White Wine Consumption Research Articles

Consumption of Total and Specific Alcoholic Beverages and Long-Term Risk of Gout Among Men and Women

Previous studies on alcohol consumption and incident gout have mostly included men or combined both sexes, and the sex-specific associations between alcohol consumption and gout are poorly understood. To evaluate the consumption of total and specific alcoholic beverages in association with incident gout in men and women. This prospective cohort study included 401 128 participants in the UK Biobank aged 37 to 73 years who were free of gout at baseline (2006-2010). Participants were followed up through December 31, 2021, and data were analyzed between August 2023 and June 2024. Questionnaire-based consumption of total alcohol and specific alcoholic beverages. The outcome was incident gout, identified using hospital records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of incident gout associated with alcohol consumption, with a particular consideration of reverse causation bias. The main analysis included 179 828 men (mean [SD] age, 56.0 [8.2] years) and 221 300 women (mean [SD] age, 56.0 [8.0] years). Current drinkers showed a higher risk of gout than never drinkers among men (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.30-2.18) but not among women (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67-1.03). Among current drinkers, higher total alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of gout among both sexes and more strongly among men than women (men: HR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.84-2.30]; women: HR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.12-1.61]). The most evident sex difference in the consumption of specific alcoholic beverages was observed for beer or cider (men: mean [SD], 4.2 [4.8] pints per week; women: mean [SD], 0.4 [1.1] pints per week). Consumption of champagne or white wine, beer or cider, and spirits each was associated with a higher risk of gout among both sexes, with beer or cider showing the strongest association per 1 pint per day (men: HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.53-1.67]; women: HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.02-2.57]). Some inverse associations between light to moderate consumption of specific alcoholic beverages and gout were eliminated after adjusting for other alcoholic beverages and excluding individuals who had reduced alcohol consumption for health reasons, self-reported poor health, or had cardiovascular disease, cancer, or kidney failure at baseline, or developed gout within the first 2 years of follow-up. In this cohort study, higher consumption of several specific alcoholic beverages was associated with a higher risk of gout among both sexes. The sex-specific associations for total alcohol consumption may be associated with differences between men and women in the types of alcohol consumed.

Impact of dietary, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors on calcitonin levels in a healthy population

Calcitonin (CT), a hormone secreted by thyroid parafollicular C cells, plays a role in calcium homeostasis and bone health. Understanding the relationship between CT levels and dietary, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors is essential for public health and hormonal balance studies. This study encompassed 3323 healthy participants from the Croatian biobank. We utilized principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce food items into dietary patterns. Regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between CT levels and data collected through questionnaires, accounting for age and sex. CT levels exhibited sex-specific differences, with higher values observed in males. Positive associations were found between CT levels and age, body mass index (BMI), as well as weekly consumption of white and red wine mixed with water. While height and sternal notch-finger length initially correlated positively with CT levels, this relationship reversed upon adjusting for age and sex. Regarding sport activities, CT levels were significantly increased in non-participants compared to occasional sport participants (p = 0.043). Dietary factors yielded intriguing findings, with frequent consumption of butter, animal fat and veal associated with lower CT levels, while higher CT levels were associated with the frequent consumption of white fish, blue fish, pasta, and rice. However, no significant correlation was found between CT levels and bone mineral density (BMD), weight, or body surface area (BSA). This study highlights the complex interplay of dietary, lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors influencing CT levels. These findings suggest that a broad range of factors should be considered in hormonal balance studies, underlining their potential implications for public health.

Association between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease: A prospective cohort study.

In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in comprehending the impact of alcohol consumption on adverse health outcomes. However, the quality of evidence remains limited. Our objective was to conduct a prospective study examining the relationship between different types of alcoholic beverages and the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and identifying the thresholds of safe dose stratified by sex using data from the UK Biobank. 502,490 participants were enrolled. These participants were initially registered between 2006 and 2010, and underwent reassessment between 2012 and 2013. All participants completed a detailed questionnaire on their alcohol consumption, including total alcohol consumption yesterday, weekly consumption of red wine, champagne plus white wine, beer, spirits, and fortified wine. All-cause mortality and the incidence of CVD and CKD were considered as the primary outcomes. 2852 participants reported CKD during a median follow-up period of 11.94 years, while 79,958 participants reported CVD over a median follow-up period of 11.35 years. Additionally, 18,923 participants died over a median follow-up period of 11.89 years. After adjusting for variables such as age, sex, education level, smoking status, diet score, and exercise score, total alcohol consumption showed a U-shaped relationship with the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality, but showed an inverse association with the risk of CKD. Upon further classification of alcoholic beverages, our analysis revealed that red wine, champagne plus white wine, beer, spirits, and fortified wine presented a U-shaped relationship with the risk of all-cause mortality and CKD. However, spirits were positively associated with the risk of CVD, only red wine, champagne plus white wine, beer, and fortified wine showed a U-shaped relationship with the risk of CVD. The safe doses of total alcohol consumption should be < 11 g/d for males and < 10 for females, red wine consumption should be < 7 glasses/week for males and < 6 for females, champagne plus white wine consumption should be < 5 glasses/week, and fortified wine consumption should be < 4 glasses/week. Red wine, champagne plus white wine, beer, and fortified wine below the corresponding thresholds of safe dose in our analysis were significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, CVD, and CKD. And these alcoholic beverages under safe doses exhibited a protective effect against conditions like diabetes, depression, dementia, epilepsy, liver cirrhosis, and other digestive diseases, while didn't increase the risk of cancer.

Alcohol intake including wine drinking is associated with decreased platelet reactivity in a large population sample.

Alcohol consumption is linked to decreased platelet function. Whether this link is dependent on sex or type of beverage remains unclear. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the Framingham Heart Study (N = 3427). Alcohol consumption was assessed by using standardized medical history and Harvard semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Five bioassays measured 120 platelet reactivity traits across agonists in whole-blood and platelet-rich plasma samples. Linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex and aspirin use, hypertension, body mass index, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, smoking and diabetes evaluated associations between platelet reactivity and alcohol consumption. Beta effects, the regression coefficients that estimate the amount of change in each unit of the predictor variable whereas all other predictor variables remain fixed, for heavy alcohol consumption were compared with effects of aspirin use. Alcohol consumption was associated with decreased platelet reactivity, with more associations among wine and liquor compared with beer. Many platelet-alcohol associations in the full sample (86%, P < 0.01) had larger effect sizes in females. Lower light transmission aggregometry adenosine diphosphate (1.82 µM) maximum aggregation (P = 2.6E-3, 95%CI = -0.07, -0.02, β = -0.042) and area under the curve (P = 7.7E-3, 95%CI = -0.07, -0.01, β = -0.039) were associated with white wine consumption; however, red wine had no associations with platelet reactivity. The effect of aspirin use was on average 11.3 (±4.0) times greater than that of heavy drinking in our full sample. We confirm associations between alcohol consumption and decreased platelet reactivity. Effects appeared larger for liquor and wine intake and in our female cohort. Red wine consumption is not associated with lower platelet function, contrasting with prior population studies. Although we report an inhibitory relationship between alcohol intake and platelet function, these effects appear much smaller than that of aspirin use.

The impact of climate change on the sustainability of wine production and the structure of its consumption in Czechia

Vine-growing for the production of wine constitutes one of the major areas of agriculture of Czechia, and in recent years it has been qualitatively improved. The purpose of this study is to express the effects of climate change on the structure of wine production and consumption in the Czech Republic in connection with the growing local popularity of white wine consumption. The current consumer preferences of wine consumers in the Czech Republic (characterized by the growing popularity of white wines) are not in line with the effects of future climate change associated with the assumption of growing vine varieties suitable for the production of red wines. The methodology of the following study is based especially on the evaluation of statistical data about vine growing and wine production of Czechia and a research investigation about consumers’ preferences in the consumption of wines in Czechia. The effect of long-term climate change in the region are likely to lead to an increase in growing areas, especially in favour of vine varieties suitable for the production of red or rosé wines. The harvest of wine grapes, the hectare yield of grapes and the production of wine in Czechia do not show a significant development trend in the long-term time series of 2000–2019. Thus, in the future, the development of viticulture in Czechia will be influenced mainly by the location of the planted area of vineyards or the development of consumer habits and preferences.

Differential Effects of White Wine and Ethanol Consumption on Survival of Rats after a Myocardial Infarction

Studies of the cardioprotective effects of wine are mainly focused on red wines, due to their much higher content of bioactive compounds relative to white wines. Although some studies indicate a cardioprotective effect of white wine, there is no clear consensus on the existence of additional benefits of white wine over ethanol. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effects of moderate consumption of white wine and ethanol on the survival of rats subjected to surgically induced myocardial infarction (MI). Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 74) were randomized into three groups: water only, white wine or a 13% v/v ethanol/water solution. After a four-week drinking period, MI was induced by ligating the left anterior descending artery. The survival rate was highest in the wine group (72.2%), and lowest in the water only group (47.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the ethanol and water groups. An analysis linking drinking volumes to survival outcomes revealed that lower ethanol consumption was more prevalent in rats that survived, indicating an upper limit for the protective effects of ethanol. An opposite finding was noticed in the wine group, where no deaths occurred in rats with an average daily white wine consumption of approximately 10 mL or more. We conclude that moderate consumption of white wine has a positive effect on survival after a myocardial infarction, which cannot be attributed only to ethanol, but also to other white wine constituents.

Risk of inflammatory bowel disease appears to vary across different frequency, amount, and subtype of alcoholic beverages.

ObjectiveInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and alcohol use has become a significant and growing public health concern. Alcohol use has been reported to be the most-avoided diet item among IBD patients. However, knowledge regarding the impact of different classes of alcoholic beverages on the management of IBD is limited. Our study aims to evaluate the association of different frequencies, amounts, and subtypes of alcoholic beverages with IBD risk.MethodsThe UK Biobank comprised 7,095 subjects with IBD and 4,95,410 subjects without IBD. Multivariate Logistic regression, stratifying analysis, and interaction terms were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of IBD. A generalized additive model was used to evaluate the linearity associations of the total amount of all alcoholic beverages or that of each of five alcoholic beverages with IBD risk.ResultsCompared with non-drinkers, the IBD risk was 12 to 16% lower in red wine consumers (1–2 glasses/week, OR [95%CI], 0.88 [0.80, 0.97]; 3–4 glasses/week, 0.84 [0.76, 0.93]; ≥5 glasses/week, 0.86 [0.78, 0.95]), whereas 12% higher in white wine and champagne consumers (1–2 glasses/week, 1.12 [1.03, 1.22]). Stratifying analysis showed low-frequency red wine consumers were associated with a lower IBD risk (0.85 [0.74, 0.97]), whereas spirits consumers were associated with a higher risk (1.28 [1.03, 1.59]). High doge of red wine consumers were associated with a lower IBD risk (above guidelines, 0.80 [0.67, 0.97]; double above, 0.83 [0.71, 0.97]), whereas high doge white wine and champagne (1.32 [1.09, 1.61]) and beer and cider (1.26 [1.02, 1.54]) consumers were associated with a higher IBD risk. White wine and champagne showed a significant interaction effect with high doge alcohol consumption (1.27 [1.03–1.58], p = 0.029). The dose-response association showed an increased IBD risk with more number of alcohol consumption of white wine and champagne, beer and cider, or the total amount of all alcoholic beverages. However, red wine is at low risk across the whole dose cycle.ConclusionsThe IBD risk appears to vary across different frequencies, amounts, and subtypes of alcoholic beverages. Overall, alcohol intake is not recommended.

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Red and White Wines Produced from Autochthonous Croatian Varieties: Effect of Moderate Consumption on Human Health.

Moderate wine consumption is often associated with healthy lifestyle habits. The role of wine as a healthy drink is mainly due to its bioactive compounds, which differ according to various viticultural and enological factors. The aim of the present study was to observe the differences in bioactive compounds of white and red autochthonous Croatian wines, differing in terms of the grape variety and production technology. Our further aim was to explore the effect of their moderate consumption (200 mL per day) over the course of six weeks on some aspects of health in sixty-six healthy individuals. Participants were divided into eight groups depending on the wines consumed, while one group formed a non-consuming control group. Medical examination and laboratory tests were performed before the start and at the end of the consumption period. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL concentrations decreased. Additionally, an increase in HDL concentrations, and serotonin and dopamine levels, was observed. ALT, ALP, and GGT levels did not significantly increase in consumer groups, although alcohol concentration was relatively high in all the wines. Such results support the beneficial effects of wine-derived bioactive compounds on some health aspects resulting from moderate white and red wine consumption.

Beer, wine, and spirits differentially influence body composition in older white adults-a United Kingdom Biobank study.

BACKGROUNDAging is characterized by body composition alterations, including increased visceral adiposity accumulation and bone loss. Alcohol consumption may partially drive these alterations, but findings are mixed. This study primarily aimed to investigate whether different alcohol types (beer/cider, red wine, white wine/Champagne, spirits) differentially associated with body composition.METHODSThe longitudinal UK Biobank study leveraged 1869 White participants (40–80 years; 59% male). Participants self‐reported demographic, alcohol/dietary consumption, and lifestyle factors using a touchscreen questionnaire. Anthropometrics and serum for proteomics were collected. Body composition was obtained via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Structural equation modeling was used to probe direct/indirect associations between alcohol types, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and body composition.RESULTSGreater beer/spirit consumptions were associated with greater visceral adiposity (β = 0.069, p < 0.001 and β = 0.014, p < 0.001, respectively), which was driven by dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In contrast, drinking more red wine was associated with less visceral adipose mass (β = −0.023, p < 0.001), which was driven by reduced inflammation and elevated high‐density lipoproteins. White wine consumption predicted greater bone density (β = 0.051, p < 0.005).DISCUSSIONBeer/spirits may partially contribute to the “empty calorie” hypothesis related to adipogenesis, while red wine may help protect against adipogenesis due to anti‐inflammatory/eulipidemic effects. Furthermore, white wine may benefit bone health in older White adults.1

COVID-19 Risk Appears to Vary Across Different Alcoholic Beverages.

Objectives: To evaluate the associations of status, amount, and frequency of alcohol consumption across different alcoholic beverages with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk and associated mortality.Methods: This study included 473,957 subjects, 16,559 of whom tested positive for COVID-19. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of alcohol consumption with COVID-19 risk and associated mortality. The non-linearity association between the amount of alcohol consumption and COVID-19 risk was evaluated by a generalized additive model.Results: Subjects who consumed alcohol double above the guidelines had a higher risk of COVID-19 (1.12 [1.00, 1.25]). Consumption of red wine above or double above the guidelines played protective effects against the COVID-19. Consumption of beer and cider increased the COVID-19 risk, regardless of the frequency and amount of alcohol intake. Low-frequency of consumption of fortified wine (1–2 glasses/week) within guidelines had a protective effect against the COVID-19. High frequency of consumption of spirits (≥5 glasses/week) within guidelines increased the COVID-19 risk, whereas the high frequency of consumption of white wine and champagne above the guidelines decreased the COVID-19 risk. The generalized additive model showed an increased risk of COVID-19 with a greater number of alcohol consumption. Alcohol drinker status, frequency, amount, and subtypes of alcoholic beverages were not associated with COVID-19 associated mortality.Conclusions: The COVID-19 risk appears to vary across different alcoholic beverage subtypes, frequency, and amount. Red wine, white wine, and champagne have chances to reduce the risk of COVID-19. Consumption of beer and cider and spirits and heavy drinking are not recommended during the epidemics. Public health guidance should focus on reducing the risk of COVID-19 by advocating healthy lifestyle habits and preferential policies among consumers of beer and cider and spirits.

Risk Thresholds for Total and Beverage-Specific Alcohol Consumption and Incident Atrial Fibrillation.

This study sought to characterize associations of total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption with incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Although binge drinking and moderate to high consumption of alcohol are both established risk factors for AF, comparatively less is known about the effect of low alcohol consumption and whether associations differ by specific alcoholic beverages. Using data from the UK Biobank, total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption was calculated as UK standard drinks (8g alcohol) per week. Past drinkers and those with a history of AF were excluded. Incident AF events were assessed through hospitalization and death records, and dose-response associations were characterized using Cox regression models with correction for regression dilution bias. We studied 403,281 middle-aged individuals (52.4% female). Over a median follow-up time of 11.4 years (IQR: 10.7-12.3 years), a total of 21,312 incident AF events occurred. A J-shaped association of total alcohol consumption was observed, with lowest risk of AF with fewer than 7 drinks/week. Beverage-specific analyses demonstrated harmful associations of beer/cider consumption with any consumption. In contrast, consumption of red wine, white wine, and spirits up to 10, 8, and 3 drinks/week, respectively, was not associated with increased risk. In this predominantly White population, low levels of alcohol consumption (<7 U.K. standard drinks [56g alcohol]/week) were associated with lowest AF risk. Low consumption of red and white wine and very low consumption of spirits may not be associated with increased AF risk, whereas any consumption of beer/cider may be associated with harm. These findings may have important implications for the primary prevention of AF that should beexplored in future studies.

Is Alcohol Consumption Associated With Risk of Early Menopause?

Earlier age at menopause is associated with increased long-term health risks. Moderate alcohol intake has been suggested to delay menopause onset, but it is unknown whether alcohol subtypes are associated with early menopause onset at age 45 years. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate risk of early natural menopause among 107,817 members of the Nurses' Health Study II who were followed from 1989 to 2011. Alcohol consumption overall and by subtypes, including beer, red wine, white wine, and liquor, was assessed throughout follow-up. We estimated hazard ratios in multivariable models that were adjusted for age, body mass index, parity, smoking, and other potential confounders. Women who reported moderate current alcohol consumption had lower risks of early menopause than did nondrinkers. Those who reported consuming 10.0-14.9 g/day had a lower risk of early menopause than did nondrinkers (hazard ratio=0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.68, 0.97). Among specific beverages, evidence of lower early menopause risk was confined to consumption of white wine and potentially red wine and liquor, but not to beer. Data from this large prospective study suggest a weak association of moderate alcohol intake with lower risk of early menopause, which was most pronounced for consumption of white and red wine and liquor. High consumption was not related to lower risk of early menopause.

A Study on Determinants of French Wine Demand for French Wine Consumers

Purpose - This study attempts to estimate influencing factors through the establishment of a demand model for wine selection attributes centering on the French region of Bordeaux, which has high growth potential in the future. This analysis, can be used to select a marketing strategy by presenting the direction of development of the French wine market through the analysis of factors that determine the demand for wine in Bordeaux, France. Design/Methodology/Approach - This study was conducted for two months using survey data collected from the Bordeaux region, targeting French with experience drinking wine mainly in the Bordeaux region of France. To examine the influence on the French wine selection attributes and usage patterns, influencing factors were estimated through factor analysis and the establishment of a Truncated Poisson (TP) model. Findings - As a result of estimation by applying the wine TP model in Bordeaux, France, it was found that variables related to socioeconomic characteristics had a positive effect on occupation. The wine selection attribute factor was found to have a positive effect on grape variety, quality grade, and inner characteristics. In addition, it was found that this had a positive effect on the consumption of red wine and the consumption of white wine in one occurance. Research Implications - Considering the limitations of the lack of empirical approaches to the marketing strategy of the wine market in Bordeaux, France, through the estimated results of this analysis, an attempt was made to enter the French wine market with a substantial wine consumption promotion and sales strategy in the French wine market. This can help to provide a clues for suggesting marketing plans for the Korean wine industry.

Pick Your Poison Carefully: How Alcohol Consumption and Serum Biomarkers Influence Body Fat – A UK Biobank Study

Aging is characterized by physiological alterations in body composition, such as increased visceral adiposity accumulation and bone loss. Alcohol consumption is thought to partially drive these associations, but findings have been mixed. To clarify inconsistent findings, different types of alcohol--beer, liquor, and wine--may show different association patterns with body composition. Our longitudinal U.K. Biobank study leveraged 1,874 White British participants (aged 40-79 years; 58.9% male). Participants self-reported demographic, alcohol and dietary consumption patterns, and lifestyle factors using a touchscreen questionnaire. Anthropometrics and serum for proteomics were collected and body composition was obtained via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Structural equation modeling was used to probe direct and indirect associations between adiposity and bone, alcohol types, and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Over a mean duration of four years, greater consumption of beer and liquor were significantly associated with more visceral adiposity (β=.069, p<.001 and β=.014, p<.001, respectively); these associations were driven by dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In contrast, greater red wine consumption predicted less adipose mass (β=-.023, p<.001), and this association was mediated by reduced inflammation and higher high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol. White wine consumption did not influence visceral adiposity but did predict greater bone mineral density (BMD) (β=.051, p=.003). Taken together, these data suggest that beer and liquor may drive the “empty calorie” hypothesis related to adipogenesis, while red wine may be protective due to anti-inflammatory and eulipidemic effects. Furthermore, white wine may benefit bone mineral density in older adults.

Expression of Leukocytes Following Myocardial Infarction in Rats is Modulated by Moderate White Wine Consumption.

How moderate white wine consumption modulates inflammatory cells infiltration of the ischemic myocardium following permanent coronary ligation was the key question addressed in this study. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given either a combination of different white wines or water only for 28 days. Three peri-infarct/border zones and a control/nonischemic zone were analysed to determine the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68). Smaller expressions for both MPO and CD68 were found in all three peri-infarct zones of wine drinking animals (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the expression of leukocyte markers between animals drinking standard and polyphenol-rich white wine, although for CD68, a nonsignificant attenuation was noticed. In sham animals, a subepicardial MPO/CD68 immunoreactive “inflammatory ring” is described. Standard white wine consumption caused attenuation of the expression of MPO but not of CD68 in these animals. We conclude that white wine consumption positively modulates peri-infarct inflammatory infiltration.

Consumption of aged white wine modulates cardiovascular risk factors via circulating endothelial progenitor cells and inflammatory biomarkers

There is compelling evidence showing that moderate alcohol consumption reduces cardiovascular risk factors related to atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aged white wine (AWW) and gin on circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and the expression of cell adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines related to atherosclerosis in high cardiovascular risk subjects. This was an open, randomized, controlled, crossover study in 38 high-risk male volunteers between 55 and 80 years of age randomized to receive 30g of ethanol/day as AWW or gin during 3 weeks. We used the paired two-tailed t-test to compare differences in outcome variables in response to each intervention. Carryover effects for the two periods were evaluated comparing the outcome variables before the AWW and gin interventions. Compared to gin, AWW intake was associated with a significant 39.6% increase in EPCs. Expression of CD31 and CD40 in T-lymphocytes and of CCR2 and CD36 in monocytes also decreased significantly after AWW intake. In addition, compared to gin, AWW was associated with a significant decrease of plasma pro-inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-8 and interleukin-18 and vascular and intercellular adhesion molecules-1. Lfa-1, Mac-1, VLA4, CD40 and CD31 expression in monocytes and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) concentrations significantly decreased after intake of both alcoholic beverages. AWW shows a greater ability to repair and maintain endothelial integrity compared to gin. This effect is probably due to grape-derived minor components in AWW, which are absent in gin.

Expression of adhesion molecules on granulocytes and monocytes following myocardial infarction in rats drinking white wine.

Neutrophils and monocytes through their CD15s, CD11b and CD44 adhesion molecules are implicated in the initiation and resolution of cardiac inflammation as well as in healing processes after the myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of white wine consumption on granulocyte and monocyte CD15s, CD11b, and CD44 expression 24h after the surgically inflicted MI. Granulocytes and monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry, using whole blood of male Sprague–Dawley rats that consumed white wine for 4 weeks. This group was compared with water only drinking controls, sham animals (subject to surgery without myocardial infarction) and baseline group (intact animals that received no intervention prior to being sacrificed). Sham animals did not differ from baseline animals in CD11b+CD44+ percentage and CD44+ median fluorescence intensity. Wine drinking was associated with striking increase in CD44 expression on monocyte subpopulations. Its expression was three and fourfold increased on monocytes and large monocytes, respectively, relative to the water only drinking controls. Because of known role of CD44 on suppression of post-infarction inflammation, its upregulation on granulocytes and monocytes may significantly contribute to the microenvironment favourable for the cardiac regeneration.

The impact of moderate wine consumption on the risk of developing prostate cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of moderate wine consumption on the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). We focused on the differential effect of moderate consumption of red versus white wine.DesignThis study was a meta-analysis that includes data from case–control and cohort studies.Materials and methodsA systematic search of Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, and Cochrane library was performed on December 1, 2017. Studies were deemed eligible if they assessed the risk of PCa due to red, white, or any wine using multivariable logistic regression analysis. We performed a formal meta-analysis for the risk of PCa according to moderate wine and wine type consumption (white or red). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochrane’s Q test and I2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s regression test.ResultsA total of 930 abstracts and titles were initially identified. After removal of duplicates, reviews, and conference abstracts, 83 full-text original articles were screened. Seventeen studies (611,169 subjects) were included for final evaluation and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the case of moderate wine consumption: the pooled risk ratio (RR) for the risk of PCa was 0.98 (95% CI 0.92–1.05, p=0.57) in the multivariable analysis. Moderate white wine consumption increased the risk of PCa with a pooled RR of 1.26 (95% CI 1.10–1.43, p=0.001) in the multi-variable analysis. Meanwhile, moderate red wine consumption had a protective role reducing the risk by 12% (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.999, p=0.047) in the multivariable analysis that comprised 222,447 subjects.ConclusionsIn this meta-analysis, moderate wine consumption did not impact the risk of PCa. Interestingly, regarding the type of wine, moderate consumption of white wine increased the risk of PCa, whereas moderate consumption of red wine had a protective effect. Further analyses are needed to assess the differential molecular effect of white and red wine conferring their impact on PCa risk.

White Wine Consumption Influences Inflammatory Phase of Repair After Myocardial Infarction in Rats.

Effects of white wine (WW) consumption on the expression of inflammatory markers/mediators (MMP-2, MMP-9, NF-ĸB p65 and TGF-β1) in myocardial tissue after experimentally induced permanent myocardial ischemia was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given either a combination of WW and water or only water, for 28 days. After coronary ligation, animals were left to survive for 24 hours. Three representative areas: infarct/ischemic, peri-infarct/border zone, and control/non-ischemic zones were analyzed for expression of immunoreactivity by measuring the threshold area % of signal density. For MMP-9, significantly smaller expression was found in all 3 zones of wine drinking animals (P < 0.001). There was no difference in MMP-2 immunoreactivity between the 2 groups, except in peri-infarct zones, where the signal was significantly decreased (P < 0.001). The same pattern of expression was found for the NF-κB p65 signal, although no differences between experimental groups were observed for TGF-β1. White wine consumption decreases the expression of the 3 investigated inflammatory markers/mediators in the peri-infarct zone, suggesting its significant modulatory effect. For MMP-9 and MMP-2, expression was similar to the effect of postischemic reperfusion. No effect on TGF-β1 was observed, highlighting its role in being the master-switch, changing from the inflammatory to the proliferative stage of infarct healing.

Do emotions related to alcohol consumption differ by alcohol type? An international cross-sectional survey of emotions associated with alcohol consumption and influence on drink choice in different settings

ObjectivesTo examine the emotions associated with drinking different types of alcohol, explore whether these emotions differ by sociodemographics and alcohol dependency and whether the emotions associated with different drink types...