Content Analysis Research Technique Research Articles

Prime Time News Bulletins: Exploring the Status of PEMRA Code of Ethics

Media ethics is a debatable issue among scholars and researchers. This study has examined the media ethics being practiced by Pakistani media outlets through a comparative analysis of defamatory,violence, indecency, hate speech and privacy in the news bulletins (9 pm) of three private news channels i.e. Geo news, ARY news and 24 news over a period of three months. The study also examines if the code of conduct enacted by the Private Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA)had any relevance to these channels. Using the content analysis research technique, the researchers found that each news channel carried indecent,defamatory, violent, hate speech and privacy content in its nine pm news bulletins. ARY news had more instances of defamatory. It was revealed that PEMRA's code of conduct had little relevance to these channels as they were found involved in an overt breach of its regulations.

Best Practices and Challenges in Implementing Healthy Food Environment at School Setting toward Prevention of Obesity in Indonesia and Malaysia

Consumption habits and nutritional status during adolescence can affect nutrition and health status in the future related to the risk of degenerative or non-communicable diseases. Good environmental support can make teenagers also do a good habit as well. A school environment that pays attention to a healthy food environment can support changes in patterns or types of consumption of healthier food in adolescents. This study aims to analyze best practices and challenges in implementing healthy food environment. This study aims to analyze best practices and challenges in implementing healthy food environment. Online focus group discussion was held consisting of 15 high school teachers from Indonesia and 5 high school teachers from Malaysia. Data were triangulated to enhance validity and to create a more comprehensive understanding of healthy food environments in schools in Indonesia and Malaysia and were analyzed using a content analysis research technique. The results highlighted the current status of the food environment at schools in Indonesia and Malaysia, challenges to implementing healthy food environment, best practices, and future, including propose concept and solution to initiate too. The results emphasize the need to dig deeper to understand why the school food environment in Indonesia and Malaysia is still far from an ideal healthy food environment. Concepts and suggestions on how schools in Indonesia and Malaysia should move forward to build a healthy school food environment are also presented in this paper.

Usage of Social Media by Leading Political Parties in General Election 2018 of Pakistan

Social Networking sites are highly used for political proposes. In this study, the research tried to search the usage of social media by political parties during elections campaigns 2018 in Pakistan. The researcher applied the agenda-setting theory to link the social media posts of these political parties' pages and content analysis research technique for analyzing the variables. It was concluded from the that these social media are highly used for mobilizing voters where the users of these mediums not only see these posts but also like, comment and share for responding about what is uploaded on these social media pages by the representatives of political parties. It is concluded that from three trending political parties, PTI emerged as the most dominant party by using these social media tools, by uploading a maximum number of posts, by mobilizing voters to vote for a specific political party.

A review of the final and supplementary Grade 12 physics examinations from 2014 to 2018 based on a modified Bloom’s taxonomy.

The South African National Department of Basic Education (DBE) has associated the poor pass rate in the National Senior Certificate (NSC) Physical Sciences to the learners’ lack of practical work and the inability to solve problems by integrating their knowledge from different topics in Physical Sciences. Given that the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) is central to the planning, organising and teaching of Physical Sciences, the poor performance in the Grade 12 Physical Sciences: Physics (P1) may be due to a disjointed alignment between the CAPS and the P1. A purposive sampling procedure included the CAPS Grades 10–12 Physical Sciences document; the Physical Sciences Examination Guidelines Grade 12 documents and the final and supplementary P1 examinations for the period starting November 2014 to March 2018. A summative content analysis research technique was conducted using the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC) research method. The SEC method employed the use of the four topics of Physics and the four non-hierarchical levels of cognitive demand as described in the modified version of Bloom’s taxonomy. The results of this study indicated that the CAPS had a higher proportion of recall based content than the P1, the CAPS, and the P1 had approximately equal proportions of comprehension based content, the CAPS had a lower proportion of application and analysis based content than the P1, and the CAPS, as well as the P1, did not contain any synthesis and evaluation based content. In terms of Bloom’s taxonomy, the CAPS may be classified as promoting lower order thinking skills, and the P1 may be classified as promoting higher order thinking skills.

Objetividad y conteo de cuerpos en el periodismo sonorense

<p>En este artículo se analiza el principal encuadre de la cobertura periodística sobre el combate al (y entre el) crimen organizado en México: el conteo de cuerpos. A partir de la sociología de la producción de noticias, se discute la racionalización de este encuadre por medio de la preferencia de los periodistas por la observación distanciada implícita en el ideal del testimonio objetivo. Se aplica la técnica de investigación del análisis de contenido para estudiar el conteo de cuerpos en el periódico de mayor circulación en Sonora, El Imparcial, entre 2006 y 2015. Los resultados permiten afirmar que el predominio de la cuantificación de cuerpos sin vida es una disfunción de la modernización del periodismo mexicano y no un producto de su falta de modernización.</p>

Plastic Money and Electronic Banking Services Espousal vis-a-viz Financial Identity Theft Fraud Risk Awareness in a Developing Country

Exploitation of plastic money coupled with electronic banking services has come as expediency to financial establishment customers in Zimbabwe. This paper sought to analyze plastic money and electronic banking services espousal vis-a-viz financial identity theft fraud risk awareness in Zimbabwe banking sector via banks’ websites. The theoretical underpinning for this study is Routine Activity Theory. The study used qualitative content analysis research technique for examination of the text content data through the consistent taxonomy process of coding and classifying themes or patterns to submit a painstaking considerate of financial identity theft fraud awareness by the banking sector in Zimbabwe. A sample size of 14 banks (including commercial, merchant and building societies) was used and the banks were arbitrarily chosen on the basis of website accessibility and ease of use of the data. The study findings suggest that there is very little financial identity theft awareness in Zimbabwe by the banking sector through their websites to the general public whilst there is amplified adoption of plastic money and electronic banking adoption. This study proposes a need to amplify the information and inform plastic card and electronic banking customers of the types of financial identity theft fraud. Plastic card and electronic banking is an urgent area to focus on for banking institutions and should inexorably capitalize in it. Financial identity theft information should be easily retrievable and conveyed in a manner that makes reasonableness to the varied customers.

Plastic Money and Electronic Banking Services Espousal vis-a-viz Financial Identity Theft Fraud Risk Awareness in a Developing Country

Exploitation of plastic money coupled with electronic banking services has come as expediency to financial establishment customers in Zimbabwe. This paper sought to analyze plastic money and electronic banking services espousal vis-a-viz financial identity theft fraud risk awareness in Zimbabwe banking sector via banks’ websites. The theoretical underpinning for this study is Routine Activity Theory. The study used qualitative content analysis research technique for examination of the text content data through the consistent taxonomy process of coding and classifying themes or patterns to submit a painstaking considerate of financial identity theft fraud awareness by the banking sector in Zimbabwe. A sample size of 14 banks (including commercial, merchant and building societies) was used and the banks were arbitrarily chosen on the basis of website accessibility and ease of use of the data. The study findings suggest that there is very little financial identity theft awareness in Zimbabwe by the banking sector through their websites to the general public whilst there is amplified adoption of plastic money and electronic banking adoption. This study proposes a need to amplify the information and inform plastic card and electronic banking customers of the types of financial identity theft fraud. Plastic card and electronic banking is an urgent area to focus on for banking institutions and should inexorably capitalize in it. Financial identity theft information should be easily retrievable and conveyed in a manner that makes reasonableness to the varied customers.

Financial consumer protection: internet banking fraud awareness by the banking sector

This paper examines internet banking fraud awareness by the banking sector in Southern Africa as financial consumers’ protection. The study is grounded on routine activity theory and criminology theory. A qualitative content analysis research technique was used for examination of the text content data through the consistent nomenclature process of coding and classifying themes or patterns to proffer a meticulous considerate of internet banking fraud awareness in the banking sector. The findings suggest that internet fraud awareness to the general public through website is very low by many Southern Africa banks. Most of the banks disclose less than half of the identified internet banking fraud awareness to the general public on their websites. Although some banks have internet fraud information on internet banking applications, however, the authentic efficacy of this information is tentative. This proposes that most of the financial customers engage internet banking transactions without sufficient awareness on potential internet threats and attacks. There is, consequently, high likelihood of financial consumers being internet banking fraud victims. Keywords: internet fraud, internet banking, fraud awareness, financial consumer. JEL Classification: G21, D18

Situation Understanding for Operational Art in Cyber Operations

This paper presents a theoretically motivated framework and methodology that has been designed for finding out the emergent phenomena and information needs for planning and decision-making. The approach is based on complexity thinking, system modeling, communication and cognition philosophy, social system theories and content analysis research technique. It provides results with the analysis of quite small sets of information. The paper demonstrates the approach with a case study. The study was performed in an international cyber experiment of the Multinational Capability Development Campaign (MCDC) 2013-2014. The case study shows that the proposed approach is plausible for increasing understanding about complex situations. This is needed in operational art for creating such compositions and resources that enable success in military operations.

Science, Nano-Science and Nano-Technology Content in Nigeria’s Elite and Popular Press: Focus on Framing and Socio-political Involvement

In Nigeria, there appears to be a gross paucity of research data on press framing of science. Moreover, we do not know how the print media frame nano-science and nano-technology which tend to hold some promise for Third World development. Neither do we know the extent of social inclusion nor the depth of political engagement in the communication of science and technology in the Nigerian press. This study investigates the extent to which science and nano-science are framed in one elite ( The Guardian ) and two popular newspapers ( Daily Trust and Leadership ); and if there is a significant difference in framing. It adopts the content analysis research technique involving a selection of newspapers between January 1 and December 31, 2012: the year Nigeria revised its Science and Technology Policy. Results indicate that: there is a near absence of nano-science content in the analysed papers while the coverage of other science issues abounds. Where it occurs at all, nano-science is framed as an emerging field. Frames dealing with risk/controversy, socio-economic implications, or safety/ethics rarely occur. Health/medicine, ICT, biotechnology, and high-tech issues are covered more than other science issues. Political actors, lay people, NGOs, corporations and community leaders are not significantly included in the coverage as are science publishers, scientists, the media, and government agencies. These findings have several implications for science journalism practice and development in Nigeria. Keywords: Techno-science, media coverage, content analysis

Assessment and instruction to promote higher order thinking in nursing students

The dearth of data on the role of assessment in higher education formed the two purposes of this study: first, to explore assessment strategies commonly used in nursing education by analyzing the curriculum documents of three baccalaureate nursing programs in Lebanon against Bloom's Taxonomy of learning, and second to unravel issues of instruction and assessment by categorizing data into teacher- and learner-centered strategies. Content analysis research technique applied to analyze the curriculum documents of three baccalaureate nursing programs in Beirut, Lebanon. After obtaining IRB approval and consent to access the curriculum documents of the programs, data were analyzed using the content analysis research technique. Data on assessments and instruction were categorized into student-centered and teacher-centered. Data revealed deficiency in employing learner-centered strategies in the assessment and instruction of the three programs. There was evidence that educators of the programs focus on teaching content and examining retention, thus supporting prior notions on teaching to the test and accusations in earnest on adherence to the traditional and behavioral curriculum perspectives. Such curricula leave little room for the development of higher order thinking in learners. Although assessments are believed to be indicators of program and teaching effectiveness, there is relatively alarming information on the incompatibility between current assessment practices and demands of the workplace. There is an urgent need for transforming educators' beliefs, knowledge, and skills on testing, since teaching to pass a test could impede knowledge transfer and deter the development of learners' higher order thinking skills.

An examination of gender and age in print media accounts of child abductions

Previous research has suggested that the print media over-report on certain demographics of abducted children. Specifically, cases where the abduction victim is younger or the abduction victim is female are most often covered. The purpose of the current study was to systematically examine, through the research technique of content analysis, whether a lack of congruency exists between newspaper articles detailing child abduction victims and empirical data of the same. Newspaper articles were collected from LexisNexis Academic, and empirical data were drawn from the Second National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children. The results revealed that gender and age play only a minor role in deciding which abduction incidents are covered by newspapers, as well as the extent to which they are reported on. Specifically, newspapers dedicated more words to female victims than male victims and reported more on younger children (aged 11 and under) than older children (aged 12 and over) when they were the victim of a nonfamily abduction. It appears, however, that in all other types of abduction cases, newspapers are reporting a rather factual depiction of the demographics of victims. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Knowledge transfer for the development of sustainable tourism: focus on official Portuguese tourism websites

To achieve development of sustainable tourism, policy makers and managers need up-to-date, accurate and relevant knowledge. Therefore, a tourism knowledge platform is essential for all stakeholders. Additionally, the internet is part of the day-to-day life of people and organisations, with all its inherent advantages. In this context, the present article features how the internet has been used by Portuguese public organisations operating in the tourism destination of the Alentejo to disseminate information about sustainable tourism. The content analysis research technique was used to evaluate information content within official tourism websites with a view to sharing data and information about the overall scope of sustainable development issues. The outcomes demonstrate that these websites are not used as platforms for knowledge transfer concerning sustainable tourism.

Using content analysis in social networking to gain cultural insights

In recent years social networking has become very popular and is a growing phenomenon that is becoming a larger part of people’s lives. One of the emerging results of this increased interest in social networking sites is that advertisers are moving from more traditional marketing relationships with consumers to more interactive-based relationships. The following research first develops and executes a systematic content analysis research technique for studying social networking sites. Secondly, this research investigates the extent to which an individual’s culture is evident in their social networking profiles. The insight gained contributes to the understanding of both the social and the cultural norms that people adopt on social networking sites. This understanding is important to marketers and advertisers, since consumers respond to advertising messages that are congruent with their culture, rewarding advertisers who understand their culture and who tailor ads to reflect their values. The results also validate social networking sites as valid formats to conduct research.

Application of Defence of Insanity in Nigerian Courts: The Missing Link

Background: There is a huge controversy over failed applications of psychological principles and techniques to the trials of offenders who are mentally ill in Nigerian courts. Aim: This paper is aimed at appraising the import of forensic psychology to the legal trials of mentally ill people.Method: Nigeria laws are replete with Criminal Codes and Criminal Procedure Acts but there are numerous failed cases of insanity defences in Nigeria. The research technique of content analysis of insanity defences in Nigeria shows that there is a missing link. Results: That broken link is the application of forensic psychology using a battery of standardized instruments, validated and culture free, handled by unbiased and incorruptible forensic experts. Conclusion: it was concluded that expert psychiatric testimony can play a significant role in the ultimate verdict, in insanity trials in Nigeria. This finding was explained with the classical positivist school by Lombroso. This author suggested that this broken link be fixed by the Courts deliberately involving forensic experts and their reports in passing judgments.Keywords: Nigeria; Defence; Insanity; Law Courts; Psychiatry

Doing well by doing good – marketing strategy to help the poor: The case of commercial banks in Ghana

Access to capital markets and loans continues to be difficult for the poor in Ghana, even as the economic conditions improve and banks realize record profits. The insistence of commercial banks on collaterals as a loan requirement, to a large extent, disqualifies the poor in Ghana. Using a review of the literature, interviews with bankers, chiefs, a queen mother and the poor, and drawing on the theories of social marketing, the broadening of the marketing concept and the content analysis research technique, this study proposes a framework for a marketing strategy that uses the local social structures in lieu of collaterals that commercial banks in Ghana could use to extend loans to the poor.

CURRICULUM DECISION MAKING AT THE TWO‐YEAR COLLEGE: THE TYPES OF DATA USED

After decades of rapid expansion, community colleges have begun to examine their internal academic processes; this study examines how curriculum is approved at one two‐year college. A previously developed classification system is utilized to examine data utilized by a college's curriculum committee in their deliberations preceding decision making. The system employs the use of three judges trained in the use of the system and also in the research technique of Content Analysis. The study classifies two groups of data—data sources and data subjects. It identifies some specific avenues in which data enter the curriculum deliberations; reveals some patterns of data usage; and develops a hierarchy of subjects, or topics, most often used in curriculum decision making at the college.