Particle Content Research Articles

Sediment load with metallurgical slag admixture under diverse morphological conditions along submerging karst stream

This study investigates the clastic fluvial sediments of the Jedovnický submerging stream in the section between the Jedovnice village and Křtinský stream (Moravian Karst, Czechia). A total of 28 samples were collected to analyze clast composition, slag content, grain size, and roundness. The sediment primarily consists of allochthonous Lower Carboniferous material (greywackes, clayey shales) with varying amounts of metallurgical slag, occasionally mixed with autochthonous deposits such as rockfall accumulations and tailings from the excavation of connecting adits. The slag content fluctuates, peaking downstream of the erosive section of the Rudické propadání cave, near the Stará řeka passage connection. Grain size distribution is influenced by both surface and cave morphology, as well as hydraulic conditions. The alternation between erosive and depositional zones, along with the unique karstic and speleorelief features, plays a crucial role in clast mobilization. These features include ponors, erosive and paragenetic corridors, sumps, and rockfalls. Fine particle accumulations are particularly noticeable in front of sumps or dams. Throughout the studied section, the proportion of coarse particles (>10 mm and 5–10 mm) gradually decreases, while finer particle content increases toward the resurgence. The roundness of Carboniferous sediments remains relatively constant, although it is significantly influenced by the presence of well-rounded, weak and ductile slag clasts. Overall, both the slag content and the proportion of well-rounded and rounded clasts in the coarser fractions (>10 mm and 5–10 mm) show a decreasing trend toward the resurgence.

Towards the mechanical stability of biocrusts in drylands: Insights from inorganic ions and organic compounds and their interactions

Biocrusts are an important component of dryland ecosystems as they perform crucial ecological functions like stabilizing soils, mediating the hydrological cycle, and improving nutrient availability. The high mechanical stability of biocrusts is understood to be linked to exopolymeric substances (EPS), which in turn, are responsible for the adsorption of various ions and chemical compounds. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of biocrusts and assess potential correlations between their chemical composition and mechanical stability. Samples of three types of biocrusts (cyanobacteria, cyanobacteria and moss mixed, and moss crusts) and bare soil (as control) were collected from the northern Loess Plateau of China. The inorganic ions and organic compounds present in biocrusts were quantified using inductively coupled plasma-optic emission spectrometry, ion chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biocrust mechanical stability was assessed by penetration resistance (PR) and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates. Finally, the contribution of inorganic ions and organic compounds to the stability of the biocrusts was elucidated. The results indicated that all three types of biocrusts were more stable than bare soil, with moss crusts being the most stable. Chemical analyses revealed an enrichment of inorganic ions such as K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, SO42–, and halogen ions within the biocrusts, while they showed a depletion of Fe2+, Al3+, and NO3–. Ten types of organic compounds were identified in biocrusts and bare soil, with medium-chain alkanes and long-chain acids being the dominant compounds. In some cases, acids accounted for more than 40 % of the total organic compound content of the biocrusts. Redundancy analysis showed that the content of inorganic ions, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+, and organic compounds such as acids, amides, and alkenes, exhibited the closest association with the biocrust stability. Partial least squares path modeling indicated that both inorganic ions and organic compounds indirectly affected biocrust stability by influencing electric conductivity, bulk density, EPS, and fine particle (clay and silt) content. A strong association was found between the inorganic ions and PR or MWD (0.658 and 0.744, respectively), whilst the total effect of organic compounds on PR and MWD was 0.814 and 0.801, respectively. It is suggested that both the magnitude and types of chemicals associated with EPS indicate their capability to grant mechanical stability of the biocrusts, which in turn is conducive to maintaining the critical functions of biocrusts in global drylands.

Honeycombed pomegranate-like sludge ceramsite particles: preparation with fly ash floating beads as the pore-forming template and performance optimization

Ceramsite used in construction and building are typically limited by high water absorption rates, the contradiction between lightweight and high strength, and severe performance fluctuations. This can be attributed to the fact that ceramsites are currently prepared by high-temperature sintering expansion, wherein viscosity and surface tension of the liquid phases shall perfectly match with the gas generation rate. On the other hand, sand washing sludge and fly ash are common solid wastes in construction and building and their environmentally friendly disposal are of great significance. In this study, honeycombed pomegranate-like sludge ceramsites with low density (packing density = 733.2-968.3kg/m3), high strength (cylinder compressive strength = 11.2-18.8MPa), and low water absorption rate (one-hour water absorption rate = 1.2-2.8%) were prepared with sand washing sludge and fly ash floating beads as the raw material and the pore-forming template, respectively. Also, the effects of particle size and content of fly ash floating beads on the structure and performance of the as-prepared ceramsite were investigated. The results indicated that the pore structure of the as-prepared ceramsite was directly dependent on size and content of the fly ash floating beads, suggesting that the performance of the as-prepared ceramsite can be customized by tuning size and content of the beads. Additionally, lightweight aggregate concrete prepared by using the as-prepared ceramsites exhibited improved 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths and reduced thermal conductivity compared with concrete prepared by using commercially available ceramsites. Overall, this study presents the preparation of ceramsite particles with both high strength and low density by using fly ash and sand washing sludge, both of which are abundant solid wastes in constructions, thus contributing to solid waste recycling in construction.

Effect of soft magnetic particles content on multi-physics field of magnetorheological composite gel clutch with complex flow channel excited by Halbach array arrangement

Effect of soft magnetic particles content on multi-physics field of magnetorheological composite gel clutch with complex flow channel excited by Halbach array arrangement

Investigating the compaction and the mechanical behaviors of coal gangue as subgrade filler and constructing highway subgrade in practice

Using coal gangue as subgrade filler (CGSF) can address the accumulated issues of coal mine waste, but also save the constructing costs, which has the important ecological and engineering practical value. The well-graded limit of CGSF was captured based on the fractal model grading equation (FMGE). The large-scale vibration compaction test (LCT) shows that particle grading has a remarkable influence on the compaction of CGSF, with the increase of fine particle content, the dry density of sample first increases and then decreases. On this basis, the optimal range of particle grading was obtained. A series of large-scale triaxial tests (LTT) were conducted to investigate the mechanical behaviors of CGSF. The results shown that (1) the peak deviatoric stress shows a well-quadratic correlation with the fractal dimension. The optimal grading range of CGSF captured by LTT and LCT is basically the same, hence the suggestion of acquiring the optimal grading through LCT was given. (2) Increasing the compaction degree (DC) can significantly improve the strength of CGSF if DC is smaller, while when DC is greater, the strength improved by increasing DC will not be significant. (3) The grading and DC have a significant impact on the cohesive force of CGSF, while have little effect on internal friction angle. In addition, the research results provide good guidance for the constructing of a highway subgrade in practice.

Research on humidity field and freezing resistance of green recycled ceramic internal cured concrete at early age

In cold and drought environment, concrete shrinkage cracking caused by water loss is serious, and thus the freezing resistance of concrete is deteriorated. The waste ceramic particles were used as internal curing materials to prepare concrete, based on this background. Then, the influence of internal curing with ceramic particles on humidity field and temperature of concrete is analyzed by using temperature and humidity sensor. Based on the change mechanism of the internal humidity of concrete, the relationship between the curvature radius of liquid surface and the relative humidity is revealed. Taking water loss and water loss rate as the index, the water transfer law of concrete surface under ceramic particle internal curing was defined. Through the drying shrinkage test, the mechanism of improving the drying shrinkage of concrete by internal curing in ceramic particles was mastered. Finally, the effects of ceramic internal curing on cement hydration, interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and freezing resistance of concrete were studied. The results show that the relative humidity, water loss and water loss rate of concrete increase with the increase of ceramic particle content, and the dry shrinkage value decreases with the increase of ceramic particle content. Compared with ordinary concrete, when the ceramic particle content is 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%, and the test period is 10 days, the internal relative humidity of concrete increases by 0.52%, 0.67%, 1.55%, 2.55% and 3.05%, respectively. The drying shrinkage values decreased by 3.42%, 7.69%, 10.26%, 15.17% and 30.13%, respectively. When the test period was 1032 hours, the water loss increased by 1.08%, 5.15%, 7.90%, 12.69% and 14.49%, respectively. Furthermore, when the ceramic particle content is 20%, the initial normalized heat flow of concrete increases by 2.74 mW/g, and the normalized heat flow minimum increases by 0.324 mW/g. The minimum ITZ microhardness increased by 2.64 MPa, the ITZ width decreased by 5 μm, and the maximum crack width at the contact between ITZ and aggregate decreased by 0.89 μm. At the same time, when the ceramic particle content is less than 20%, the effect of internal curing on the freezing resistance of concrete increases with an increase in ceramic particle content.

Complex assessment of ambient particulate matter in a small settlement with coal-handling port

Relevance. Russian coal exports have been steadily increasing in recent years, and Far Eastern ports, originally not adapted to dusty cargoes, have switched to coal operations. Unoptimized coal handling leads to increased content of coal-containing particles in the air and to various environmental problems. Aim. To analyze the concentration of particulate matter in the air and the chemical composition of particles on the surface of conifer needles in the Posyet settlement (Primorsky Krai, Russia), where a large coal terminal operates. Materials and methods. The chemical composition was studied on the surface of conifer needles by X-ray fluorescence and in washout of conifer needle samples using Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive analysis. Concentrations of particles with the diameter of 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively) were measured using automatic monitoring stations. Results and conclusions. Chemical composition was dominated by mineral particles (calcite, silicates, etc.). However, the presence of coal particles (up to 8.3%) and metal particles was also observed. Mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were within the Russian and international health standards, but close to their upper limits. Concentrations of both measured particle fractions were highest during the winter months (as well as in March, which is traditionally a cold month in the Far East), followed by a gradual decrease. The study obtained new data on the annual variations of concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, as well as on the basic composition of particles from the surface of woody vegetation (needles) as an indicator of the state of air pollution in this settlement.

Acoustic emission analysis of self-healing properties in cementitious materials with superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) during different environments

This paper studies the coupling effect of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) and fly ash on the self-healing performance of mortar. The three-point bending test was used to evaluate the mechanical property recovery effect of mortar specimens after curing in different environments, and the relationship between crack closure rate, flexural strength and flexural stiffness recovery was established. The amplitude and energy in acoustic emission were used to evaluate the characteristics of self-healing products. The results show that compared with the control specimens, the addition of SAP improves the crack closure rate and mechanical property recovery effect of mortar specimens. With the increase of SAP particle size and content, the mechanical property recovery rate and crack closure rate increase accordingly. The order of self-healing effect of specimens in different healing environments is saturated calcium hydroxide > water >97 % RH > air. After reloading, the amplitude number and cumulative energy of samples with SAP are larger than those of the control specimens. The SEM results also prove this, and the self-healing products in the crack area of the mortar specimens with SAP are denser than those in the control specimens.

Hybrid additive manufacturing of ceramic/aluminum-titanium gradient composites via arc and laser cladding eutectic pools

ABSTRACT There is a great deal of interest in improving the efficiency of arc-directed energy deposition (Arc-DED) of aluminium matrix composites and the uniform introduction of reinforcing particles. In this work, ceramic/aluminum-titanium gradient composites were manufactured by hybrid additive manufacturing with arc and laser cladding eutectic pools. The results show that the laser cladding powder feed method can have a higher powder capture rate compared to bypass feeding. Coupling the laser and powder changed the pulsed base-arc characteristics and increased the peak arc length. After the addition of the powder mixture, the aluminium matrix formed an Al3Ti reinforced phase, which evolved from needles to rods as the amount of powder increased. As the content of ceramic particles and the Al3Ti phase increased, the average hardness of the AMC components increased from 55.5–126 HV0.1 and the wear rate decreased from 6.16 × 10−3–1.25 × 10.−3 mm3·N−1·m−1.

Comparative Analysis of Milling Technologies in Dark and Milk Cocoa Topping Production for Ice Cream

Chocolate and cocoa toppings are widely used for confectionery products. Toppings used for ice creams contain higher fat content (about 40-60%) to ensure a greater flow to cover the whole product. The dark cocoa topping consists of cocoa and sugar powder distributed in vegetable fat, while cocoa topping with the added 7% non-fat milk fraction is regarded as a milk cocoa topping. This research aimed to determine and compare the impact of the ball mill, and five-roll mill and conching used for the production of dark and milk cocoa toppings regarding the particle size distribution, rheology properties and content of moisture, sucrose, fat and lactose. The obtained results showed that the volume-weighted mean parameter D (4,3) was lower in the samples produced in a ball mill. Additionally, the viscosity, linear and Casson, slightly increased in samples produced in a ball mill except for the milk cocoa topping which had 0.55 fold higher value of linear viscosity compared to the sample produced using a five-roll mill and conching. Regarding the results of NIR spectroscopy, it was found that the samples produced in a ball mill showed higher values of moisture, but lower values of sucrose, lactose and fat.

Geotextile filtration characteristics in piping rescue under extreme soil-retained state

Geotextiles have significant potential in rescuing backward erosion piping (BEP) occurring in levees. To investigate the filtration characteristics of woven geotextile for BEP prevention under the extreme soil-retention state, laboratory experiments were conducted using woven geotextiles with different pore sizes. The extreme soil-retention characteristics of the geotextile were analyzed, and the optimal relationship between filter pore size and particle size of the protected soil was explored. Additionally, the impact of fine particle content of the protected soil on the filter’s filtration performance was studied. The results indicated that, for the medium sand and silty sand tested, the filter still met soil retention requirements when the ratio of the geotextile’s equivalent pore size (O95) to the protected soil’s characteristic particle size (d85) was 5.2 and 4.3, respectively. With the increase of filter pore size, the clogging degree of the filter showed a trend of rapid decrease followed by an increase, indicating that there was an optimal matching relationship between the filter aperture and the particle size of protected soil. When woven geotextiles are used for preventing BEP, to ensure optimal filtration performance of the filter, the recommended values for O95/d85 in medium sand and silty sand are 5.2 and 3.3, respectively.

Study on the Influence of Walnut Shell Coarse Particles on the Slurry Permeation and the Air Tightness of Filter Cake

Slurry shields rely on the formation of a compact filter cake to maintain excavation face stability and ensure construction safety. In strata with high permeability, significant slurry loss occurs, making filter cake formation and air tightness maintenance challenging. In this study, light organic walnut shell was selected as an additive coarse particle material for slurry. Slurries incorporating two types of coarse particles, sand and walnut shell, were prepared, and tests on slurry permeation and air tightness of the filter cake were conducted in three different strata. The results indicate that the addition of coarse particles effectively improves filter cake formation and air tightness in high-permeability strata. It is essential to use graded particles in highly permeable strata, with controlled maximum and minimum particle sizes. As the content of coarse particles increases, the air tightness of the filter cake initially increases and then decreases. Notably, the air tightness of filter cakes containing walnut shell is superior to those containing sand. Replacing sand with walnut shell as a slurry plugging material enhances filter cake quality in high-permeability strata. For highly permeable strata with a permeability coefficient greater than 1.0 × 10−3 m/s, an addition of 30 g/L to 40 g/L is recommended.

Studies on Dry Sliding Wear Mechanisms of Al7075/Si3N4 Composites

Abstract In this investigation, Al7075 aluminum alloy reinforced with Si3N4 particles (3, 6, 9, and 12 wt%) was used as reinforcements to manufacture composites through a stir-casting approach. The microstructural characteristics have shown significant grain refinement owing to the presence of Si3N4 particle distribution during the solidification. SEM micrographs confirm the uniform distribution of Si3N4 particles with considerably fewer particle agglomerations throughout the matrix alloy. The reinforcement particle cluster formation is relatively increased for increasing the Si3N4 content. The SEM and EDS analyses showed good integrity at the matrix–refinement interface with no interfacial compound formation. The mechanical properties, such as hardness (up to 118 BHN), tensile strength (up to 281 MPa), and yield strength (up to 178 MPa), were enhanced by 30.69% and 20.27%, respectively. The wear-rate and coefficient of friction of the composites were evaluated with increasing percentages of Si3N4 content. The average wear-rate of the composites is 0.019, 0.0085, 0.0075, and 0.0065 mm3/m, respectively, for the increased Si3N4 ceramic particulate content from 3 to 12 wt%, while the average COF of the composites is 0.45, 0.37, 0.32 and 0.28 respectively. With the addition of Si3N4 particulate content, the wear resistance performance of the composites at 30 N has shown up to 46% enhancement and increased from 0.0052 to 0.0103 mm3/m with the increasing sliding velocity from 1.5 to 3.5 m/s for varying Si3N4 particulate content from 3 to 12 wt%, while reducing the COF up to 65%, and from 0.43 to 0.27. Different wear mechanisms are characterized by identifying the typical features of wear on the SEM micrographs of the worn surfaces. The dominant wear mechanisms of the composites are typically observed as abrasion, oxidation, delamination and melt wear. The mechanism and behavior of composites under dry sliding conditions are analyzed through the construction of wear maps. The windows of wear mechanisms and progression in terms of load and sliding velocity for the composites with various wt% of Si3N4 content were identified, analyzed, and presented.

Study on foaming behavior of block copolymer/inorganic particles co‐construction of toughened epoxy resin foams

AbstractLow toughness and brittleness limit its application range of thermosetting epoxy resin (EP) based foams. In current research, inorganic particles are commonly utilized as heterogeneous nucleating agents to enhance foaming quality and EP toughness. However, the increasing inorganic particle content usually leads to particle agglomeration, which negatively impacts foaming quality and reduces EP performance. Block copolymers, which appear as liquid to effectively mitigate agglomeration, are employed as toughening materials for EP. In this study, a small number of modified calcium silicate particles (MCS) were used as anchor points to induce the distribution of block copolymers (P‐F68) to improve EP toughness and effectively enhance cell nucleation, thus, EP/MCS/P‐F68 foams performance was improved. The research results showed that EP foams obtained excellent cell structure and very small foam density (0.256 g/cm3) at the P‐F68 content of 10 wt%. The continuous increase of P‐F68 content would lead to the thickening of cell wall and the increase of cell size. Simultaneously, the core‐shell structure formed by P‐F68 in EP effectively enhanced the toughness of EP foams and mitigated its brittleness, offering crucial theoretical guidance for toughening and regulating the cell structure of EP foams.

Hot-Pressing Process of Flat-Pressed Wood-Polymer Composites: Theory and Experiment.

The objective of this research was to develop a mathematical model of the hot-pressing process for making flat-pressed wood-polymer composites (FPWPCs). This model was used to calculate and predict the temperature and time required for FPWPC pressing. The model's performance was analysed using the experimental results of hot pressing FPWPCs. It was found that an increase in the content of wood particles led to a rapid increase in the pressing time. The model and experiment showed that the core temperature of the wood-polymer mat remained nearly constant for the first 20-30 s of the hot-pressing process. After this period, this temperature increased rapidly until it reached 100 °C, after which the rate of increase began to decelerate sharply. This transition was more distinct in FPWPCs with a high wood-particle content, while in those with a high thermoplastic-polymer content, it was smoother. Increasing the pressing temperature contributed to a reduction in the time required to heat the FPWPC, as confirmed by both experimental data and the modelling of the hot-pressing process. A decrease in the predicted density of the FPWPC resulted in a directly proportional increase in the time required to heat the mat. Validation of the mathematical model revealed a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of only 2.5%, confirming its high precision and reliability. The developed mathematical model exhibited a high degree of accuracy and can be used for further calculations of the time required for FPWPC pressing, considering variable parameters such as pressing temperature, wood-polymer ratio, mat thickness, and density.

Investigation on preparation and properties of gel type 188W/188Re generator

As one of the most important integrated nuclides for diagnosis and treatment in recent years, rhenium-188 (188Re) has a broad scope in the clinical application. Due to the specific properties of such radionuclide, it was mainly provided by the chromatographic 188W-188Re generators. There is no doubt that the application of 188Re in the treatment of various diseases depended on the development of 188W-188Re generator. Considering the high standards of such technology on radioactive activity of 188W and impurity content, a 188W-188Re generator filled with the zirconium tungstate gel has been prepared in this work. The effects of molar ratio of chemical agents, pH, reaction temperature, drying methods, rinsing methods and other conditions on the synthesis of gel particles have been studied. Furthermore, a variety of characterization techniques were used to observe the macro-/micro-morphology and chemical structure of gel particles. It can be concluded that vacuum freeze-dried method could significantly increase the specific surface area, pore size and tungsten content of gel particle. In order to decrease the content of 188W in the elute, a handful of acidic alumina was filled in the bottom of our 188W-188Re generator, an elution and purification integrated-generator was formed. During the first five processes, the nuclear purity of 188Re solution was above 99.99%, the radiochemical purity was approximately 99.5%, the pH value was 5.0–7.0 and the average elution efficiency reached up to 82.7%. In addition, the leakage rate of 188W was low as 1.60 × 10−6, and the peak of elute curve was located at 2 mL without the trailing phenomenon. This work lays a solid foundation for the domestic demand of daughter nuclide 188Re, further makes an outstanding contribution to the application of the radiation therapy technology and the protection of people's health.

Development and characterization of sustainable epoxy resin composites reinforced with palm kernel shell particulate and sisal fiber

This study explores the development and characterization of epoxy resin composites reinforced with palm kernel shell (PKS) particulate and sisal fibers, aiming to create sustainable and high-performance materials. Elemental composition analysis using energy dispersive X-ray revealed significant increases in carbon and oxygen content with higher PKS particulate content, indicating successful reinforcement integration. The mechanical properties were evaluated through Brinell hardness, impact energy, impact strength, tensile stress, and wear resistance tests. The Brinell hardness increased from 31.8 kg/mm2 in the control sample to a peak of 60.6 kg/mm2 in sample SP4, demonstrating enhanced hardness with PKS particulate addition. Impact tests identified an optimal reinforcement level in sample SP3, which achieved the highest impact energy (83 J) and impact strength (47.43 kJ/m2). Tensile stress analysis showed a maximum tensile stress of 28.7991 MPa for SP3, while excessive PKS content in SP4 reduced this to 20.4612 MPa. Wear tests indicated a trade-off between mechanical reinforcement and wear resistance, with the control sample exhibiting the lowest wear rates and SP4 the highest having a 91.9% increase. Based on the obtained results, SP3 with 0.8 g PKS particulate, 0.2 g sisal fiber in epoxy resin matrix seems the optimized composite with enhance mechanical properties without compromising wear resistance.

Analysis of superheated steam influence on the content of solid carbon particles during diffusion combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel

Analysis of superheated steam influence on the content of solid carbon particles during diffusion combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel

Effect of void ratio and rubber particles on the noise reduction mechanism and comprehensive performance of porous elastic road surface

ABSTRACT Porous Elastic Road Surface (PERS) is recognised as a pavement with excellent noise reduction ability. However, the mechanisms and field test evaluations of noise reduction for PERS have been not sufficiently explored. This study aims to investigate the effect of void ratio and rubber particle content on the noise reduction of PERS. PERS mixtures were prepared with varying void ratios and rubber particle contents, and subsequently tested by acoustic performance tests. The results reveal a decrease in sound pressure level, noise energy and dynamic modulus with increasing void ratio or rubber particle content. Conversely, the sound absorption coefficient presents an inverse relationship. The presence of interconnected voids significantly influences the noise reduction ability of PERS. However, excessive rubber particles can lead to decreased sound absorption coefficient. Furthermore, an optimised composition of PERS balancing road performance and noise reduction is identified. It is concluded that a PERS mixture featured with 25% void ratio, 4.5% polyurethane content and 20% rubber particle content exhibits good road performance and noise reduction ability. Notably, field tests indicate the sound pressure level reduce 9.1 dB(A) compared with traditional asphalt pavement. It is expected this study can provide insights for the development and implementation of PERS.

Formation mechanism and oil-bearing properties of gravity flow sand body of Chang 63 sub-member of Yanchang Formation in Huaqing area, Ordos Basin

Abstract Gravity flow sand body is an important reservoir for deep water deposition. The in-depth study of its formation mechanism and oil enrichment law can provide important guidance for oil and gas exploration in deep water areas. In this article, taking the deep-water gravity flow sand body of the Triassic Chang 63 sub-member in the Huaqing area as an example, the identification characteristics, formation mechanism, and oil-bearing characteristics of the gravity flow sand body are systematically discussed. The results show that sandy debris flow, turbidite flow, and mixed event flow present different superposition combination modes on vertical gravity flow deposition. The lithofacies of the gravity flow sandstone complex are mainly affected by lake level fluctuation, provenance supply, and hydrodynamic conditions. According to the formation conditions, sedimentary types. and distribution characteristics of deep water gravity flow sand bodies, a three-dimensional sedimentary mode of deep water gravity flow sand bodies is established. It is found that the physical and oil-bearing properties of the sandy debris flow sand body are better than those of the turbidity flow sand body. The reason is that the proportion of debris in the sand body of sandy debris flow is high, and the content of debris particles is generally greater than 70% according to the statistics of thin sections, which is conducive to the formation of pores. Second, sandy debris flow belongs to block transport, and the mixing of lithology is not sufficient in the process of block flow transport, so some pores will be preserved. Finally, gravity flows, which are dense at the beginning, become less dense later as detrital sediments unload, allowing them to be transported to distant regions. Therefore, the monolayer thickness of the sandy debris flow sand body is large (generally greater than 0.5 m), and the particle size of the debris ranges from 0.03 to 0.3 mm. Finally, the physical and oil-bearing properties of the sandy clastic flow sand body are better than those of the turbidity flow sand body.