Content Of Thoughts Research Articles

Thought content, thought function, acceptance and adaptation over time: Experiences of Turkish veterans and their spouses whose cognitive functions are affected by PTSD

Thought content, thought function, acceptance and adaptation over time: Experiences of Turkish veterans and their spouses whose cognitive functions are affected by PTSD

Incorporating Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-Civilization into China’s Ideological and Political Education: Its Inheritance and Innovations

Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-Civilization has pointed out the direction for China’s ecological conservation and construction in the new era, and provided guidelines and basic principles for the concrete actions in this regard. Meanwhile, it has also provided a new direction for the development of ideological and political education. This article analyzes the theoretical basis and core content of Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-Civilization, and explores its integration into traditional ideological and political education, including adhering to Marxism, inheriting the ecological philosophy of China’s fine traditional culture, and viewing local practices from a global perspective. On the basis of that, it is further proposed that the integration of Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-Civilization into ideological and political education should be carried out horizontally and vertically to construct an educational community, in a bid to form a new path of moral education with unified goals and in a gradual manner. By horizontally, it means that it is necessary to comprehensively apply modern curriculum education concepts and collaborate with various ecological elements such as schools, families, communities, and the Internet. While by vertically, it means that it is necessary to carry out eco-civilization education with different focuses for students at different school ages in primary schools, middle schools, and colleges.

The influence of repetitive thoughts of CS-US pairing on expectancy learning and evaluative conditioning: a fundamental study.

Repetitive thinking is a common phenomenon, also implicated in a variety of mental disorders. The content of repetitive thoughts can take the form of prediction of aversive events (in worry) or evoking negatively valenced information (in rumination), for instance. Investigating the influence of repetitive thinking through the lens of associative learning could help deepen our understanding of the mechanisms involved in its effects.In two experiments, non-clinical participants were exposed to CS-US pairings with the aim of creating non-threatening expectancy learning (Experiment 1) or evaluative conditioning (Experiment 2). After each conditioning trial, participants were instructed to initiate repetitive thoughts about the pairing (i.e. rehearse) or follow control instructions.Experiment 1 (N = 64) showed that such intervention strengthen the association between the mental representations of the CS and the US, leading to a stronger US expectancy in response to the CS. In Experiment 2 (N = 107), an evaluative conditioning effect was observed; however, it was not influenced by instructions.The study demonstrated that simulated repetitive thinking strengthens the CS-US association and leads to greater US expectancy in expectancy learning, despite appearing not to influence the evaluative conditioning effect. The potential implications of these findings on repetitive thinking are discussed.

Characterizing human spontaneous thoughts and its application in major depressive disorder

BackgroundSpontaneous thought is a universal, complex, and heterogeneous cognitive activity that significantly impacts mental activity and strongly correlates with mental disorders. MethodsUtilizing the think-aloud method, we captured spontaneous thoughts during rest from 38 diagnosed with depression, alongside 36 healthy controls and 137 healthy individuals. Through a comprehensive assessment of various dimensions of thought content, we compared thought content between individuals with depression and healthy controls, and between healthy women and men. Finally, we employed natural language processing (NLP) to develop regression models for multidimensional content assessment and a classification model to differentiate between individuals with and without depression. ResultsCompared to healthy controls, individuals with depression had more internally oriented and less externally oriented spontaneous thoughts. They focused more on themselves and negative things, and less on positive things, experiencing higher levels of negative emotions and lower levels of positive emotions. Besides, we found that compared to healthy men, healthy women's spontaneous thoughts focus more on interoception, the self, past events, and negative events, and they experience higher levels of negative emotions. Meanwhile, we identified the potential application of the think-aloud method to collect spontaneous thoughts and integrate NLP in the field of depression. ConclusionsThis study offers direct insights into the stream of thought during individuals' resting state, revealing differences between individuals with depression and healthy controls, as well as sex differences in the content of spontaneous thoughts. It enhances our understanding of spontaneous thought and offers a new perspective for preventing, diagnosing, and treating depression.

The Generative Logic, Main Content and Contemporary Value of the Ecological Thought of Marx and Engels

The ecological thought of Marx and Engels is an important part of Marxist theory, and is the theoretical guidance and guide to action for the harmonious development of human and nature in contemporary human society. The ecological thought of Marx and Engels is formed on the basis of in-depth criticism and reasonable absorption of the natural thought of Hegel and Feuerbach in the context of the age of the advancing industrial revolution. Marx and Engels have important theoretical and practical value in contemporary thinking and solving ecological problems, as they demonstrate the priority of nature, the dialectical relationship between humans and nature, the capitalist system as the root of ecological crisis, and communism as the main content of achieving an ideal society of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.

Cognitive complaint inversely associated to UHR transition

The aim of this study was to identify the impact of staging on a six-months transition in Ultra-High Risk (UHR) youth.Subjects were enrolled at assessment; evolution was monitored for six months. Clinical determinants (unusual thought content, perceptual abnormalities, cognitive complaint, etc.) were collected.37 non-psychotic and 39 UHR subjects were included. 13 UHR (35.2 %) experienced psychotic transition, while none of non-psychotic subjects did log-rank p < 0.001. Self-reported cognitive complaint was inversely associated to transition OR 0.13 95 % IC [0.03–0.64]. Unusual Thought Content was associated to psychotic transition 0R 8.57 95 % IC [1.17–63]. Self-reported cognitive complaint could be a protective transition marker in UHR.

Analysis of Sentence Types Production and Speech Disorders Characteristics in Wernicke’s Aphasia Sufferer

Wernicke's aphasia is a speech disorder with speech that is quite fluent but has a meaning that does not make sense. Many utterances are just the contents of the sufferer's thoughts. This analysis focuses on the characteristics of sentence production and speech disorders in individuals with Wernicke's aphasia. Individuals with Wernicke's aphasia suffer from a language disorder that affects their ability to communicate effectively. Their speech is typically fluent but nonsensical, and they may struggle to find the right words or understand what is being said to them. They may also make errors in their speech and be unaware of these mistakes, which can make communication even more challenging. Additionally, their sentence structure, grammar, and syntax can be compromised, leading to structurally deficient sentences. Limited use of functional words, the presence of neologisms, and perseveration contribute to the incoherence of their speech. Understanding these characteristics is crucial for developing targeted interventions to enhance communication for individuals with Wernicke's aphasia. The results of this research found that there are 7 types of sentence patterns, 5 types of sentences based on their function and structure, and 4 characteristics of speech disorders that appear in the utterances expressed by Byron.

The grieving process after the death of a close person

The death of a loved one is one of the most traumatic psychological experiences. As a reaction to the trauma due to the death of a loved one, a series of emotions, bodily sensations, behavior, and thought content is created. Grief is a universal reaction to death. Grieving is a process, specific to individuals and differs in duration and characteristics. The grieving process has stages and tasks, in order for the grieving person to functionally adapt to the loss. The new International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) classifies prolonged grief as a psychiatric disorder, which significantly correlates with anxiety, depression, somatization, post-traumatic stress. The aim of this overview (theoretical) paper is to present the results of empirical research in which significant elements of the grieving process were studied. These are psychological experiences in grieving (feelings, bodily sensations, content of thoughts, forms of behavior), stages of grieving (numbness, longing, disorganization of behavior, reorganization of life), tasks of grieving (accepting the reality of loss, processing pain, adapting to the environment, emotional displacement of the deceased) and the end of grieving. In this paper, we examined the emotional connection of the grieving person with the deceased from the perspective of the theory of affective attachment. The paper may benefit individuals who are in the process of grieving, as well as professionals in the fields of mental health, counseling and grief therapy.

Incoherent Meanings

Stojnić holds the radical view that coherence relations determine the reference of context-sensitive language. I argue against this from the theoretical perspective presented in Overlooking Conventions (2021). Theoretical interest in language comes from an interest in thoughts and their communication. A language is a system of symbols, constituted by a set of governing rules, used (inter alia) to communicate the meanings (contents) of thoughts. Thought meanings, hence speaker meanings, are explanatorily prior to semantic meanings. So, we start our consideration of the theoretical place of coherence by considering the bearing of coherence on thought meanings. The paper argues that a person can have any thought at all, however incoherent. So, a thought’s meaning is independent of its coherence. Any thought can be expressed in an utterance. The semantic meaning of any utterance governed by the linguistic rules will be the meaning of the thought it expresses. So, the utterance’s meaning is independent of its coherence. The paper concludes that coherence has no place in the theory of meaning or reference. Nonetheless, it has a place in the theory of communication. I suspect that the error exemplifi es the widespread confusion of the metaphysics of meaning with the epistemology of interpretation.

Steroid-induced Psychosis in a Patient without a Previous Psychiatric History

This is a 45-year-old Hispanic male with retinitis pigmentosa, no previous psychiatric history, and no known substance use disorder who was treated with 80 mg of oral prednisone, tapered off over 6 weeks before undergoing eye surgery. One week after completing the treatment, he went missing, and when he was found, he described visual and auditory hallucinations, as well as paranoid thoughts. He demonstrated a calm affect, flat mood, decreased expressiveness, poor eye contact, and fluent speech. The thought process was linear and goal-directed. Thought content was negative for hallucinations and paranoia, but delusional, with limited judgment and insight into his current situation. Negative suicidal or homicidal ideations. He was admitted to the hospital for further work up for encephalopathy. Images and laboratory results were irrelevant. The patient's encephalopathy completely resolved the following day, and no antipsychotic medications were administered. The psychiatric assessment was compatible with steroid-induced psychosis based on the acute onset, the brief psychotic episode with complete resolution of symptoms (5 days), precipitated by stressors (combined effects of an incapacitating disease). With this case presentation, we want to raise awareness among primary care physicians of the occurrence of steroid-induced psychosis and highlight the importance of patient education including their caregivers, as the cornerstone for an early recognition and prompt management of neuropsychiatric adverse events of glucocorticosteroids.

Two Conceptions of Instrumental Thought

Abstract According to a dominant assumption the truth of instrumental thoughts—thoughts in which one action is identified as a means to another—are not affected by agents’ normative conceptions of their ends. Agents could in principle grasp these thoughts, and thereby the correct means to their ends, without consulting any conception they may have as to the pursuit-worthiness of those ends. I argue this assumption (the ‘Theoretical Conception’) prevents us from explaining how agents can identify means to their ends. I sketch an alternative account according to which the contents of instrumental thoughts are directly determined by agent's reasons for acting. This is explained by the fact that an agent's reasons for action reveal what they take the good of their ends to be. Ultimately, I argue, agents must have a conception of their final ends as intrinsically good if they are to successfully specify means to them.

Perfect Thinkers, Perfect Speakers and Internalism about Thought Content

Perfect Thinkers, Perfect Speakers and Internalism about Thought Content

FACE EXPRESSION RECOGNIZER DENGAN CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK UNTUK MEMBANTU PENDERITA AUTISME MENGENALI EKSPRESI WAJAH SESEORANG

Autism is a type of mental health disorder that is 80% caused by heredity, and environmental influences cause the rest. People with autism tend to be unable to concentrate and look at the other person when interacting. Since the age of toddlers, people with autism have a shallow response to the surrounding environment. In addition, people with autism also find it very difficult to recognize someone's expression, even though facial expressions or facial expressions are one way that can be used to recognize someone's emotions. In addition, facial expressions indirectly reveal the contents of a person's thoughts. To overcome this, the author wants to build a face expression recognition model to help people with autism recognize someone's facial expressions. The primary purpose of this research is to help people with autism socialize and recognize the facial expressions of the people around them. This face expression recognition model was built by applying Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) intelligence and using the Tensorflow library and the Keras API. The dataset used in this study is a collection of faces from all over the world. In this research and model development process, the output display of the detection of facial expressions is in the form of diagrams and descriptions of the expressions that a person is experiencing.

Searching for bridges between psychopathology and real-world functioning in first-episode psychosis: a network analysis from the OPTiMiSE trial

IntroductionNetwork analysis has been used to explore the interplay between psychopathology and functioning in psychosis, but no study has used dedicated statistical techniques to focus on the bridge symptoms connecting these domains.ObjectivesThe current study aims to estimate the network of depressive, negative, and positive symptoms, general psychopathology, and real-world functioning in people with first-episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder, focusing on bridge nodes.MethodsBaseline data from the OPTiMiSE trial were analysed. The sample included 446 participants (age 40.0±10.9 years, 70% males). The network was estimated with a Gaussian graphical model (GGM), using scores on individual items of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale. Stability, strength centrality, expected influence (EI), predictability, and bridge centrality statistics were computed. The top 20% scoring nodes on bridge strength were selected as bridge nodes.ResultsNodes from different rating scales assessing similar psychopathological and functioning constructs tended to cluster together in the estimated network (Fig. 1). The most central nodes (EI) were Delusions, Emotional Withdrawal, Depression, and Depressed Mood. Bridge nodes included Depression, Conceptual Disorganisation, Active Social Avoidance, Delusions, Stereotyped Thinking, Poor Impulse Control, Guilty Feelings, Unusual Thought Content, and Hostility. Most of the bridge nodes belonged to the general psychopathology subscale of the PANSS. Depression (G6) was the bridge node with the highest value.Image:ConclusionsThe current study provides novel insights for understanding the complex phenotype of psychotic disorders and the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of comorbidity and functional impairment after psychosis onset.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Independence and Freedom in Ho Chi Minh's 1945 Declaration of Independence: Historical and Realistic Values

The 1945 Declaration of Independence was drafted and read by leader Ho Chi Minh on September 2, 1945, at Ba Dinh Square. During the drafting of this immortal document, he exchanged comments from several comrades in the Party Central Standing Committee, members of the Interim Government, and Archimedes LA Patti (a US officer in the number of Allies). The Declaration became a great national founding document, proclaiming the departure of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The core content of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts in the Declaration was independence and freedom. Ho Chi Minh's thought of independence and freedom up to now still has historical value and current significance.

Integrasi Ilmu Agama-Sains Badiuzzaman Said Nursi dan Relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Agama Islam Era Digital di Indonesia

The integration of religion and science is an interesting topic for discussion. Until now the debate on the legitimacy of the integration of religion-science is still being carried out by scholars. This article discusses the integration of religion and science from the perspective of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi and how relevant it is in the Digital Age of Islamic Religious Education in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method with the type of library research. This study analyzes the content of Said Nursi's thoughts from various works of literature. The results of the study show that there is relevance to Said Nursi's thoughts which are based on the integration of knowledge rooted in human nature to seek true happiness in this world and the hereafter. Said Nursi's thoughts are considered relevant for the development of the context of Islamic Religious Education in the digital era in Indonesia which includes strengthening religious-spiritual in the digital era, strengthening the integration of religion-science initiated by the Indonesian Ministry of Religion, enriching learning methods in the digital era, deepening curriculum reform and 21st-century skills, revitalization of moral education in the digital era and ethics in learning.

Mindful self-focus-an interaction affecting Theory of Mind?

Is thinking about oneself helpful or harmful for understanding other people? The answer might depend on how a person thinks about themself. Mindfulness is one prominent construct that seems to affect the quality and content of a person's thoughts about themselves in the world. Thus, we hypothesize that the relationship between self-focus and Theory of Mind (ToM) is moderated by mindfulness. We evaluate our hypothesis with a large cross-sectional dataset (N = 543) of native and non-native German and English speakers using OLS and MM-estimated robust multiple regression analysis. We found a small but robust self-focus × mindfulness interaction effect on ToM so that there was a significant positive relation between self-focus and ToM for more mindful individuals and no significant relation for less mindful individuals. The findings support our hypothesis that mindfulness moderates the relationship between self-focus and ToM performance. We discuss the limitations and differences between the present study and previous findings.

Ecological Environment Protection - From the Perspective of Ho Chi Minh

One of the legacies of great significance that Ho Chi Minh left for our nation and people is the thought of ecological environment protection. Ho Chi Minh's thought on ecological environment protection is expressed with vibrant and profound content. It is both the crystallization of the quintessence of national culture and humanity and a vivid expression of the reality of Vietnam's revolution as well as the characteristics of the times, based on inheritance, application, and creative development. Marxism-Leninism's point of view on ecological environment protection in the specific historical conditions of our country. Therefore, Ho Chi Minh's thought of protecting the ecological environment has profound theoretical and practical significance for the Vietnamese revolutionary cause in general, especially for realizing development sustainable today. The article analyzes the content of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on protecting the ecological environment and its meaning for Vietnam today. The article is researched by qualitative method, combined with methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, contrast, and reading text.

Prinsip Pendidikan Cinta dalam Ajaran Sufistik Jalaluddin Rumi

&lt;p class="06IsiAbstrak"&gt;Love which is at the summit of our moral vocabulary is surprisingly not widely included in educational and learning academic books. This study aims to reveal the Sufistic teachings of Jalaluddin Rumi which includes love education and discover the principles of love education. This study uses a literature study (library research) with a content analysis method approach to produce an objective and systematic description of the content of Rumi's thoughts. Data collection techniques obtained from materials that are coherent with the object of research in question. Then the data is analysed by means of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions and verification. The results of this study indicate that love education contains five principles that must be realized by all educators, the fifth is that education is gradual and continuous; students' abilities are different; moral and then intellectual education; Mental and intellectual education must involve the community and students must always ask for God's grace. Meanwhile, in the pedagogical approach, the service-learning strategy is used to instill love and affection in education.&lt;/p&gt;

Can cognitive restructuring serve as a brief stand-alone treatment for social anxiety disorder in adolescence? An exploratory clinical trial

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating and chronic condition that usually arises in adolescence. Cost-effective interventions provided early on may alter its usually chronic trajectory. This study evaluated changes following a brief cognitive restructuring intervention with 14 adolescent girls, against a waitlist control group, on social anxiety, fear of negative and positive evaluation and negative automatic thoughts. Predictors of post-intervention social anxiety scores were also investigated. Results show that social anxiety fluctuated similarly for both groups. Distinctive significant change was found only for performing in formal social situations following the intervention. Change in frequency of automatic negative thoughts significantly predicted post-intervention social anxiety for measures relating to anxiety when interacting and being observed by others. Cognitive restructuring may provide significant change by altering the content (and not the frequency) of thoughts and, in its current short form, may be relevant to the specific performance type of SAD.