a lens by which to see racial experience from the African immigrants’ viewpoint and how it destabilizes the predominant view from the African American and white perspective. This paper will also show that the variance in the historical experiences of colonialism, slavery, and apartheid among different groups of Black people globally has material implications for how we represent and theorize race and racism.

Genome-wide association analysis of cystatin-C kidney function in continental Africa

Chronic kidney disease is becoming more prevalent in Africa, and its genetic determinants are poorly understood. Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is commonly used to estimate kidney function, modelling the excretion of the endogenous biomarker (creatinine). However, eGFR based on creatinine has been shown to inadequately detect individuals with low kidney function in Sub-Saharan Africa, with eGFR based on cystatin-C (eGFRcys) exhibiting significantly superior performance. Therefore, we opted to conduct a GWAS for eGFRcys. Using the Uganda Genomic Resource, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of eGFRcys in 5877 Ugandans and evaluated replication in independent studies. Subsequently, putative causal variants were screened through Bayesian fine-mapping. Functional annotation of the GWAS loci was performed using Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA). Three independent lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (P-value <5×10-8 (based on likelihood ratio test (LRT))) were identified; rs59288815 (ANK3), rs4277141 (OR51B5) and rs911119 (CST3). From fine-mapping, rs59288815 and rs911119 each had a posterior probability of causality of >99%. The rs911119 SNP maps to the cystatin C gene and has been previously associated with eGFRcys among Europeans. With gene-set enrichment analyses of the olfactory receptor family 51 overlapping genes, we identified an association with the G-alpha-S signalling events. Our study found two previously unreported associated SNPs for eGFRcys in continental Africans (rs59288815 and rs4277141) and validated a previously well-established SNP (rs911119) for eGFRcys. The identified gene-set enrichment for the G-protein signalling pathways relates to the capacity of the kidney to readily adapt to an ever-changing environment. Additional GWASs are required to represent the diverse regions in Africa. Wellcome (220740/Z/20/Z).

Multivariate GWAS analysis reveals loci associated with liver functions in continental African populations.

Liver disease is any condition that causes liver damage and inflammation and may likely affect the function of the liver. Vital biochemical screening tools that can be used to evaluate the health of the liver and help diagnose, prevent, monitor, and control the development of liver disease are known as liver function tests (LFT). LFTs are performed to estimate the level of liver biomarkers in the blood. Several factors are associated with differences in concentration levels of LFTs in individuals, such as genetic and environmental factors. The aim of our study was to identify genetic loci associated with liver biomarker levels with a shared genetic basis in continental Africans, using a multivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. We used two distinct African populations, the Ugandan Genome Resource (UGR = 6,407) and South African Zulu cohort (SZC = 2,598). The six LFTs used in our analysis were: aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin, and albumin. A multivariate GWAS of LFTs was conducted using the exact linear mixed model (mvLMM) approach implemented in GEMMA and the resulting P-values were presented in Manhattan and quantile-quantile (QQ) plots. First, we attempted to replicate the findings of the UGR cohort in SZC. Secondly, given that the genetic architecture of UGR is different from that of SZC, we further undertook similar analysis in the SZC and discussed the results separately. A total of 59 SNPs reached genome-wide significance (P = 5x10-8) in the UGR cohort and with 13 SNPs successfully replicated in SZC. These included a novel lead SNP near the RHPN1 locus (lead SNP rs374279268, P-value = 4.79x10-9, Effect Allele Frequency (EAF) = 0.989) and a lead SNP at the RGS11 locus (lead SNP rs148110594, P-value = 2.34x10-8, EAF = 0.928). 17 SNPs were significant in the SZC, while all the SNPs fall within a signal on chromosome 2, rs1976391 mapped to UGT1A was identified as the lead SNP within this region. Using multivariate GWAS method improves the power to detect novel genotype-phenotype associations for liver functions not found with the standard univariate GWAS in the same dataset.

Malcolm X, Pan-Africanism, and the Organization of African Unity: Appealing to Shepherds on Behalf of Their Lost Sheep at the 1964 OAU Summit

Malcolm X’s appeal to the African Heads of State at the 1964 Organization of African Unity (OAU) meeting was necessary to strengthen the Pan-African bonds between Africans and African-Americans during that time. Following the anti-communism push in the post-WWII United States, many Black leaders disassociated with the anti-colonial movements in Africa and began to have a more domestic focus in their pursuit of freedom. While Malcolm X had consistently viewed the struggle of African-Americans as connected to the independence struggle of continental Africans, his 1964 appeal was a high mark. Through a comparative analysis of the speeches of the African Heads of State from this OAU summit, the author explores the way those leaders addressed the African-American, South African, and Palestinian struggles differently. Based on that study, the author concludes that Malcolm’s appeal to these leaders was necessary if the African-American problem was going to gain more attention from them.

Introduction: African International Migration to the West: Insights from Canada, Australia and Nigeria

Introduction: African International Migration to the West: Insights from Canada, Australia and Nigeria

Anticolonial poetics: forging solidarities and imagining futures

ABSTRACT This paper explores the construction of affective solidarities within and across the spaces and boundaries of colonized and racialized worlds in the works of militant poets of the Portuguese colonies in Africa. From the 1940s to the 1960s a distinct form of anticolonial poetry emerged written by a generation of Angolans and Mozambicans who became involved in the liberation struggles. The paper examines how poetry served as a vehicle to imagine and call into being various subjectivities and affective relations which actively countered the restrictions of colonialism and racism, especially on the part of the assimilados, the small educated elite constructed by Portuguese colonialism. Several important forms of anticolonial connectivity are expressed in these poems: connections with the broader African diaspora in North America, the Caribbean and Brazil; connections with all continental Africans; connections across the spaces of the Portuguese colonial empire – Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cabo Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe; and connections of solidarity and unity between the assimilados and indígenas of the Portuguese colonies. These various dimensions of affective connection were constitutive of a new anticolonial imagination and looked towards liberated futures.

Rationale, Design, and the Baseline Characteristics of the RHDGen (The Genetics of Rheumatic Heart Disease) Network Study†.

The genetics of rheumatic heart disease (RHDGen) Network was developed to assist the discovery and validation of genetic variations and biomarkers of risk for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in continental Africans, as a part of the global fight to control and eradicate rheumatic fever/RHD. Thus, we describe the rationale and design of the RHDGen study, comprising participants from 8 African countries. RHDGen screened potential participants using echocardiography, thereafter enrolling RHD cases and ethnically-matched controls for whom case characteristics were documented. Biological samples were collected for conducting genetic analyses, including a discovery case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a replication trio family study. Additional biological samples were also collected, and processed, for the measurement of biomarker analytes and the biomarker analyses are underway. Participants were enrolled into RHDGen between December 2012 and March 2018. For GWAS, 2548 RHD cases and 2261 controls (3301 women [69%]; mean age [SD], 37 [16.3] years) were available. RHD cases were predominantly Black (66%), Admixed (24%), and other ethnicities (10%). Among RHD cases, 34% were asymptomatic, 26% had prior valve surgery, and 23% had atrial fibrillation. The trio family replication arm included 116 RHD trio probands and 232 parents. RHDGen presents a rare opportunity to identify relevant patterns of genetic factors and biomarkers in Africans that may be associated with differential RHD risk. Furthermore, the RHDGen Network provides a platform for further work on fully elucidating the causes and mechanisms associated with RHD susceptibility and development.

Coronavirus Host Genomics Study: South Africa (COVIGen-SA).

Host genetic factors are known to modify the susceptibility, severity, and outcomes of COVID-19 and vary across populations. However, continental Africans are yet to be adequately represented in such studies despite the importance of genetic factors in understanding Africa's response to the pandemic. We describe the development of a research resource for coronavirus host genomics studies in South Africa known as COVIGen-SA—a multicollaborator strategic partnership designed to provide harmonised demographic, clinical, and genetic information specific to Black South Africans with COVID-19. Over 2,000 participants have been recruited to date. Preliminary results on 1,354 SARS-CoV-2 positive participants from four participating studies showed that 64.7% were female, 333 had severe disease, and 329 were people living with HIV. Through this resource, we aim to provide insights into host genetic factors relevant to African-ancestry populations, using both genome-wide association testing and targeted sequencing of important genomic loci. This project will promote and enhance partnerships, build skills, and develop resources needed to address the COVID-19 burden and associated risk factors in South African communities.

EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY: Arusha Summit

Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 59, Issue 7 p. 23932A-23932C Continental Developments EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY: Arusha Summit First published: 05 September 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2022.10688.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume59, Issue7September 2022Pages 23932A-23932C RelatedInformation

AFRICAN UNION – RUSSIA/UKRAINE: Sall Meets Putin

Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 59, Issue 5 p. 23860A-23861B Continental Developments AFRICAN UNION – RUSSIA/UKRAINE: Sall Meets Putin First published: 02 July 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2022.10595.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume59, Issue5July 2022Pages 23860A-23861B RelatedInformation

Apolipoprotein L1 High-Risk Genotypes and Albuminuria in Sub-Saharan African Populations.

Recessive inheritance of African-specific APOL1 kidney risk variants is associated with higher risk of nondiabetic kidney disease, progression to kidney failure, and early-onset albuminuria that precedes eGFR decline. The effect of APOL1 risk variants on kidney disease in continental Africans is understudied. Objectives of this study were to determine APOL1 risk allele prevalence and associations between APOL1 genotypes and kidney disease in West, East, and South Africa. This cross-sectional population-based study in four African countries included 10,769 participants largely aged 40-60 years with sociodemographic and health information, anthropometry data, and blood and urine tests for biomarkers of kidney disease. APOL1 risk alleles were imputed from the H3Africa genotyping array, APOL1 risk allele and genotype frequencies were determined, and genetic associations were assessed for kidney disease. Kidney disease was defined as the presence of eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, albuminuria, or a composite end point including eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and/or albuminuria. High G1 allele frequencies occurred in South and West Africa (approximately 7%-13%). G2 allele frequencies were highest in South Africa (15%-24%), followed by West Africa (9%-12%). Associations between APOL1 risk variants and albuminuria were significant for recessive (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 2.12) and additive (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.76) models. Associations were stronger for APOL1 G1/G1 genotypes versus G0/G0 (odds ratio, 3.87; 95% confidence interval, 2.16 to 6.93) compared with either G2/G2 (odds ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 2.51) or G1/G2 (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.87). No association between APOL1 risk variants and eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was observed. APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles and high-risk genotype frequencies differed between and within West and South Africa and were almost absent from East Africa. APOL1 risk variants were associated with albuminuria but not eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. There may be differential effects of homozygous G1 and G2 genotypes on albuminuria that require further investigation. This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_05_16_CJN14321121.mp3.

Global Black Rhetorics: A New Framework for Engaging African and Afro-Diasporic Rhetorical Traditions

ABSTRACT Given the influx in people of African descent immigrating to the United States from diverse national, linguistic, and ethnic backgrounds, the demographics of the US Black community has shifted significantly over the last several decades. As a result of these changes, it is imperative that approaches to rhetorical studies, especially African-centered cultural rhetorics, remain inclusive and representative of diverse Black experiences in the United States and abroad. Toward this end, the authors propose a new disciplinary subfield called Global Black Rhetorics (GBR). GBR emphasizes engaging similarities and differences across Black experiences, positions of power, and privilege, which includes acknowledging, studying, and prioritizing the histories, languages, rhetorical traditions, and practices of continental Africans, Afro-Caribbeans, Afro-Latinx, Afro-Europeans, and other people of African descent across the African Diaspora. The authors introduce a four-themed framework for GBR that includes: assessing methods of education about global Black experiences, studying and teaching Black language diversity, teaching and citing contemporary rhetors and texts from Africa and African Diasporic contexts, and prioritizing healing as a communal goal for all Black people. The essay concludes with an introduction to the contributors of this special issue whose research advances the authors’ call for a globalized approach to Black Rhetorics.

Genetic loci implicated in meta-analysis of body shape in Africans

Background and aimsObesity is one of the leading causes of non-communicable diseases (NCD). Thus, NCD risk varies in obese individuals based on the location of their fat depots; while subcutaneous adiposity is protective, visceral adiposity increases NCD risk. Although, previously anthropometric traits have been used to quantify body shape in low-income settings, there is no consensus on how it should be assessed. Hence, there is a growing interest to evaluate body shape derived from the principal component analysis (PCA) of anthropometric traits; however, this is yet to be explored in individuals of African ancestry whose body shape is different from those of Europeans. We set out to capture body shape in its multidimensional structure and examine the association between genetic variants and body shape in individuals of African ancestry. Method and resultsWe performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for body shape derived from PCA analysis of anthropometric traits in the Ugandan General Population Cohort (GPC, n = 6407) and the South African Zulu Cohort (SZC, n = 2595), followed by a GWAS meta-analysis to assess the genetic variants associated with body shape. We identified variants in FGF12, GRM8, TLX1NB and TRAP1 to be associated with body shape. These genes were different from the genes been associated with BMI, height, weight, WC and waist-hip ration in continental Africans. Notably, we also observed that a standard deviation change in body shape was associated with an increase in blood pressure and blood lipids. ConclusionVariants associated with body shape, as a composite variable might be different for those of individual anthropometric traits. Larger studies are required to further explore these phenomena.

EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY: DR Congo Admission

Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 58, Issue 12 p. 23680A-23680C Continental Developments EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY: DR Congo Admission First published: 03 February 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2022.10368.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume58, Issue12February 2022Pages 23680A-23680C RelatedInformation

Polygenic Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes in Africa.

OBJECTIVEPolygenic prediction of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in continental Africans is adversely affected by the limited number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of T2D from Africa and the poor transferability of European-derived polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in diverse ethnicities. We set out to evaluate if African American, European, or multiethnic-derived PRSs would improve polygenic prediction in continental Africans.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSUsing the PRSice software, ethnic-specific PRSs were computed with weights from the T2D GWAS multiancestry meta-analysis of 228,499 case and 1,178,783 control subjects. The South African Zulu study (n = 1,602 case and 981 control subjects) was used as the target data set. Validation and assessment of the best predictive PRS association with age at diagnosis were conducted in the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study (n = 2,148 case and 2,161 control subjects).RESULTSThe discriminatory ability of the African American and multiethnic PRSs was similar. However, the African American–derived PRS was more transferable in all the countries represented in the AADM cohort and predictive of T2D in the country combined analysis compared with the European and multiethnic-derived scores. Notably, participants in the 10th decile of this PRS had a 3.63-fold greater risk (odds ratio 3.63; 95% CI 2.19–4.03; P = 2.79 × 10−17) per risk allele of developing diabetes and were diagnosed 2.6 years earlier than those in the first decile.CONCLUSIONSAfrican American–derived PRS enhances polygenic prediction of T2D in continental Africans. Improved representation of non-European populations (including Africans) in GWAS promises to provide better tools for precision medicine interventions in T2D.

Genome-wide analyses of multiple obesity-related cytokines and hormones informs biology of cardiometabolic traits

BackgroundA complex set of perturbations occur in cytokines and hormones in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and related cardiometabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Evidence for the genetic regulation of these cytokines and hormones is limited, particularly in African-ancestry populations. In order to improve our understanding of the biology of cardiometabolic traits, we investigated the genetic architecture of a large panel of obesity- related cytokines and hormones among Africans with replication analyses in African Americans.MethodsWe performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 4432 continental Africans, enrolled from Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria as part of the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study, for 13 obesity-related cytokines and hormones, including adipsin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1-RA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), resistin, visfatin, insulin, glucagon, and ghrelin. Exact and local replication analyses were conducted in African Americans (n = 7990). The effects of sex, body mass index (BMI), and T2D on results were investigated through stratified analyses.ResultsGWAS identified 39 significant (P value < 5 × 10−8) loci across all 13 traits. Notably, 14 loci were African-ancestry specific. In this first GWAS for adipsin and ghrelin, we detected 13 and 4 genome-wide significant loci respectively. Stratified analyses by sex, BMI, and T2D showed a strong effect of these variables on detected loci. Eight novel loci were successfully replicated: adipsin (3), GIP (1), GLP-1 (1), and insulin (3). Annotation of these loci revealed promising links between these adipocytokines and cardiometabolic outcomes as illustrated by rs201751833 for adipsin and blood pressure and locus rs759790 for insulin level and T2D in lean individuals.ConclusionsOur study identified genetic variants underlying variation in multiple adipocytokines, including the first loci for adipsin and ghrelin. We identified population differences in variants associated with adipocytokines and highlight the importance of stratification for discovery of loci. The high number of African-specific loci detected emphasizes the need for GWAS in African-ancestry populations, as these loci could not have been detected in other populations. Overall, our work contributes to the understanding of the biology linking adipocytokines to cardiometabolic traits.

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 58, Issue 5 p. 23446A-23448B Continental Developments AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK First published: 04 July 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2021.10071.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume58, Issue5July 2021Pages 23446A-23448B RelatedInformation

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC – CHAD: Cross‐Border Attack

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 58, Issue 6 p. 23186A-23187A Continental Alignments CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC – CHAD: Cross-Border Attack First published: 30 July 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2021.10031.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume58, Issue6July 2021Pages 23186A-23187A RelatedInformation