Context Of Practice Research Articles

Swedish teacher conceptions of assessment: a focus on improving outcomes

ABSTRACT Understanding teachers’ conceptions of assessment is a key objective in supporting assessment practices that lead to improved learning outcomes. Thus, inventories capable of identifying teachers’ assessment conceptions are important. The Teachers Conceptions of Assessment (TCoA) inventory was an early and influential measure of teacher assessment conceptions, but replication studies have shown that the model may be affected by policy and practice context. In the present study, a Swedish adaptation of the TCoA was administered twice, 18 months apart. A sample of 249 teachers were matched across the 2 time-points and their self-reported scores were analysed with confirmatory factor analysis and invariance testing. With good correspondence to the data, six of the nine factors in the TCoA were completely replicated and one factor was partially replicated. The model had sufficient similarity between time points to permit mean score comparisons, which were largely equivalent between times. The study indicates that the Swedish Teacher Conceptions of Assessment adaptation can be used reliably in Swedish primary and lower secondary schools as measure of teacher conceptions of the uses of assessment.

Empathy in the Workplace: Disentangling Affective from Cognitive Empathy

AbstractEmpathy plays a crucial role in the workplace, associated with positive outcomes, including helping behavior and task performance. While most studies have treated empathy as a unidimensional and trait-like characteristic, empathy is best understood as a two-dimensional construct, encompassing stable and fluctuating aspects. Considering this conceptualization, our research explores the relationship between the two dimensions – affective and cognitive empathy – with well-being and prosocial behavior, both at the trait and state levels. We hypothesized that affective empathy is positively associated with fatigue, whereas cognitive empathy is positively related to provided support. Furthermore, we predicted that these relationships would be especially pronounced on days when employees witness conflicts in the workplace. Our results, drawn from two diary studies (Ns = 119 and 179), indicated that affective empathy was related to fatigue, and cognitive empathy was related to provided support on the trait level, supporting our hypotheses. However, the distinctions between the two empathy dimensions were less prominent at the state level, and these effects did not depend on observed conflicts. These findings suggest that affective and cognitive empathy have differential effects, emphasizing the need for balanced and beneficial utilization of empathy in both theoretical development and practical workplace contexts.

Moral Distress of Nurses Working in Paediatric Healthcare Settings

This scoping review aims to map the evidence on moral distress of nurses working in paediatric healthcare settings from homecare to hospital. It was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. International databases were searched according to the specific thesaurus and free search terms. Independent screening and analysis were conducted using Rayyan QCRI. This review considered a total of 54 studies, including quantitative and qualitative studies, systematic reviews, and grey literature; English and Portuguese languages were included. Moral distress is a phenomenon discussed in nursing literature and in the paediatric context but is considered absent from discussion in clinical practice. It is caused by disproportionate care associated with overtreatment. Nurses can present a variety of symptoms, characterising moral distress as a highly subjective experience. The paediatric contexts of practice should promote a healthy ethical climate and work towards a moral community built with peer support, education, communication, leadership, and management involvement. Moral distress is still a complex and challenging multidimensional concept, and the aim should be to promote a culture of prevention of the devastating consequences of moral distress and work towards moral resilience.

Shadows of quantum machine learning

Quantum machine learning is often highlighted as one of the most promising practical applications for which quantum computers could provide a computational advantage. However, a major obstacle to the widespread use of quantum machine learning models in practice is that these models, even once trained, still require access to a quantum computer in order to be evaluated on new data. To solve this issue, we introduce a class of quantum models where quantum resources are only required during training, while the deployment of the trained model is classical. Specifically, the training phase of our models ends with the generation of a ‘shadow model’ from which the classical deployment becomes possible. We prove that: (i) this class of models is universal for classically-deployed quantum machine learning; (ii) it does have restricted learning capacities compared to ‘fully quantum’ models, but nonetheless (iii) it achieves a provable learning advantage over fully classical learners, contingent on widely believed assumptions in complexity theory. These results provide compelling evidence that quantum machine learning can confer learning advantages across a substantially broader range of scenarios, where quantum computers are exclusively employed during the training phase. By enabling classical deployment, our approach facilitates the implementation of quantum machine learning models in various practical contexts.

The role of motivation in shaping social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in physical-sports activity contexts.

The present study aims to test a model in which basic psychological needs (BPN) satisfaction in physical-sport activity contexts is associated with self-determined motivation, which, in turn, would predict the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities. A total of 286 people with intellectual disabilities (53.5% men) who reported engaging in physical-sport activities responded to a validated questionnaire about the satisfaction of their BPN, motivation (using the Self-determination index [SDI]), and social inclusion. A Pearson's bivariate correlation and structural equation modeling were conducted. The resulting model was reanalyzed in a multigroup analysis to test its invariance across self and proxy reports. Positive associations were found between the satisfaction of the BPN and the SDI. However, the SDI and social inclusion were positively associated only in proxy reports (βself=0.07 vs. βproxy=0.30). The tested model established positive relationships between the BPN and SDI in autonomy (βself=0.21 vs. βproxy=0.18), competence (βself=0.47 vs. βproxy=0.53), and relatedness (βself=0.21 vs. βproxy=0.23). Further research is needed to understand the factors leading to discrepancies between participants and proxies when relating the SDI to social inclusion in the context of physical-sport activity. However, the results obtained suggest that it would be optimal to develop contexts of practice for people with intellectual disabilities in which the satisfaction of their BPN is favored and that this has a positive impact on their motivation and social inclusion.

'Becoming restrained': Conceptualising restrictive practices in the care of people living with dementia in acute hospital settings.

The use of restrictive practices within health and social care has attracted policy and practice attention, predominantly focusing on children and young people with mental health conditions, learning disabilities and autism. However, despite growing appreciation of the need to improve care quality for people living with dementia (PLWD), the potentially routine use of restrictive practices in their care has received little attention. PLWD are at significant risk of experiencing restrictive practices during unscheduled acute hospital admissions. In everyday routine hospital care of PLWD, concerns about subtle and less visible forms of restrictive practices and their impacts remain. This article draws on Deleuze's concepts of 'assemblage' and 'event' to conceptualise restrictive practices as institutional, interconnection social and political attitudes and organisational cultural practices. We argue that this approach illuminates the diverse ways restrictive practices are used, legitimatised and perpetuated in the care of PLWD. We examine restrictive practices in acute care contexts, understanding their use requires examining the wider socio-political, organisational cultures and professional practice contexts in which clinical practices occurs. Whereas 'events' and 'assemblages' have predominantly been used to examine embodied entanglements in diverse health contexts, examining restrictive practices as a structural assemblage extends the application of this theoretical framework.

P-482 Construct validity of the donor conception identity questionnaire and its association with searching for and finding donor connections

Abstract Study question Is there an association between donor conception identity, psychological and social wellbeing, and searching for and finding donor connections? Summary answer Donor conceived individuals differ on key domains that tap into aspects of their donor conception identity. These relate to searching for and finding donor connections. What is known already There is variation in the ways that donor conceived individuals feel about their conception. Factors such as the age of disclosure are associated with how donor conceived individuals feel about being donor conceived. Associations have been found between donor conception identity and parent-child relationship quality among adolescents, suggesting that curiosity and negativity about donor conception are influenced by the valence of the parent-child relationship. The Donor Conception Identity Questionnaire (DCIQ) has not been previously validated. Study design, size, duration 88 donor conceived adults in the UK participated in a cross-sectional study using an online multi-method survey. Data were collected between January and August 2022. The survey was advertised by the Donor Conception Network and Donor Conceived Register Registrants’ Panel via mailing lists and social media and circulated by the research team and others on social media and university mailing lists. The present findings draw from a subsection of the data collected from this survey. Participants/materials, setting, methods Most participants identified as female (n = 65,74%) and were conceived using donor sperm (n = 79,90%). Participants completed the 25-item DCIQ (adapted from studies of donor conception and adoption identity), and the Mental Health Continuum, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and adapted versions of the community connectedness and pride subscales of the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure and the HIV Stigma Scale. Participants reported on whether they had searched for and/or found donor connections. Main results and the role of chance Factor analysis of items on the DCIQ identified four domains: 1. Concern and centrality, 2. Internalised stigma, 3. Pride and acceptance, and 4. Openness and understanding. ‘Concern and centrality’ correlated positively with community connectedness (r(86)= 283, p=.008), and stigma (r(86)= 280, p= .008), and negatively with pride (r(86) =-.398, p<.001). ‘Internalised stigma’ was positively correlated with stigma (r(86)=.858, p<.001) and negatively correlated with psychological wellbeing (r(85)=-.378, p <.001), satisfaction with life (r(86)= -.263, p=.013) and pride (r(86)=-716, p<.001). ‘Pride and acceptance’ was positively correlated with psychological wellbeing (r(85) = .276, p = .010), satisfaction with life (r(86)=.329, p =.002) and pride (r(86)=.800, p<.001), and negatively correlated with stigma (r(86)=-.396, p <.001). ‘Openness and understanding’ was positively correlated with psychological wellbeing (r(85)=.304, p=.004), satisfaction with life (r(86)=.316, p=.003), and pride (r(86)=.584, p<.001) and negatively correlated with stigma (r(86)=-.614, p<.001). Searchers scored higher than non-searchers on ‘concern and centrality’ F(1, 79) = 7.543, p= .007 and ‘internalised stigma’ (F(1, 79)=4.355, p=.040). Donor conceived individuals who had found donor connections scored lower on ‘internalised stigma’ F(1, 79) = 7.071, p=.009 and higher on ‘openness and understanding’ (F(1, 79)=6.083, p=0.016) compared to those who had not found their donor connections. Limitations, reasons for caution Lack of diversity within the sample with regards to participant gender, age, and donation type means that findings may not apply across donor conceived populations. The sample were self-selected. Causal relationships between variables cannot be established. Wider implications of the findings The DCIQ may be useful to understand variation in donor conceived people’s psychological health and interest in their donor. The value of the measure in a practical context (e.g., in counselling) should now be evaluated. Further work to validate the scale across different contexts and with different populations is recommended. Trial registration number the UK Economic and Social Research Council [New Investigator Award ES/S015426/1

Enhancing chloride ion permeability resistance of recycled aggregate concrete through internal curing with glazed hollow beads

This study explores the effects of glazed hollow beads (GHB) dosage and additional water amount on the capillary negative pressure, mechanical properties, initial resistivity, and electric flux in conditions where recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is subject to cracking. The chloride ion (Cl-) diffusion coefficient for RAC cured internally was evaluated using the resistivity method, which also looked at the relationship between the diffusion coefficient, GHB dosage, and additional water amount. This analysis advances our understanding of the functional mechanisms of pre-soaked GHB in RAC. The research reveals that incorporating pre-soaked GHB enhances RAC in two primary ways. Firstly, pre-soaked GHB acts as an internal curing agent that stimulates the formation of hydration products, thereby filling internal voids and mitigating micro-crack development. Secondly, it functions as an adsorbent. The differential in relative humidity and internal pressure between the unsaturated GHB and the cement stone matrix promotes the sequestration of corrosive agents in cracked RAC. Additionally, an internal curing impact factor has been introduced, forming the basis of a new model to calculate the Cl- diffusion coefficient that accounts for both GHB dosage and additional water intake. The established quantitative relationships between resistivity, electric flux, and Cl- diffusion coefficient in GHB-treated RAC (GHB-RAC) provide a methodological framework for quickly evaluating the durability of GHB-RAC against Cl- intrusion in practical engineering contexts.

The Materiality of the Archive: Creative Practice in Context

The Materiality of the Archive: Creative Practice in Context

Simulation and analysis of dam leakage inlet detection based on pseudo-flow field method

Seepage hazards in dams remain a critical issue in flood control engineering. The pseudo-flow field method has shown high efficacy in detecting seepage points within dam structures. This paper delves into the core characteristics of the pseudo-flow field method, aiming to accelerate its detection speed in practical engineering contexts. By employing the Laplace equation for electric current, we established a numerical model to simulate the method's application in real-world scenarios. The simulation reveals the key characteristics of potential and current density distributions along measuring lines within the pseudo-flow field. Both horizontal and vertical measuring lines show a peak distribution of current density and potential near the seepage point, gradually diminishing towards the periphery. Conversely, vertical measuring lines further from the seepage point exhibit minimal changes, presenting a uniform distribution of current density and potential. The results confirm that the pseudo-flow field method can effectively detect seepage locations and that strategic placement of measuring lines can markedly improve detection speed.

Back to Bureaucracy? The Advent of the Neo-Weberian State in Germany

In this contribution, the emergence of the Neo-Weberian State (NWS) is analyzed with regard to the German public administration. Drawing on the concept of a “governance space” which consists of hierarchy, markets and networks, we make a distinction between four empirical manifestations of the of NWS, namely NWS as (1) Come back of the public/re-municipalization; (2) re-hierarchization; (3) de-agencification; (4) de-escalation in performance management. These movements can on the one hand be interpreted as (partial) reversal of NPM approaches and a ‘swinging back of the pendulum’ (see XX & YY, 2019) towards the public and classical Weberian principles (e.g. hierarchy, regulation, institutional re-aggregation). This resulted in a re-strengthening of hierarchy within the overall “governance space” to the detriment of market mechanisms and networks without completely replacing the last two mentioned. As the NPM has not delivered what it promised and does not appear as an appropriate response to more recent challenges connected to crises and wicked problems, a partial “return of the public” and a move away from the economisation logic of NPM have been observed. On the other hand, and connected to this, Post-NPM reversals and managerial “de-escalation” gave way to hybrid models merging NPM and classic Weberian administration. While there are some well-functioning mixtures of NPM and Weberianism, the hybridization of “old” and “neo” elements has also provoked ambivalent and rather negative assessments regarding the actual functioning of NWS in Germany. For reform practices and future administrative modernization, it can be deduced from our analysis that the NWS is only partially suitable as a model for reforms, largely depending on the context of reform and implementation practices.

Promoting Knowledge Dissemination and Sharing Via Interactive Research: Pioneering an EvidenceBased Approach to Enhance Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Implementa-tion

Effective occupational health and safety (OHS) practices play a crucial role in preserving the health and safety of employees in the workplace. In this context, the effectiveness and efficiency of OHS practices require the continuous integration of up-to-date and evidence-based information. Occupational health and safety are constantly faced with new threats, making it vital for OHS practices to remain current and adaptable. In this regard, this study aims to explore the potential of interactive research methods to support knowledge transfer and exchange within the field of OHS. Compared to traditional methods of sharing information, interactive research encourages a more profound exchange of knowledge among OHS practitioners. This fosters the rapid adaptation and more effective implementation of OHS strategies in workplaces. Particularly noteworthy is the promotion of real-time information sharing among OHS practitioners, enabling swift responses to emergencies or emerging risks. Interactive research methods also have the capacity to establish a collaborative platform among OHS professionals, decision-makers, and researchers. This approach not only encourages more informed decision-making in OHS matters but also enhances the more effective management of workplace risks. The continuous improvement and updating of OHS practices further contribute to providing better protection for the health and safety of employees. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need for OHS professionals, decision-makers, and researchers to embrace interactive research methods to create safer and healthier work environments. These methods contribute to the ongoing enhancement of OHS practices and aid in minimizing workplace risks. This innovative approach within the field of OHS plays a pivotal role in achieving the goal of creating safer and healthier workplaces in the future.

Sport pedagogy in played-form practice in soccer: the articulation between contents and contexts

ABSTRACT The emergence of a Nonlinear Pedagogical approach that accounts for nonlinearity in learning supports exploratory behaviour during practice, mainly through the design of relevant contexts of practice. The purpose of this article is to present a framework based on Ecological Dynamics and the principles of Nonlinear Pedagogy to assemble contents and contexts from key compatibilities in the design of played-form practice for soccer. Our review of notions related to the game (contents) and formats of played-form practice (contexts) covered in scientific literature is conducted with the objective to display them as parallel continuums and suggest associations between their respective steps. The result of this review is presented in the form of four inter-connected levels of contents, namely actions, principles, ideas, and model, for it provides clarification about relevant possibilities for actions and intervention strategies to explore within the play. We conclude that contexts are important platforms to incorporate both content and pedagogical strategies.

Experiences of pursuing an intensivist career in regional and rural Australia: An interview study.

The regional and rural intensivist workforce is vital to delivering high standards of healthcare to all Australians. Currently, there is an impending workforce disaster, with higher senior medical officer vacancy rates among regional and rural intensive care units, with these units being staffed by junior doctors who are in earlier stages of their training, which in turn increases supervisory burden. There is a lack of comprehensive literature on the barriers and enablers of training, recruiting and retaining regional and rural intensivists. To address this gap, a qualitative study was conducted, involving 13 in-depth, structured interviews with full-time and part-time intensivists from eight Australian regional and rural hospitals. Content analysis of the interview data resulted in the identification of four major categories: unique practice context, need for a broad generalist skill set, perks and challenges of working in a regional/rural area and workforce implications. The study findings revealed that regional and rural intensive care practice offers positive aspects, including work satisfaction, supportive local teams and an appealing lifestyle. However, these benefits are counterbalanced by challenges such as a heavier burden of on-call work, a higher proportion of junior staff which increase supervisory burden and limited access to subspecialist services. The implications of these findings are noteworthy and can be utilised to inform government policies, hospitals, the College of Intensive Care Medicine and the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists in developing strategies to enhance the provision of intensive care services and improve workforce planning in regional and rural areas.

Labouring on a journey in conceptualising a needs-based induction (NBI) programme: An Autoethnographic reflections and experiences

This autoethnographic (AE) paper draws directly from a national collaborative project called the New Academics Transitioning into Higher Education Project (NATHEP), which is funded by the University Capacity Development Grant (UCDG). We adopted evocative and narrative AE methodology to confront, interrogate, and uncover our own biases, assumptions, and preconceptions of induction before NATHEP, how it is now, and how it should be understood and conducted after being part of the NATHEP project. Our AE showcases our critical and reflective thoughts on the learning acquired throughout the journey, consciously and intentionally asking ourselves whether the NATHEP journey was worth it and how it benefitted the induction programme we conceptualised and implemented. Through a combined autoethnography study design and technique, we were able to gather qualitative data from the two of us and present it as written reflective narratives. Together, we developed an open-ended questionnaire in which we asked questions that sought to elicit our experiences throughout the journey as a way of reflecting on the overall learning acquired by being part of the NATHEP project. Our responses and narratives are reflectively and thematically analysed to make sense of how we interpret our eventful NATHEP journey thus far. We conclude and submit that this paper has implications for academic development practice and academic developers who aspire to be reflective practitioners, constantly reflecting on their practices to dismantle and disrupt cultural tendencies in their quest to transform their context of work and induction practices.

Design Guidelines for Enterprise Software Training in Higher Education Based on Technology-Mediated Learning

There is an increasing demand for a qualified future workforce in the enterprise software (ES) domain, for which students should be prepared. However, due to the complexity of ES, many lecturers lack the skills to practically integrate ES into their teaching activities. ES training must be investigated holistically to address this issue, integrating the perspectives of the involved actors. Therefore, the research field of technology-mediated learning (TML) offers valuable concepts. In this paper, we first identify and present five main concepts of TML performance based on related literature. Second, we present findings from a single-case study conducted within the global academic alliance program of the ES company SAP. The program’s objective is to demonstrate the practical application of ES to students through lecturers. Unlike previous research, we consider the students’ perspective and incorporate the viewpoints of lecturers and subject matter experts (SMEs) who train the lecturers to create a comprehensive overview. Based on the insights from TML literature and the case study, we present design guidelines for ES training that take into account TML concepts, actors’ perspectives, and training aspects. Our findings highlight the universal applicability of TML in the practical context of designing ES training in higher education.

Understanding the processes underpinning IMPlementing IMProved Asthma self-management as RouTine (IMP2ART) in primary care: study protocol for a process evaluation within a cluster randomised controlled implementation trial

BackgroundProviding supported self-management for people with asthma can reduce the burden on patients, health services and wider society. Implementation, however, remains poor in routine clinical practice. IMPlementing IMProved Asthma self-management as RouTine (IMP2ART) is a UK-wide cluster randomised implementation trial that aims to test the impact of a whole-systems implementation strategy, embedding supported asthma self-management in primary care compared with usual care. To maximise opportunities for sustainable implementation beyond the trial, it is necessary to understand how and why the IMP2ART trial achieved its clinical and implementation outcomes.MethodsA mixed-methods process evaluation nested within the IMP2ART trial will be undertaken to understand how supported self-management was implemented (or not) by primary care practices, to aid interpretation of trial findings and to inform scaling up and sustainability. Data and analysis strategies have been informed by mid-range and programme-level theory. Quantitative data will be collected across all practices to describe practice context, IMP2ART delivery (including fidelity and adaption) and practice response. Case studies undertaken in three to six sites, supplemented by additional interviews with practice staff and stakeholders, will be undertaken to gain an in-depth understanding of the interaction of practice context, delivery, and response. Synthesis, informed by theory, will combine analyses of both qualitative and quantitative data. Finally, implications for the scale up of asthma self-management implementation strategies to other practices in the UK will be explored through workshops with stakeholders.DiscussionThis mixed-methods, theoretically informed, process evaluation seeks to provide insights into the delivery and response to a whole-systems approach to the implementation of supported self-management in asthma care in primary care. It is underway at a time of significant change in primary care in the UK. The methods have, therefore, been developed to be adaptable to this changing context and to capture the impact of these changes on the delivery and response to research and implementation processes.

Towards autistic flow theory: A non‐pathologising conceptual approach

AbstractFlow states are heightened moments of concentration, motivation and enjoyment, leading to total absorption in the present moment. A striking parallel exists between flow states and phenomenological accounts of autistic daily life. We analyse the components of flow theory alongside autistic autobiographical accounts to explore similarities and differences, in doing so moving toward an understanding of autistic flow theory. We highlight the considerations and opportunities this may hold for future autism research, in particular the advantage that this offers a non‐pathologising approach to researching autism, one which helps to explain contextualised behaviour (i.e., alignment between the situation and what is happening in one's mind). Drawing on autistic autobiographical accounts, we outline four principles: (1) autistic people are uniquely placed to discover and manage flow; (2) autistic flow may qualitatively diverge from traditional models of flow; (3) difficulties maintaining and exiting flow for autistic people highlight a need to examine transitions into and out of flow; and, (4) internal and external constraints to flow highlight there is unrealised autistic potential yet to be discovered. The implications of an autistic flow theory are discussed in terms of how it can impact (a) our conceptual understanding of autism providing alternative explanations to previously researched phenomena, and (b) how we build enabling environments for autistic people that allow flow to flourish across educational practice, wellbeing and research contexts.

Assessment of Barriers, Supports, and Context to Implement Best Practice Pain Management in the Emergency Department: The IMPAINED Study

AimTo assess the emergency department practice context and identify strategies to improve outcomes of patients with acute pain. BackgroundEffective treatment of acute pain in the emergency department depends upon clinicians adopting pain interventions into practice. However, it is well-recognized that acute pain is often undertreated. The local practice context strongly influences clinicians’ adoption of interventions into their clinical practice. An assessment of this practice context can inform implementation interventions and strategies to improve outcomes for patients with acute pain. MethodsChart audit, staff survey, and staff working groups were conducted from June 2020 to May 2021 Data were analyzed and synthesized across sources informed by assessment elements of the Ottawa model of research use (OMRU) implementation model and expert recommendations for implementing change strategies. ResultsThe OMRU facilitated contextual assessment of pain treatment practice in the emergency department and the development of implementation strategies. Adoption of evidence-based pain interventions was low in the sample studied. Workflow and workload were the primary barriers to evidence-based pain practices by potential adopters, while positive beliefs and high awareness of evidence-based pain interventions were supportive factors. Implementation strategies were informed by assessment findings and mapped to the Ottawa model and expert recommendations for implementing change elements. ConclusionThe adoption of evidence into practice in the emergency department relies upon a comprehensive assessment of the local context. The use of the OMRU assessment process resulted in meaningful engagement with staff and a deeper understanding of local pain management practices. Clinicians view evidence-based pain management as important, however, there are competing priorities within the emergency department, such as patient flow and triage. This study provides an exemplar of utilizing an implementation framework to identify pain practices within the emergency department. Clinical ImplicationsAchieving impactful change in clinical practice to improve patient outcomes should start with the application of implementation methods that enable comprehensive analysis of the local practice context. The assessment should begin with collaboration with local clinicians that persist throughout the life of the study to ensure change is sustainable.

Executive Function and Spatial Skills in Children’s Block Play: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

ABSTRACT Research Findings: There are sparse data on children’s use of executive function (EF) and spatial skills in block play. However, there are important implications for studying EF and spatial skills with blocks across cultures, especially regarding best practices for supporting social-cognitive development in under-resourced populations and consideration of culturally unique customs and practices. Therefore, the current study compared EF-based skills and spatial block building behaviors in Canadian and Tzotzil Maya children. Participants included 82 preschoolers (55% Canadian) ages 48–59 months (M age = 54.37 months, SD = 3.37) observed and coded during a group block play session with peers. Controlling for demographic covariates, a composite EF-based variable including six behaviors (intentional selection of blocks, taking time, response inhibition, replacing/moving blocks, stabilizing, aligning) was significantly and positively associated with spatial configurations in block structures (symmetry, β = .34; tiered orientation, β = .37) The associations did not vary by culture. Practice or Policy: Results provide new knowledge about use of EF-based skills and spatial skills in an ecologically valid context and implications for cross-cultural measurement and practice.