Contemporary Conditions Research Articles

Evaluation of the potential power generation resources in SAARC region for sustainable energy trade

AbstractThis article presents a comprehensive review on the contemporary condition of electrical energy in the SAARC countries with particular focus on conventional as well as renewable resources. The region lies at the center of the Asia with a dense population where demand and supply gap has always been a challenging factor for the governments. In addition, the region has observed enormous industrial growth during past two and half decades whose sustainability is totally dependent upon the continuous supply of energy. A bulk of valuable literature has been published in recent years that addresses the challenges, infrastructure improvements margins and several schemes to mitigate the energy deficiency in the region but most of it focuses upon either generation or transmission. This article covers this gap and presents to‐the‐point data that can be used for future forecasting, cross‐border trade possibilities and indigenous energy generation for remote and islanded regions within and across the SAARC mainland. A detailed review on electrical power generation potential by exploiting the renewable energy resources (RERs), generation capacity, installed capacity, energy short fall and transmission and distribution (T&D) losses is presented for each SAARC country and the results are presented in forms of tables and graphs. It can be inferred from the data presented in this paper that the energy crisis of the SAARC region can be overcome by mutual trade among the land‐connected countries by transporting the electrical energy, generated through RERs, across the borders. The paper concludes that the region has enormous potential for renewable energy available in form of hydal, solar, wind and biomass that, if maturely harnessed, can only not fulfil the local demands of the region but also be exported to establish the framework of cross‐border energy trade in future for sustainability of industrial and domestic utilization.

Current State and Emerging Trends in Financing Law Development

The current state of financial law is primarily defined by its subject matter. In contemporary conditions, the subject of financial law has evolved significantly, driven by the active development of its structure and, most notably, the emergence of new financial and legal institutions within decentralized finance. These institutions include state and municipal unitary enterprises, state and municipal institutions, state corporations, and public law companies. The growth of decentralized finance has been a prominent trend in the modern era, with considerable potential for further expansion. Financial and legal regulations, in general, serve to safeguard the public interests of the state and municipalities. However, it is important to acknowledge that, with the expansion of decentralized finance, the subject of financial law, considered the most fundamental indicator of the current state of this legal branch, should be understood not only in terms of the financial activities of the state and municipalities but also concerning the financial activities of entities, including non-state actors, that are tasked with executing public functions.

Temporal Range Dynamics of the Lataste's Viper (Vipera latastei Boscá, 1878) in Doñana (Spain): Insights into Anthropogenically Driven Factors.

Doñana (southern Spain), a region of notable biodiversity richness, is highly threatened by ongoing landscape transformation and climate change. We investigated the local effect of these anthropogenic factors on the temporal range dynamics of Lataste's viper (Vipera latastei), an Iberian endemic Mediterranean reptile that has apparently become rare over the years in Doñana. Using ecological niche-based models, based on climatic and remote sensing variables, we analyzed historical (1959-1999) and contemporary (2000-2022) records of the species to assess range shifts and identify environmental factors that may influence them. Our results show that V. latastei is mostly restricted to the coastal region of Doñana and that one temperature variable is the most important factor explaining this distribution pattern in both periods. Additional climatic and vegetation variables play a role in its historical distribution, but they become less important in contemporary times, suggesting a niche simplification over time. We found 30.5% of reduction in the species suitable area from historical to contemporary conditions, a reduction that would be even greater (83.37%) in the absence of niche shift. These findings underscore the species' heightened vulnerability to ongoing environmental changes and highlight the urgent need for targeted conservation strategies.

Outdoor recreation contributes to ecological changes along coastlines: Temperate United States cases highlight key impacts and ways forward

Coastal natural areas including sandy and rocky beaches comprise some of the United States’ most critical recreational and ecological resources. Through collaboration, governmental conservation agencies and non-profits forecast that over 2 billion coastline visits occur each year. Under contemporary conditions, coastal resource overuse endangers the integrity of both social and ecological systems. Existing and mounting concerns call for different coastal zone management strategies, including research into poorly understood and emerging disturbances. This work explains how recreational disturbances influence coastal environments through wildlife behavior changes, plant dynamics, and the quality of abiotic ecosystem elements. Atlantic and Pacific cases indicate that some outdoor recreation systems strongly affect habitat quality, sensitive species, and interacting communities. New insight into outdoor recreation’s contributions to ecosystem change will inform how coastal zone management agencies can implement stronger co-existence strategies for people and nature.

Certain aspects of combination of practical disciplines "Fire training" and "Special physical training" in institutions of higher education with specific learning conditions

The article discusses the impact of external and internal factors on the effectiveness of higher education systems, particularly in the context of training future law enforcement officers. It is noted that ensuring quality student training requires consideration of specific learning conditions, such as requirements for firearms and physical training. The article analyzes the role of disciplines such as «Firearms Training» and «Special Physical Training» in shaping the professional skills of future law enforcement officers. The importance of these disciplines in ensuring societal security and enhancing the combat readiness of law enforcement officers in various conditions, including wartime, is highlighted. Specifically, the necessity of firearm proficiency and the ability to effectively utilize it in situations requiring law enforcement intervention is discussed. It is also noted that preparation for armed conflicts and security maintenance requires students to have a high level of physical fitness and firearm interaction skills. In the context of contemporary challenges related to increasing crime rates and wartime, the importance of combining education with firearms and physical training to develop a well-rounded law enforcement personality is emphasized. The authors emphasize that this combination helps students become prepared for real-life situations they may encounter in their future careers. The conclusion underscores the need for continuous improvement of law enforcement professionals’ skills in contemporary conditions, including tactical-specialized, firearms, and physical training. The importance of physical education and sports as a means of promoting a healthy lifestyle is also emphasized. Additionally, it is noted that present conditions and periods of wartime require law enforcement officers to possess special skills and abilities beyond routine duties. Such situations may necessitate additional training for law enforcement personnel with elements of military preparation, including terrain orientation, grenade throwing, obstacle overcoming, engineering preparation, and other important aspects.

«Зеленая» экономика в контексте международных инвестиционных соглашений

The matters of green economics within the framework of the environmental transformation of the energy sphere (the energy transition), reduction of the anthropogenic impact on the environment in the course of socioeconomic development, give investment opportunities for international business but at the same time pose specific systemic and structural challenges to investors, states that receive investments, researches and individuals that witness the consequences of the dynamic change of the environment in the contemporary conditions. The presented article studies the evolution of approaches to international law regulation of investment activities from the standpoint of solution of environmental protection and conservation tasks in order to analyze opportunities with regards to the named challenges. Such analysis is used as a basis to conclude that the historical and legal method of studying the problems in question gives an opportunity for a systemic and structural evaluation of the original prerequisites for the logic of development of the international law architecture of regulation of investment activities in respect of goals and tasks of publicly significant environmental protection and conservation interests including the sphere of green economics and minimization of negative consequences of the anthropogenic impact as a result of investment activities, and evaluate the logic and limits of application of international investment agreements to achieve the environmental protection and conservation goals.

Quantifying the impact of an abrupt reduction in mineral nitrogen fertilization on crop yield in the European Union

Contemporary crop production in Europe relies on nitrogen (N) fertilization. Fertilizer prices soared in 2021–2022, and remained at historical high levels in 2023. These high prices invoked an immediate concern on the possible consequences for Europe's food production.In this study, we use a biogeochemical model framework to estimate the impact of reducing mineral N fertilization on crop yields in the European Union (EU). First, crop yields simulated with the biogeochemical DayCent model are evaluated against subnational yield data averaged for 2015–2018 reported by Eurostat and National Statistical Institutes in the EU for soft wheat, barley, grain maize and rapeseed. Then, we simulate three different scenarios where mineral N fertilization across the EU is abruptly reduced by respectively 5, 15 and 25 %, and compare yields to the projected baseline for contemporary conditions (2019–2022).The model evaluation gives r2 values ranging from 0.28 (rapeseed) to 0.61 (soft wheat) and root mean square errors (RMSE) ranging from 0.6 (rapeseed) to 1.95 t ha−1 (maize). The model shows a reduction in yield per crop at the EU level up to 2.1, 6.4 and 11.2 % with the 5, 15 and 25 % reduction scenario, respectively. Different crops show different percentage reduction in yield following a reduction in mineral N fertilization, showing a legacy effect over the years and depending on the availability of organic fertilizer. The strongest relative yield reduction occurs for soft wheat for all three scenarios. Even with 25 % drop in mineral N fertilization, maize yield in the Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark is not significantly reduced, because of the high N surplus and large share of organic fertilization in these countries.This process-based modelling study provides spatially explicit, high resolution information on the response of crop yields to N fertilizer input reductions, helping policy-makers in decision-making on food security and environmentally-friendly food systems.

Идеи космизма как философское основание эволюционно-экологического мышления (размышление над книгой)

Evolutionary-ecological thinking, in contemporary conditions, is a relevant di­rection in the synthesis of evolutionism and ecology. The ideas of wholeness, organicism, and historicity, which form the core of the reflections of the main representatives of the philosophy of Russian cosmism, largely set the world­view tone for this direction. These ideas are becoming increasingly relevant in modern conditions, where space exploration presents itself as a global prob­lem related to overcoming the negative consequences of the ecological crisis. The author’s focus is on the collective monograph Russian Cosmism: N.F. Fe­dorov, K.E. Tsiolkovsky, V.I. Vernadsky, A.L. Chizhevsky, published in the series Russian Philosophy of the First Half of the XXth Century, whose authors dis­cuss the worldview and methodological specifics of the concepts of Russian cosmists in the context of contemporary problems (including ecological and evolutionary ones). Among them, especially important in this context are the con­cepts of the common task (N.N. Fedorov), the cosmic philosophy (K.E. Tsiol­kovsky), the doctrine of the noosphere (V.I. Vernadsky), and heliobiology (A.L. Chizhevsky). It is shown that the ideas of cosmism and evolutionary-eco­logical thinking are connected with such directions as A. Bergson’s creative evolution, P. Teilhard de Chardin’s theistic evolutionism, planetary evolution, and macroevolutionary research. It is precisely at the scale of the biosphere and noosphere that evolutionary and ecological principles intersect the most. The construction of the noosphere, taking into account contemporary scientific and methodological realities, is a direction of evolutionary-ecological thinking in our time

Eco-Thrax: Anthrax Narratives and Unstable Ground

Abstract Numerous articles predicting pandemic futures identify threats tied directly to a warming planet. One notable example is the threat of once-stable pathogens held in ice shelves being released into the world. Bacillus anthracis, or anthrax, presents as the key bacterial threat emerging from melting permafrost. Such a threat reads like a fictitious horror brought into direct proximity with the real. Exploring perceptions of microbes across time and the resonance of specific tropes in television and eco-horror in the context of anthrax reveals an unstable theoretical and ecological landscape characterized by shifting human/biological relationships. Untangling this relationship more than 20 years after the last great anthrax-related challenge – the “Amerithrax” incident – and in recognition of the impact of COVID-19 on contemporary environmental humanities, it becomes possible to think of contagion as more than an epidemiological threat. Instead, contagion, as related to anthrax, can be identified as a window across time and place, one which assists in rethinking relationships to ecologies and environments. Two theoretical frameworks, the “outbreak narrative” as proposed by Priscilla Wald and the “hijacker model” introduced by Hannah Landecker, are deployed as lenses to introduce and think differently anthrax’s contemporary condition.

The Belief in Pullayar among Agrarian People in Ampara District, Sri Lanka

Worship of deities takes a specific position among the religious beliefs related to agriculture. The Pullayar deity belief with agriculture specially can be seen in Northern Province and Nuwarakalaviya in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. The study investigates the significance of the Pullayar deity belief among the agricultural community in Ampara District. It also focusses on the ways in which the agricultural practices of farmers, socio-cultural identities, and customs are influenced by the deity belief system. The main objective of the research was to examine the contemporary condition of Pullayar deity belief associated with agriculture in the Ampara District. The two Grama Niladari (GN) divisions of Galahitiyagoda and Udayagiriya belonging to Uhana Divisional Secretariat in Ampara district were used as the study areas. Data required for the research was collected using forty (40) farmers selected from the study area under random sampling method. Participatory observation and unstructured interviews were used to gather data. Pullayar worship is closely linked with the agricultural practices of Ampara district. Here farmers perform specific rituals for a successful harvest. Among the farming folk beliefs of Ampara, the Pullayar deity worship is uniquely adapted to protect the land from fertility and natural calamities. According to the farmers in this area, it is customary to worship the Buddha as well as Gambara Devi before doing any task in the paddy fields. As a special offering for pullayar deity, farmers offer coconut and let the pots overflow with milk as a ritual. It is performed by them for the protection of their fields and cattle. Pullayar rituals foster collective social cohesion. Strengthens community bonds through shared spiritual practices. Worship as well reveals a gendered division of religious duties, with men leading agricultural rituals and women maintaining household shrines. Therefore, this society reflects a balanced role of spiritual practices across genders. Though, Pullayar deity worship can be regarded as a particular cultural aspect that is unique to the agrarian economic system in this area and still exists now.

Long haul unionism: southern labor history and the struggle to organize Volkswagen in Chattanooga, Tennessee

ABSTRACT In April 2024, workers at Volkswagen’s huge plant in Chattanooga, Tennessee, voted overwhelmingly to join the United Auto Workers. The victory was highly-significant; the union had organized the first foreign-owned automaker in the South after decades of trying. A breakthrough in a sector responsible for half of North American auto production, this “seismic victory” was widely-reported. This article probes the reasons for the union’s victory, advancing the concept of “long haul unionism” to understand it. While media accounts stressed short-term factors – including the UAW’s recent revival and a wider post-pandemic labor upsurge – I argue that it also occurred because of the union’s long haul strategy. The UAW had been trying to organize the plant since 2010, losing elections in 2014 and 2019. Undeterred, it stayed on the ground, gradually overcoming its “outsider” label. It also focused effectively on workers’ demands for a stronger voice in the plant. The victory illustrated how southern organizing often required sustained effort over many years, something highlighted by previous union fights, including Operation Dixie in the 1940s and the J.P. Stevens campaign of the 1970s. As such, the win needs to be understood in the context of history – not just contemporary conditions.

Understanding the ‘Spirit’ of Qurʾānic Laws in Contemporary Shīʿī Islamic Thought

Abstract Shīʿī mujtahids (mujtahidun) and thinkers often try to adopt the norms of Islamic law to contemporary conditions, and usually it is hampered by the absolute authority of the ‘letter’ of the Qurʾān, Sunna, and sometimes the opinions of authoritative theologians of the past, which leads to an understanding of Islamic law as dogmatic. However, some scholars attempt to revise this approach, appealing to the principles and ‘spirit’ of the Qurʾānic verses and the need for the Islamic legal norms to meet the conditions of the time and place of their application. This paper analyses the case studies with approaches of contemporary Shīʿī mujtahids Yousef Saanei and Mohammad Ebrahim Jannaati and their views on this issue.

Дела частного обвинения: вечное или уходящее? Статья первая: что думают о проблеме некоторые ученые. Статистика

Firstly, the author analyzes the contemporary condition of the privately prosecuted case concept, secondly, studies some statistical data on the work of justices of the peace, thirdly, gives an example of a specific criminal case to analyze the mistakes found within the framework of second cassation: the Judicial Chamber on Criminal Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.

Mangrove dynamics driven by Late Holocene drought at Laguna Bacalar, Mexico

Laguna Bacalar, one of Mexico's most significant near-coast lakes, remains underexplored in the context of its Late Holocene paleoecology. A 2,40 m long core was retrieved in northern Laguna Bacalar. Palynological and geochemical proxies were isolated and analyzed. Our findings reveal the intricate paleoecological dynamics and hydrodynamic shifts of this vital area in southeastern Mexico. Climate and ecological changes delineate three pivotal phases during the Late Holocene at Laguna Bacalar: (i) a period between 3600 and 3250 cal BP mirroring current climatic conditions with seasonal dry tropical forest and mangroves as the dominant vegetation and evidence of human activities indicated by the presence of fossil maize pollen, (ii) a relatively arid phase from 3250 to 2600 cal BP, influenced by heightened ENSO-driven precipitation variability and sea level rise favoring an estuarine environment at Laguna Bacalar, and (iii) a period between 2600 and 2200 cal BP, exhibiting hydrological conditions akin to contemporary conditions with wetland forest mangrove vegetation. These data ultimately underscore the region's susceptibility to regional climatic fluctuations and ecological resilience, providing a case study from which to predict future conditions and establish modern conservation policy for Laguna Bacalar and similar environments.

Product liability in modern conditions: European reform experience

At the end of September 2022, the European Commission presented two notable documents designed to fundamentally change the current system of product liability in Europe. In part, these projects were a response to the challenges posed by digitalization and modern technology. The first document is designed to regulate liability for harm caused by artificial intelligence systems, while the second is aimed at adapting the EU Council Directive of July 25, 1985 No. 85/374/EEC to contemporary conditions. The present article sets out to review the key developments in the field of product liability in Europe. To this end, a review of the existing system of product liability in Europe is carried out. The existing product liability system is comprised of two parts: norms enshrined in national laws, as well as harmonized liability under the EU Council Directive of July 25, 1985 No. 85/374/EEC 1985. However, there is no consensus in European doctrine and practice regarding the regime of harmonized liability. While on the one hand, this regime is based on the idea of strict liability, on the other hand, there is also a reasoned opinion that the Directive factually establishes a regime of liability based on fault. On the example of German law, it is revealed that, despite the strict liability regime approved by special law, courts often focus in practice on a manufacturer’s breach of the duty of care, which once again testifies to liability based on fault. Possible factors behind the decision on the part of the European regulator to reform the existing liability system include: the increasing complexity of the goods themselves; the expansion of intermediary chains and emergence of new potential subjects of liability, including owners of aggregators; difficulties in proving the existence of a product defect and a causal link between such a defect and the resulting harm; the concept of harm in the digital age and the special role of data; providers’ liability for goods equipped with artificial intelligence technology.

Counterpublics in Search of Infrastructures: Lessons from German Anti-Antisemitism

Abstract Loyalty to Israel has been described as a fundamental aim of the German state (a Staatsräson), and a stifling ideological consensus tars virtually any criticism of Zionism with the brush of “antisemitism.” Some on the Left, belonging to the so-called Anti-German (antideutsche) movement, consider support for “the Jewish state” to be a way of atoning for German sins—an ideology it ironically shares with some of the most outspoken of German nationalists. The result? Accusations and cancellations are visited on academics and artists; under McCarthyite conditions, the public sphere withers. “Counterpublics in Search of Infrastructures” analyzes some of the new kinds of counterpublicness that have emerged in response, particularly on social-media apps. The article considers historical theorizations of the counterpublic in order to address contemporary conditions and challenges. Discussing artistic and academic groups on social media as well as projects in exhibition spaces, it culminates in an inquiry into the notion of abstraction, both in accounts of the public sphere as consisting of abstract legal persons—as embodied by the male white bourgeois—and as certain theorizations of antisemitism as a phobic rejection of capitalist exchange value. Now that the dominant discourse once again pits property-owning and rights-bearing white subjects against racialized and dehumanized others, we need to ask: How can abstraction be performed otherwise? What are the kinds of relations that can enable a qualitatively different forms of publicness?

CONCEPTUALIZING THE SUBJECTIVITY OF GLOBAL LEADERSHIP IN CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY

This article, based on an interdisciplinary approach and structural-functional analysis tools, examines the transformation of classical forms of conceptualizing the subjectivity of global leadership in contemporary international relations theory under the influence of new global political realities. It emphasizes that the initial classical positioning of international leadership as the primacy or hegemony of a single state on the international stage is yielding to other political practices that have not yet gained normative consolidation and theoretical conceptualization. It has been identified that modern international processes demonstrate a trend towards the institutionalization of international leadership in the form of a collective subject of international relations, endowed with exceptional powers and special status. New theoretical approaches increasingly note a shift in focus from classical factors ensuring leadership in international relations by enhancing the status and leadership potential of individual actors to the formation of collegial global leadership, including the concept of global governance, which is increasingly seen as the most probable and conventionally interpreted prognostic model for the transformation of the modern world order. Contemporary international relations theory identifies several subjects of international relations, with the nation-state traditionally occupying a leading position. In recent decades, other actors have been added to the list, including international governmental and non-governmental organizations, transnational corporations, civil associations, and private individuals. The emergence of new types of international relations subjects on the international stage, combined with the increasing importance of integration associations and the growing technological potential of digital networks, alongside the practical impossibility of establishing control over them, and the transfer of certain sovereign powers from national states to international institutions, indicates that traditional methods of governance and regulation in world politics are becoming outdated, losing their relevance and effectiveness in contemporary conditions. This necessitates the formation of an institutional foundation appropriate to the modern international system. Increasingly, this foundation of world order is associated with the phenomenon of global leadership. However, attempts to conceptualize it based on classical subjects of international relations are demonstrating increasing methodological inefficiency, leading to the search for new forms of the subjectivity of global leadership on the international stage.

The health preservation of students and lecturers in strategic plans of development of modern university

The article presents analysis of results of study of health status of students of National Universities and managerial competencies of heads of health authorities in subjects of the Russian Federation. This combination was chosen not by chance but intentionally to align with Vernadsky University's primary mission of training managerial personnel and modern rural leaders. It was essential to monitor relationship between student health and programs designed to maintain it during education, as well as perspectives of graduates already practicing as professionals. The conclusion was made that there is necessity to establish independent policy within programs and development strategies of universities conditionally named as "health-preserving policy." The measures targeting to preserve and enhance student health during education process are formal and secondary, often neglecting mental health issues. Besides, these measures are not extended to other subjects of educational process, such as lecturers and administration management personnel. This oversight corresponds to tangible menace to sustainable development of higher school in contemporary conditions.

САМОВІЛЬНЕ ЗАЛИШЕННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ЧАСТИНИ АБО МІСЦЯ СЛУЖБИ: ПРОБЛЕМНІ АСПЕКТИ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ

The authors of the article emphasize that, given the contemporary conditions in Ukraine necessitating legislative changes, particularly those concerning the reinforcement of criminal liability for offenses committed during a state of war, it is also crucial to undertake a scholarly analysis of legislative novelties. This analysis can substantiate their feasibility or, conversely, identify legal issues they may engender, such as conflicts, gaps, competition between legal norms, and so forth. It is noted that military criminal offenses are outlined in Section XIX of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which contains the definition of military criminal offenses. The societal danger of these offenses is justified by the threat they pose to the effectiveness of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations created in accordance with Ukrainian laws, which are a guarantee of maintaining peace, national security, and territorial integrity. The article underscores the importance of both a properly organized system of law enforcement agencies and a system of legal norms establishing grounds for holding guilty individuals accountable. The authors focus on studying the legislative provisions regarding desertion in the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. From the analysis of judicial practice, it is evident that this type of military offense is the most widespread within the ranks of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The relevance of the article lies in the necessity to analyze the amendments made to the relevant legislative acts. For example, new features of administrative and criminal liability for AWOL. Based on the research of criminal law scholars and lawyers, several problems related to the qualification of this type of military offense are presented. Drawing from the analysis of the outlined qualification problems of AWOL under Ukrainian law, the article discusses methods to overcome them. Key words: military offenses, criminal liability, Criminal Code of Ukraine, Armed Forces of Ukraine, military personnel, state of war.

Adaptation of strategic models of enterprises to industry markets

Introduction. In the contemporary conditions of global business, enterprises constantly face challenges associated with the need to adapt to dynamic industry markets. Rapid technological advancements, shifting consumer preferences, and unpredictable economic conditions require a strategic approach that enables enterprises to quickly and effectively adapt to them. The relevance of this study is driven by the necessity for enterprises to remain competitive and resilient amidst constantly changing market dynamics. In today’s fast-paced business environment, strategic flexibility is a prerequisite for survival and growth. Achieving organizational success requires understanding how enterprises can adapt their strategic models in accordance with the dynamics of the industry market. The purpose of this paper is to explore various strategies and approaches employed by enterprises to adapt to the dynamic structure of industry markets. Results. Based on a thorough analysis of existing literature and real-life examples, this paper draws several key conclusions. Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of strategic flexibility and agility for enterprises to seize new opportunities and mitigate risks. Secondly, it underscores the significance of market intelligence and data-driven decision-making to justify strategic adaptation. Thirdly, it examines the role of organizational culture, leadership, and innovation in enhancing enterprise adaptability. The conclusions drawn from this study highlight the importance of enterprises adopting a dynamic and iterative approach to strategic planning. Static, one-size-fits-all strategic models are no longer viable in today’s unstable markets. Instead, enterprises must foster a culture of flexibility and innovation, constantly reassessing their strategies in response to changing market trends and competitive pressures. Despite providing valuable insights into the adaptation of strategic models to industry market dynamics, some areas for further research remain insufficiently explored. Future research could delve into a deeper examination of specific industries or regions, elucidating how contextual factors influence strategic adaptation.