Contemporary Training Research Articles

Predictors of Efficiency in Throwing Disciplines: Insights from 35 Elite Coaches

The primary objective of this research was to determine coaches’ assessments of the key variables that define the success model in athletic throwing disciplines, as well as to evaluate differences between sexes in the disciplines of javelin, discus, shot put, and hammer throw. Thus, 35 elite coaches were asked about the influence of maximum strength and explosive power factors, manifested through various physical exercises, on final success in throwing disciplines. The questionnaire gathered general information about the coach’s achievements as an athlete and coach and key strength and power metrics, including knee lunge, knee jerk, back squat, bench press, deadlift, standing long jump, standing triple jump, and the 20 m sprint. A two-way within–within 2 × 4 ANOVA revealed a significant effect of sex (male, female) (p < 0.001, η2 ranged 0.820–0.996) and discipline (javelin, discus, shot put, hammer) (p < 0.001, η2 ranged 0.359–0.996) in all variables except triple standing jump. These findings offer valuable insights into how explosive power and maximum strength are perceived by elite coaches to affect success in different throwing disciplines. The results have practical applications, as they can inform the design and refinement of success models tailored to throwing disciplines, providing essential guidelines for optimizing contemporary training approaches in elite athletics and enhancing performance outcomes across genders and specific events.

Small-Sided-Game-Induced Mechanical Load in Adolescent Soccer: The Need for Care and Consideration for Athlete Preservation.

The logistical efficiency and flexibility of small-sided games (SSG) to develop various soccer-specific attributes simultaneously make them a staple component of contemporary training programs in youth soccer. Their high ecological validity and consequential high utilization mean that if not considerately prescribed, players may be exposed to frequent repetitive mechanical stress that may induce maladaptation in skeletally and/or load-naïve or sensitive athletes. The purpose of this clinical review is to summarize mechanical load adaptations associated with the manipulation of area per player in SSG to outline the mechanistic pathway of load-related injuries in skeletally maturing athletes and to offer practical guidelines for coaches for the preservation of athlete health. A nonsystematic search of computerized databases of peer-reviewed articles in English between 2010 and the present was used, and a critical appraisal of existing literature was subsequently conducted. Clinical review. Level 4. The temporary relative strength deficit and inefficiency of the musculotendinous system associated with accelerated growth increase the mechanical cost of activity. As a result, the load tolerance (ie, tolerant, naïve, or sensitive) of athletes is transiently reduced as the musculoskeletal system struggles to attenuate force absorption adequately. Repeated exposure to submaximal mechanical loads that stimulate the accumulation of "microdamage" in structural tissue may lead to aggravation and/or tissue failure at connective sites in skeletally fragile athletes. Coaches and practitioners need to individualize exposure to mechanical load for load-tolerant, naïve, and sensitive athletes during adolescence. Subtle changes to SSG prescription including modifying the area per player, inclusion of goalkeepers, constrained floaters, and management of work; rest ratios can offer practical and efficient methods to mitigate risk without derailing the development process. This, in turn, should contribute to reducing injury burden in this population and enhance developmental opportunities for young players. A. Recommendation based on consistent and good-quality evidence published from 2010 onwards.

The Study of Technical-Tactical and Physical Parameters of Modern Volleyball Through Specific Models in the Defense Element

The topic that I have prepared has as its object the influence of the physical-technical and functional parameters on the technical-tactical ones of defense in modern volleyball. In this study, I have tried to have as an objection, the theoretical developments and the practical explanations in the preparation process of volleyball players. On this basis, the premise and possibility for the effective construction of a training methodology through which it is possible to improve the physical parameters have been created. technical and functional and uninterrupted mobility in defense. It was for this reason that I undertook this work which will shed light on the problems of organizing the training process to increase these indicators of preparation through tests in the specific conditions of the volleyball game. The aim of the study is to improve the physical-technical and functional indicators through tests, specific recommended exercises during the training process with the women's teams. New, which will undoubtedly affect the tactical activity of the game in attack and defense. On this basis, the opportunity for a contemporary training methodology has been created. To undertake this study, we selected a contingent of 32 volleyball players aged 19-23 years, where 16 volleyball players were treated as an experimental group and the other 16 as a control group relatively in a period of 12 months. Received: 2 June 2024 / Accepted: 25 July 2024 / Published: 29 July 2024

Bohne, Eberhard (2023). Verwaltungswissenschaft. Band 1: Theoretische und methodische Grundlagen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. 2. Auflage. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40300-3. 350 Seiten; Bohne, Eberhard mit Bauer, Christian (2023). Verwaltungswissenschaft. Band 2: Grundzüge der öffentlichen Verwaltung in Deutschland. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40898-5. 353 Seiten.

The second edition of Eberhard Bohne’s textbook, ’Verwaltungswissenschaft,’ is intended for students studying social, economic, and legal sciences, as well as practitioners in administration, business, and politics – but it is also an interesting read for both aspiring and established public administration scholars. Bohne critically reflects on the state and prospects of public administration science in Germany, emphasizing its lack of autonomy as a discipline and the urgent need for contemporary training for administrative practitioners. The textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to theoretical and methodological foundations, as well as the basic principles of public administration in Germany. It stimulates discussion on the future of public administration science and the challenges facing the public sector.

Book Name: Effective Training Systems, Strategies, and Practices

"Effective Training Systems, Strategies, and Practices" by P. Nick Blanchard and James W. Thacker stands out as an exceptionally well-crafted guide for designing and implementing impactful training programs. The authors, seasoned experts in the field, offer a comprehensive overview of training methodologies, making it an invaluable resource for creating meaningful learning experiences. A notable strength lies in the book's practical orientation. Moving beyond theory, the authors provide real-world examples and case studies to illustrate the application of different training strategies. This not only enriches understanding but also offers actionable insights applicable across diverse organizational contexts. The text also addresses the pivotal role of technology in contemporary training programs. Blanchard and Thacker explore the integration of e-learning, virtual reality, and other cutting-edge tools, emphasizing the need to adapt training systems to the digital age. This forward-looking perspective ensures the book remains relevant and aligns with the evolving landscape of training and development. The book starts by establishing a strong foundation, covering essential training principles, historical evolution, and factors influencing effective learning. Blanchard and Thacker's meticulous approach ensures accessibility for readers new to the subject, making the content suitable for a broad audience.

A contemporary training concept in critical care cardiology.

Critical care cardiology (CCC) in the modern era is shaped by a multitude of innovative treatment options and an increasingly complex, ageing patient population. Generating high-quality evidence for novel interventions and devices in an intensive care setting is exceptionally challenging. As a result, formulating the best possible therapeutic approach continues to rely predominantly on expert opinion and local standard operating procedures. Fostering the full potential of CCC and the maturation of the next generation of decision-makers in this field calls for an updated training concept, that encompasses the extensive knowledge and skills required to care for critically ill cardiac patients while remaining adaptable to the trainee's individual career planning and existing educational programs. In the present manuscript, we suggest a standardized training phase in preparation of the first ICU rotation, propose a modular CCC core curriculum, and outline how training components could be conceptualized within three sub-specialization tracks for aspiring cardiac intensivists.

Exploring the Current Practices and Future Directions in Project Management Education and Training

In light of the transformative influence of technologies and innovative methodologies associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the paradigm of project management is undergoing a profound shift, prompting a re-examination of Project Management Education and Training (PMET). The escalating demand for project management expertise, juxtaposed with a scarcity of suitably qualified professionals, has yielded an increase in instances of faltering or challenging projects, thereby underscoring the amplified significance of PMET. A comprehensive assessment of the ongoing evolution of project management education and training is vital to shaping the trajectory of future educational strategies. In this context, bibliometric analysis has emerged as a pivotal tool, offering structured means to systematically present the expansive literature on PMET. This approach provides a panoramic view of the domain’s development, facilitating a more informed understanding of its current contours which is paramount for crafting effective educational strategies. Employing bibliometric analysis as its methodological backbone, this study endeavors to discern the existing landscape of project management education and training. For this purpose, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on a dataset comprising 435 documents related to PMET, spanning the years 1985 to August 2023. The results of this analysis indicate that PMET publications are predominantly situated within the context of engineering education. A prominent theme that emerges from the literature is the discernible requirement for novel and forward-thinking strategies in PMET development, with a pronounced emphasis on the cultivation of soft skills and the integration of contemporary training methodologies, including gamification and simulation.

Training Cerebrovascular and Neuroendovascular Surgery Residents: A Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations.

Background: The rapid evolution of neuroendovascular intervention has resulted in the inclusion of endovascular techniques as a core competency in neurosurgical residency training. Methods: We conducted a literature review of studies involving the training of neurosurgical residents in cerebrovascular and endovascular neurosurgery. We reviewed the evolution of cerebrovascular neurosurgery and the effects of these changes on residency, and we propose interventions to supplement contemporary training. Results: A total of 48 studies were included for full review. Studies evaluated trainee education and competency (29.2%, 14/48), neuroendovascular training models (20.8%, 10/48), and open cerebrovascular training models (52.1%, 25/48), with some overlap. We used a qualitative analysis of reviewed reports to generate a series of suggested training supplements to optimize cerebrovascular education. Conclusion: Cerebrovascular neurosurgery is at a crossroads where trainees must develop disparate skill sets with inverse trends in volume. Continued longitudinal exposure to both endovascular and open cerebrovascular surgical fields should be mandated in general resident education, and blended learning tactics using adjunct simulation systems and models should be incorporated with didactics to both optimize learning and alleviate restraints placed by decreased volume and autonomy.

Planning in Athletes with Physical Motor Disabilities, Bullet-Impulsion Amputees

Contemporary training is not based on experiences, its success lies in the confluence of knowledge and application of the different sciences that converge in it. The objective of the research was to argue what aspects should be considered for sports planning in athletes with physical motor disabilities, bullet amputees. Descriptive research is carried out. Arguing their different classes and classifications and the aspects to take into account when planning training. Provincial and national coaches and managers collaborated as a sample. Research methods were used such as analysis and synthesis, survey, interview, and document analysis, which made it possible to define the essential elements for a correct individualization of the training.

Selective THA-approach use amongst junior surgeons improves safety of introducing the anterior approach: a prospective, multi-surgeon, comparative, study.

Learning curves associated with independent practice and anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (AA-THA) has been associated with inferior outcome. This study compared outcome of junior, fellowship-trained, surgeons who perform THA through both anterior and posterior (PA) approach, with senior surgeons who perform either AA or PA, to determine whether: 1. Fellowship training and selective practice allows for safe introduction of AA into practice; and 2. Whether selective approach-use influences outcome. This is a prospective, consecutive study comparing the first 800 THAs of two junior, dual-approach, surgeons (AA/PA: 455/345), with 400 THAs cases of two senior, single-approach, surgeons (AA/PA: 200/200), between 2018 and 2020. Most patients were female (54.4%), mean age was 65years-old (range 19-96) and mean BMI was 29kg/m2 (range 16-66). Outcome included radiologic measurements (inclination/anteversion and leg-length), complication- and revision rates, and patient-reported outcomes including Oxford Hip Score (OHS). At 3.1years (range 2.0-6.8) follow-up, there were 43 complications (3.6%), including 27 re-operations (2.3%); with no difference between junior and senior surgeons for AA-THA (Junior: 8/455 vs. Senior: 3/200; p = 0.355) or PA-THA (Junior: 11/345 vs. Senior: 5/200; p = 0.400). Amongst juniors, there was no difference in complications (AA:8/455 vs. PA:11/345; p = 0.140) and in ΔOHS (AA:20.5 ± 7.7 vs. PA:20.5 ± 8.0; p = 0.581) between approaches. Contemporary training and selective approach-use minimizes the learning curve, allowing junior staff to have equivalent outcome to established, senior surgeons in both AA and PA. We would advocate for selective approach use amongst junior arthroplasty surgeons when introducing the AA into independent practice.

MP59-20 ARE ALL FELLOWSHIPS CREATED EQUAL? VARIATION IN PROSTATE ENUCLEATION CASE VOLUMES DURING ENDOUROLOGY FELLOWSHIPS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP59-20 ARE ALL FELLOWSHIPS CREATED EQUAL? VARIATION IN PROSTATE ENUCLEATION CASE VOLUMES DURING ENDOUROLOGY FELLOWSHIPS Garrett Ungerer, Reza Roshandel, Aaron Potretzke, MN Rochester, Li-Ming Su, and Kevin Koo Garrett UngererGarrett Ungerer More articles by this author , Reza RoshandelReza Roshandel More articles by this author , Aaron PotretzkeAaron Potretzke More articles by this author , MN RochesterMN Rochester More articles by this author , Li-Ming SuLi-Ming Su More articles by this author , and Kevin KooKevin Koo More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003312.20AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: There is growing interest in training opportunities that offer proficiency in enucleation procedures for BPH, which offers considerable advantages when treating large volume prostate glands. With an estimated learning curve of 25 cases, many trainees seek out fellowships to become proficient. We aimed to characterize variation in surgical training experience in prostate enucleation during endourology fellowships. METHODS: We analyzed surgical case logs submitted to the Endourological Society for all graduating fellows in 2020-2022. Case logs were cross-referenced with a list of verified fellowship graduates to ensure accuracy. Based on contemporary training literature, we defined the threshold for technical proficiency as 25 enucleation procedures. RESULTS: Case logs for 131 certified endourology fellows were analyzed. 48 (37%) fellows in 29 fellowship programs reported performing at least 1 prostate enucleation case during fellowship (Figure 1). The average number of cases performed was 52 (range 1-334). 8 (17%) of fellows were women, corresponding to 112 of 2503 (4%) enucleation cases. 26 of the 29 (90%) programs offering enucleation training were based in the United States. The average number of cases performed in a 2-year fellowship was 98 cases, compared to 27 cases in 1-year programs. 23 (48%) of fellows met the minimum threshold of 25 cases during fellowship to reach proficiency (dotted line in Figure 1). Among different fellowship tracks, 2-year stone track fellowships offered the largest volume of enucleations, averaging 145 cases per fellow, compared to 38 cases for 1-year stone track programs, 30 cases for 2-year combined stone/robotics track programs, and 7 cases for 1 year robotics track programs. No enucleations were reported at 2-year robotics track programs. CONCLUSIONS: There is substantial variation in enucleation case volumes between fellows and institutions. Roughly half of fellows who performed enucleation cases surpassed the proficiency threshold of 25 cases. Expanding advanced training for BPH including enucleation may help improve access to care for this disease. Source of Funding: None to report © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e816 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Garrett Ungerer More articles by this author Reza Roshandel More articles by this author Aaron Potretzke More articles by this author MN Rochester More articles by this author Li-Ming Su More articles by this author Kevin Koo More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

The impact of fartlek exercises using Holmer's method to developing the defensive performance endurance of basketball for youth

The game of basketball requires comprehensive preparation in all physical and skillful aspects as well as tactical, psychological and educational aspects. This is achieved through the preparation of comprehensive training curricula in order to develop players, including young people, as they are the basis for achieving the best results and reaching a high level. Through the experience of the researcher and his knowledge of some research and training curricula, he observed that these curricula and research did not devote a significant portion of their content to contemporary training techniques, as well as a lack of interest in them, which adversely affected the performance of young players with defensive skills and a clear weakness when performing them. As a result, this skill always results in challenging circumstances and the presence of A close striker, which adversely affects the outcomes of the match. The goal of the study was to design Holmer-style fartlek drills for improving young basketball players' defensive abilities. To determine if Holmer-style fartlek workouts have a good effect on young basketball players' development of their defensive abilities. The experimental approach was used by the researcher as a measurement appropriate to the study goals. Twelve Al-Hilla Basketball Club players between the ages of 16 and 18 made up the study community. The community was randomly split into two groups (the experimental group and the control group), with six players in each group. The research's most crucial finding is that there has been a development. young basketball players' defensive prowess in both the experimental and control groups. For young basketball players, one of the most crucial pieces of advice is to focus on physical development in a manner that precedes and follows the development of offensive skills.

Training program for the metric specification of imaging sensors

Measurement systems in industrial practice are becoming increasingly complex and the system-technical integration levels are increasing. Nevertheless, the functionalities can in principle always be traced back to proven basic functions and basic technologies, which should, however, be understood and developed. For this very reason, the teaching of elementary basics in engineering education is unavoidable. The present paper presents a concept to implement a contemporary training program within the practical engineering education on university level in the special subject area of optical coordinate measuring technology. The students learn to deal with the subject area in a fundamentally oriented way and to understand the system-technical integration in detail from the basic idea to the actual solution, which represents the common practice in the industrial environment. The training program is designed in such a way that the basics have to be worked out at the beginning, gaps in knowledge are closed by the aspect of group work and the targeted intervention of a supervisor. After the technology has been fully developed theoretically, the system is put into operation and applied with regard to a characterizing measurement. The measurement data are then evaluated using standardized procedures. A special part of the training program, which is to promote the own creativity and the comprehensible understanding, represents the evaluation of the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the system by a self-developed algorithmic program section in the script-oriented development environment MALTAB, whereby students can supportively fall back on predefined functions for the evaluation, whose implementation however still must be accomplished.

Modernization of Higher Education for Tourism and Hospitality in Contemporary Conditions: Socio-Philosophical Analysis

The article presents the results of the theoretical generalization of approaches to modeling modern tourism education as a socio-cultural phenomenon, which has entered the stage of new development under the influence of social needs and external influences. It is indicated that because of socio-political and economic changes in the world, the domestic tourism industry has been affected by numerous negative heterogeneous and multidirectional factors. This situation has led to quite profound transformations in the Russian tourism industry. It is emphasized that now the industry business community makes higher demands on the professional level of employees as a key factor in the effective operation of industry’s enterprises and their development in changing socio-economic conditions. The professional community notes the urgent need for growth in public understanding of the prestige of both the tourism industry itself and tourism professional education. The article emphasizes that the domestic tourism industry will require significant quantitative changes in personnel potential in the coming years. The quality of training should ensure the formation of competencies that allow the effective use of the created infrastructure to create a level of service that meets the expectations and demands of consumers of tourist services. The author notes that the transformation of the domestic tourism industry predetermines the change in models of tourism education. The formation of tourist education models is considered through the interconnection of educational content mastered by students and learning activities, providing high-quality and complete learning. The article provides a socio-philosophical analysis of the main models of tourism education in Russia, highlighting some general disadvantages and advantages of each model. The variety of methodological tools used in contemporary training of specialists in tourism and hospitality, considering modern conditions of transition to intensive development of domestic tourism, is traced.

Predictors of Academic Success in a Nontraditional Doctor of Pharmacy Degree Program at a Historically Black College and University

Objective. Rapid changes in the current US health care system, especially in the fields of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, require practicing pharmacists to acquire new knowledge and skills. Despite the growth of opportunities for pharmacists within new spaces such as nanotechnology, informatics, and pharmacogenomics, those without a Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) degree could be eliminated from consideration by employers who seek new graduates with more contemporary training and skills. The purpose of this study was to determine what associations exist between student success within a nontraditional Doctor of Pharmacy (NTDP) program and certain demographic factors.Methods. This quantitative longitudinal study was designed to determine which factors predict academic success among NTDP students entering the College of Pharmacy at Howard University. Academic success was measured by cumulative graduating grade point average (GPA). Data from four cohorts of students were used to develop multivariate linear regression models with several predictors including age, region of residence, citizenship status, previous pharmacy work background, and ethnicity.Results. The study sample included 81 students whose mean cumulative GPA was 3.44. A foreign-born African heritage was predictive of a GPA that was significantly higher in comparison to African Americans after adjusting for other factors.Conclusion. Findings showed that international students had a higher cumulative GPA in comparison to African American students in the NTDP program.

Cardiac Surgery Training in the Transcatheter Era.

Cardiac surgery training has evolved over the past 60 years since the development of cardiopulmonary bypass and its recognition as a distinct specialty. The emergence of newer technologies and a traditional emphasis on open chest surgery has produced disparities in the dissemination and adoption of less invasive transcatheter techniques. As such, it is essential for contemporary training programs to begin developing “hybrid” surgeons, competent in open and percutaneous domains. Formalized pathways, including Competence by Design and Areas of Focused Competency, are being developed to further ensure the acquisition of transcatheter skills by cardiac surgery trainees.

Variability in procedure volume of physical medicine and rehabilitation residents graduating from 2014 to 2021.

Adequate exposure to commonly performed procedures during physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residency is an important issue. To assess temporal trends and variabilities in reported procedural volumes, including the number of residents achieving procedure minimum requirements as established by the Accredited Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) PM&R Residency Review Committee. This was a retrospective cohort study of PM&R residents graduating from 2013-2014 to 2020-2021. Descriptive statistics were calculated for tracked procedures and compared over time with analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. Variability was calculated as the procedure volume difference between the 90th and 10th percentile groups. ACGME-accredited PM&R residency training programs. A total of 3231 PM&R residents graduating from 2014 to 2021. Not applicable. Reported procedure volume and number of residents achieving minimum requirements. Total procedure volume increased over the study period (436 ± 225 to 523 ± 238, p=.013). The percentage of all procedures that were performed versus observed was stable over the study period (81%-77%, p=.234). Variability in total reported procedure volume remained stable over the study period. The percentage of PM&R residents not achieving minimum requirements ranged from 2% for peripheral joint injections to 22% for ultrasound in the contemporary training period. The volume of reported procedures has increased along with the number of PM&R residency programs and residents. Variabilities in total reported procedure volume were stable over time, but PM&R residents struggle to obtain minimum requirements for ultrasound procedures.

Being successful in the educational market: employers in practice of Swedish higher VET provision

ABSTRACT Contemporary vocational education and training (VET), both initial and higher, is strongly market oriented, and governments shape systems with significant roles for employers. The study presented in this article aims at examining how employers are positioned in the practice of VET provision in such a system. Specifically, it recognises and interprets how employers are positioned in the provision of state-funded Swedish higher VET as expressions of relative power and control. The study was conducted using interviews with educational personnel and observations of meetings between employers and VET programme providers.

CONTEXT OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AND TEACHER OF BUSINESS STUDIES COMPETENCY IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KAJIADO COUNTY, KENYA

Potent policies directing professional development for teachers of Business studies focus on skills and competencies which address specific needs of learners for high achievement. Professional development for teachers of Business studies has been a trending phenomenon in the education sector in Kenya for enhancing effective teaching and learning. Contemporary training prepares teachers of Business studies with appropriate competencies for equipping learners with skills and capabilities to thrive in a dynamic and interconnected world that joins and engages the sense of curiosity. In addition, teachers of Business studies receive updates on modern pedagogical skills through pre-service training and capacity building and job motivation through teacher promotion for raising productivity. Professional development for teachers is guided by feasible policies which act as control mechanism for enhancing discipline, order and accountability in the teaching profession. Thus, this study determined the influence of policies guiding professional development on teacher of Business studies competency in Kajiado county, Kenya. The study was premised on the Context evaluation, Input evaluation, Process evaluation and Product evaluation model. Anchored on a descriptive survey design, the study targeted a population of 42 respondents from eleven public secondary schools and education offices in Isinya sub-county; Kajiado county. Data was gathered from teachers of Business studies using questionnaires and from school principals and sub-county education officials using interview schedules. Data collected was coded and fed into SPSS software version 25.0 and statistical analysis using inferential and descriptive statistics was done on cross-tabulations. The study found that policies guiding the professional development of teachers of Business studies were significantly related to teacher competency. The study recommends the Teachers Service Commission (TSC) to formulate more feasible policies that guide professional development of teachers of Business studies through capacity building training, targeting contemporary issues surrounding Business studies and equipping teachers with practical skills critical for enhancing socio-economic development. Further, the study recommends the TSC to formulate attainable policies that guide and create morale of teachers of Business studies through continuous job promotion for high learner achievement.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0939/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The ADR Encoder is a reliable and valid device to measure barbell mean velocity during the Smith machine bench press exercise

Velocity-based training is a contemporary resistance training method, which uses lifting velocity to prescribe and assess the effects of training. However, the high cost of velocity monitoring devices can limit their use among strength and conditioning professionals. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the reliability and concurrent validity of an affordable linear position transducer (ADR Encoder) for measuring barbell velocity during the Smith machine bench press exercise. Twenty-eight resistance-trained males performed two blocks of six repetitions in a single session. Each block consisted of two repetitions at 40%, 60%, and 80% of their estimated one-repetition maximum. The mean velocity of the lifting phase was simultaneously recorded with the ADR Encoder and a gold-standard linear velocity transducer (T-Force® System). Both devices demonstrated high reliability for measuring mean velocity (ADR Encoder: CVrange = 2.80%–6.40% and ICCrange = 0.78–0.82; T-Force® System: CVrange = 3.27%–6.62% and ICCrange = 0.77–0.81). The ADR Encoder provided mean velocity at 40%1RM with a higher reliability than the T-Force® System (CVratio = 1.17), but the reliability did not differ between devices at higher loads (60%1RM–80%1RM) (CVratio ≤ 1.08). No fixed or proportional bias was observed for the different loads using least-products regression analysis, while the Bland–Altman plots revealed low systematic bias (0.01 m·s−1) and random errors (0.03 m·s−1). However, heteroscedasticity of the errors was observed between both devices ( R2 = 0.103). The high reliability and validity place the ADR Encoder as a low-cost device for accurately measuring mean velocity during the Smith machine bench press exercise.