Consumption Of Tilapia Research Articles

Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of trace elements in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from selected inland water bodies.

The presence of toxic trace elements (TEs) has resulted in a worldwide deterioration in freshwater ecosystem quality. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of TEs, including chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), in water, sediment, and organs of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from selected inland water bodies in Tamil Nadu, India. The water samples exhibited a range of concentrations for TEs: Cr varied from 0.014 to 5.193µg/L, Ni ranged from 0.283 to 11.133µg/L, As ranged from 0.503 to 1.519µg/L, Cd from 0.001 to 0.616µg/L, and Pb ranged from non-detectable (ND) to 6.103µg/L. The concentrations of TEs in sediment were found to vary within the following ranges: 5.259 to 32.621mg/kg for Cr, 1.932 to 30.487mg/kg for Ni, 0.129 to 0.563mg/kg for As, 0.003 to 0.011mg/kg for Cd, ND to 0.003mg/kg for Hg, and 0.404 to 1.575mg/kg for Pb. The study found that the accumulation pattern of TE in fishes across all selected areas was liver > bone > gill > muscle. The organs had TE concentrations of Cr (ND-0.769mg/kg), Ni (ND-1.053mg/kg), As (0.002-0.080mg/kg), Pb (ND-0.411mg/kg), and Hg (ND-0.067mg/kg), which was below the maximum residual limit prescribed by EC and FSSAI. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of TEs exhibited a greater magnitude in comparison with the biota-sediment accumulation factor due to the higher concentration of TEs in fish and lower level in water. The assessment of both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks suggests that the consumption of Tilapia from the study region does not pose any significant risks.

The Effectiveness of Biofloc System Cultivation with the Addition of Supplements Ginger Flour through Feed on the Growth of Tilapia

Demand for tilapia consumption cannot be fulfilled due to limited availability. Intensive cultivation is carried out by increasing the stocking density to overcome this. An increase in stocking density can lead to a decrease in water quality which in turn can inhibit growth. To overcome this problem, biofloc system cultivation is carried out with herbal supplements through feed to maintain water quality and optimal fish growth. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the ginger diet on the growth of tilapia reared for 60 days compared to the ginger and garlic diet for 90 days with biofloc system cultivation. The study was conducted by the experimental method using a completely randomized design, with 3 treatments, 1 control, and each was repeated 4 times for 60 days. The results showed that cultivating tilapia using the biofloc system with the ginger diet for 60 days significantly increased growth, while the garlic diet for 90 days was only significant for weight gain. A ginger diet for 60 days on tilapia and 90 days on gourami with a biofloc cultivation system has the same pattern and effectiveness on growth with an optimal dose of 5.63 g kg-1 feed. The cultivation of the biofloc system was more effective with the ginger diet for 60 days compared to the ginger and garlic diet for 90 days on fish growth. This shows that biofloc cultivation for 60 days with a ginger diet is recommended for fish farming.

Tilapia consumption patterns and consumer preferences: Predictors and perspectives of consumers in Ghana

The objective of this study was to assess consumer behaviour towards tilapia and tilapia products and provide information linking production with consumption patterns and preferences as well as to predict factors that influence consumer preference, purchase behaviour, and willingness to patronize tilapia fillets using classification and regression trees. A total of 960 responses were obtained using convenient sampling. The findings of this survey indicate that tilapia is eaten mainly because of its taste. Regarding the various cooked tilapia options available in Ghana, 58.5 % preferred charcoal-grilled tilapia while sixty-six per cent (66 %) preferred to purchase their tilapia in the fresh state. Furthermore, sixty-five per cent (65 %) of the participants revealed that they consume tilapia at least once a month, indicating a link between production and consumption, as well as a continuous market for tilapia fish farmers. Most respondents (85 %) would prefer an easier way to prepare tilapia. The availability of tilapia in a fillet form appealed to about 50.8 % of respondents with 78 % indicating that they would purchase tilapia fillets if they were available on the market. For the parts of tilapia consumed, 70 % indicated that the head of tilapia was important to them and only 49 % of respondents indicated they would buy fillets without the head. The top three preferred fillet options in increasing order were chilled, frozen, and spiced. From the study of associations, income was the most important factor determining whether a consumer would purchase tilapia fillets or not. However, with regards to preference of head or tail region, age was the most important determining factor. Thus, consideration of all these factors would serve as a guide to businesspeople and actors within the tilapia value chain in Ghana and beyond.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in aquatic products of Guangzhou city, South China: Accumulation, distribution and health risk

Studies have shown that consuming aquatic products is the primary pathway for human uptake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). This study collected seven types of aquatic products eaten in Guangzhou City. Gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to investigate eight PBDE congeners to analyze their concentration, distribution, and potential risk. The concentration of PBDEs in aquatic products ranged from 1.92 to 91.11 ng/g lw, with BDE–209, BDE–99, and BDE–154 as the predominant PBDE congeners. Moreover, the concentrations and congener profiles of these contaminants vary in aquatic products. The highest accumulation level was found in shrimp and clams, primarily attributed to dietary habits, metabolic capacity, and accumulation of xenobiotics. According to the dietary questionnaire, the total consumption of aquatic animals was 82.64 g/day, with a significant non-carcinogenic risk to consumers in Guangzhou at higher levels of consumption (HI ≥ 1). Therefore, the maximum allowable daily consumption of grass carp, crucian carp, tilapia, Japanese seaperch, shrimp, clam and crab is 33.33, 55.00, 67.50, 44.44, 41.67, and 51.67 g/day, corresponding to daily intake frequencies of 5, 8, 10, 6, 6, 7, and 5 times/month, respectively. Our results could provide reasonable dietary advice for humans.

Sublethal Toxicity Effects of the Organochlorine Insecticide Endosulfan on Oxygen Consumption Level and Gill Histopathology of Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Fry

The uncontrolled use of organochlorine insecticides in the agricultural sector has an impact on water pollution and threatens the lives of organisms in it. Pollutants can reduce water quality and interfere with the performance of fish organ systems, triggering stress and even death. The purpose of the study was to determine the sublethal effects of the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan on the level of oxygen consumption and histopathology of tilapia seed gills. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Airlangga, from March to May 2021. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) experimental method. The treatment used was exposure to organochlorine endosulfan doses of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70% with LC50-96 hours, which was observed for 28 days. Oxygen consumption data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance, followed by DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test). While gill histopathology data were analyzed descriptively by comparing normal and abnormal gill histopathology. The results showed that the sublethal toxicity of the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the level of oxygen consumption and had an impact on the histopathological condition of the tilapia seed gills. The types of gill damage found were oedema, hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, hemorrhage, and necrosis.

Cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead content of fish and vegetables from selected dams in Osun State, Nigeria

Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in foods are a threat to global health. This study investigated concentrations of selected PTEs; cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead in fish and cultivated vegetables from and along the dams, respectively. Totally, 84 samples; 60 Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), 12 Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and 12 Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) obtained from six dams in Southwestern Nigeria were digested using aqua-regia. Elemental quantification with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and validation via recovery test (97.1–100%), linearity (R2 ≥ 0.997) and limit of detection (LOD) (0.01–0.18 mg kg-1) were done. The PTEs concentrations in the two vegetables did not maximum exceed the permissible levels, except for Pb. In fish samples, PTEs concentrations were > maximum permissible levels and ranged from 1.18 to 2.31, 3.15–3.92, 0.41–14.2 and 2.36–3.73 mg kg-1 for Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb respectively. Human health risk assessment revealed the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) values for consumption of Tilapia by children for Pb and Cd were > Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) while for adults, higher EDI values were for Pb. Conclusively, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic assessment results reveal that consumption of tilapia, okra and bitter leaf from these dams is not safe.

Predation rate of dragonfly (Odonata: Libellulidae) on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus 1758) and the availability of alternative preys (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) to increase fish survival

The objective of this work was to evaluate the predation rates of two genera of Odonata Miathyria Kirby, 1889 and Erythemis Hagen, 1861 in post-larviculture of tilapia with and without availability of Chironomidae. For that, 3 experiments were carried out, the first to analyze which size scale of these two genera would be more efficient in the predation of tilapia and the other 2 experiments with the selected size scales, to analyze the predation rates on tilapia with different Odonata densities, with and without availability of the aquatic insect Chironomidae. For statistical analysis of the data, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied with the Duncan test searching for the means in all experiments. In experiments 2 and 3 a linear regression model was also applied. In experiment 1, there were significant differences between treatments, and in the phase with Miathyria the predation of tilapia post-larvae was higher among odonates that corresponded to the size scale from 7.1 to 9.9 mm and therefore the scale was also selected for the next experiments. For Erythemis, the consumption of tilapia was higher in the size scale between 12.1 to 14,2 mm. In the following experiments, there were significant differences between treatments. With the increase in Odonata densities the predation of the fish was greater. With the availability of Chironomidae, the consumption of tilapia post-larvae decreased. The consumption of Chironomidae was higher than the consumption of fish in experiment 3. Miathyria proved to be more efficient than Erythemis in predation and the use of Chironomidae can be a sustainable alternative for post-larvae predation control on fish farms.

Ethnographic and functional perspectives of tilapia names among the Ewe of Ghana

Modern methods of rearing tilapia in recent years and the importation of same may have contributed to the increase in the consumption of tilapia in Ghana as a whole, particularly among the Eʋe. Most organisms, including animals and fish, are named but they may not respond to their names as humans do. Observation also shows that consumers of tilapia are mostly conversant with the generic name of the fish and less interested in particularising the different species with their names. This paper seeks to investigate the essence of animal names with particular reference to tilapia among the Eʋe of Ghana. The research questions that are germane to the study are the following: Does the composition of names of tilapia derive from their physical characteristics? What knowledge do the Eʋe have about the names of tilapia and how does their knowledge influence the production, marketing and consumption of tilapia. The paper adopts a descriptive design approach in data collection and analysis. It establishes that the idiosyncrasies and general physical features of tilapia reflect in their naming system. Analysis also reveals that the names are both free and bound morphemes. The data further shows that geographical location, vocation, sex and age dynamics affect knowledge on the names of tilapia. These, to some extent, influence the production, marketing and consumption of the fish. The paper, therefore, concludes that even though organisms may not respond to their names, the names of those organisms such as tilapia are relevant to the people who ascribe these names to them.

Relationship between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of IGF-1 Gene in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Weight Gain

Production and consumption of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) have been growing. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a hormone that affects animal weight. Traditional breeding combined with molecular marker technology-assisted selective breeding has long been used to cultivate new fish strains and produce high-quality Nile tilapia. Moreover, molecular markers or genes related to important economic traits can be identified with the help of molecular-assisted selection breeding. A total of 152 Nile tilapia fish fin samples were collected from Janghang fish farm and classified according to their weight and sex. A total of 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the Nile tilapia IGF-1 gene in this study. One SNP was located in the promoter region, three in the 5

Different quantities of copper oxide nanoparticles incorporated feed on growth and haematological parameters Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus

Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, EDAX, X-Ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Inferior Spectroscopy. Six feeds were prepared by using a fish meal, groundnut oil cake, wheat flour tapioca flour and different quantities of copper oxide nanoparticles such as 0,20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/100g of feed. Feed utilization and haematological parameters were estimated after 21 days. The UV-visible absorption spectra show that CuO NPs were measured in wavelengths within 200 to 300 nm and exhibited strong adsorption at 220 nm. SEM images show that the Copper oxide nanoparticles were observed at the wavelength range of 9.18 nm. EDAX spectrum recorded two peaks located on the spectrum at 0.9 KeV and 8 KeV. XRD images were observed at the wavelength range from 75 nm. FT-IR spectrum was observed at the wavelength range from 400-4000 cm. The final condition factor of Tilapia was higher when compared to the initial. The feed consumption of Tilapia is higher in feed V (8.03) and lower in feed I (4.83). The feed conversion efficiency of Tilapia was higher in feed VI (7.6±6.9) and lower in feed IV (2.4+1.4). The feed conversion ratio of Tilapia was best in feed IV. Growth and the percentage growth of Tilapia were higher in feed III and I respectively. Assimilation of Tilapia was higher in feed IV and lower in feed V. Metabolism of Tilapia was higher in feed VI and lower in feed II. The WBC count is gradually increased from feed I to feed VI. Haemoglobin content decreased from feed I to feed VI. Haematocrit (Het) is higher in feed I (1.5%) and lower in feed VI (0.3 %). The platelets are increased with an increasing quantity of copper oxide nanoparticles in the feed.

Trace metal exposure and human health consequences through consumption of market-available Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in Bangladesh.

Using Oreochromis niloticus (L.), commonly known as tilapia, as a model, this study evaluated the exposure of trace metal and their risk assessment on human health. In addition, the status of amino acids, fatty acids, vital elements, and their benefits is also studied. Estimating the nutrient composition of fish muscle is necessary to ensure that it meets the requirements for human health, food regulations, and commercial specifications. The species examined contained appreciable concentrations of amino acids, fatty acid content, and minerals, suggesting that the fish species could be a good source of protein, fat, and minerals. Hazardous heavy metals were found to be lower compared to their corresponding maximum tolerable limits. The order of trace metals is Zn (22,709µg/kg) > Fe (19,878µg/kg) > Cu (1261µg /kg) > Mn (1228µg/kg) > Cr (474µg/kg) > Ni (152µg/kg) As (318µg /kg) > Pb (281µg/kg) > Co (24µg /kg) > Cd (13µg/kg) > Hg (5µg/kg); a number of health-related indices, including estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI), as well as carcinogenic risk (CR) indices for adult and children, were calculated to evaluate the human health hazard of the heavy metals. The THQ and HI of heavy metals for tilapia are lower than 1, posing a non-carcinogenic threat to human health due to the biomagnifications of these deadly poisonous metals. Principal component, cluster, and correlation analyses delineated the common probabilistic sources of metal contamination origin and significant inter-parameter associations. Although no human health risks for the consumption of tilapia was found, more attention must be paid for the monitoring of Oreochromis niloticus before entering the market.

Effect of Hydroxyapatite Synthesized from Tilapia Fish Scale Waste on the Shear Bond Strength of GIC and RMGIC to Enamel Layer (<i>In Vitro</i> Study)

Indonesia is a country that has many types of freshwater fish, one of which is tilapia. The consumption of tilapia among the people of Indonesia is quite high. So that, it will produce a lot of fish scale waste. Fish scales can be used as a natural source of hydroxyapatite because they contain calcium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroxyapatite synthesized from tilapia fish scale (Oreochromis niloticus) on the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement and resin modified glass ionomer cement to enamel layer. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized from tilapia fish scale (Oreochromis niloticus) by calcination method at 800°C. Sample was made from glass ionomer cement (GIC) and resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) combined with 2, 5 and 8%wt of hydroxyapatite, respectively. Sample was bonded to enamel layer of human premolar tooth. The shear bond strength of sample was tested by using Universal Testing Machine. The result showed that shear bond strength were increased for higher concentration of hydroxyapatite that added to glass ionomer cement or resin modified glass ionomer cement. The maximum of shear bond strength of GIC Group is 6,38 ± 0,05MPa after 8%wt hydroxyapatite addition. The maximum of shear bond strength of RMGIC Group is 6,59 ± 0,06 MPa after 8%wt hydroxyapatite addition. There were significance differences among all group tested (p <0.05). It can be concluded that hydroxyapatite synthesized from tylapia fish scale can increase the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement and resin modified glass ionomer cement.

Effect of Arthrospira Platensis (Spirulina) and Azolla Pinnata on Growth Performance and Hematology of the Freshwater Fish Oreochromis Mossambicus (Tilapia)

Aquaculture is identified as the viable alternative source, for increasing fish production to meet out ever growing demand for fish consumption. Due to their high nutritive value, toxic-free, environment friendly and high productivity Azolla and Spirulina were considered as promising feed. The knowledge of hematological and growth characteristics is an important tool that can be used as a sensitive and effective index to monitor pathological and physiological changes in fish. Consumption of Azolla and Spirulina by fish can have direct or indirect effects on human health. In the present study, a survey was conducted in humans to analyze the effect of Azolla, Spirulina through fish tilapia consumption and also to analyze the hematological and growth changes the fish Oreochromis mossambicus were exposed to different concentrations of spirulina and Azolla with commercial fish feed. Fishes were selected for the weight of (21gram) and length of (11cm) for the present experiment. In the control group, 6 fishes were exposed to 20 grams of commercial fish feed. In the first group T1 (experiment 1) 6 fishes were exposed to 8 grams of Azolla with 12 grams of commercial fish feed, in the second group T2 (experiment 2) 6 fishes were exposed 8 grams of Spirulina with 12 gram of commercial fish feed and in the third group T3 (experiment3) 6 fishes were exposed 4 grams of Azolla and 4 grams of Spirulina with 12 gram of commercial fish feed for 60 days. In the present investigation, growth level was increased when fish Oreochromis mossambicus was exposed to different concentrations of Spirulina and Azolla with commercial fish feed, and also significant differences were observed in the blood parameters like white blood cells (WBC), Red blood cells (RBC), Hemoglobin (HB), MCV and MCH. A questionnaire-based dietary survey of tilapia consumers were collected in detail through face-to-face interviews at fish shops located nearby KRP Dam, Krishnagiri district. Statistical data were analyzed using SPSS software and all tests were considered significant at p<0:05. Main objective of the present study is to analyze the growth and hematological effect of Azolla, Spirulina in fish tilapia and also to identify the fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) consuming people through questionnaire-based survey. It is concluded that more people consumed fish tilapia as a common food and fish fed with azola and spirulina showed rich nutritive value. So, the present study recommended that, if the fish tilapia is fed with azolla and spirulina, this may increase the nutritive states of human populations via fish Tilapia.

Toxicological Effects of Lead Nitrate on Biochemical Parameters of Fresh Water Fish Oreochromis niloticus

Freshwater systems are exposed to a variety of pollution sources, such as industrial waste, domestic sewage, agricultural disposal and mining processes. Most of the heavy metals entering into the food chain cause physiological damage for aquatic organisms. The toxicological effects of heavy metals are to non-target organisms like freshwater fishes. Lead is the most important heavy metal that causes bio accumulative toxicity in fish and other aquatic organisms. Lead nitrate is one of the heavy metals, that are found in the environment and causes many adverse effects. Oreochromis niloticus is an important species in commercial fisheries in the world. Human consumption of heavy- metal polluted water can have direct or indirect effects on human health. The present study analyzed the accumulation of heavy metals in water, fish Nile tilapia and also conducted a health risk assessment on humans. In the present study, the 96h LC50 values recorded for lead nitrate was 43ppm.The fish Oreochromis niloticus were treated for the sub lethal concentration of 1/10th,1/20/ and 1/30of lead nitrate (Pb (NO3)2) for the period of 30 days to get biochemical variations of different tissues in the Gill, Liver, Muscle and Kidney. The decreased level of Carbohydrate observed in Lead nitrate exposed fish at all the sub lethal concentrations (1/10, 1/20 and 1/30). The level of total protein and Lipid concentrations were decreased in Gill, Liver, Muscle and Kidney of lead nitrate treated fish Oreochromis niloticus. The depletion of protein, lipid, Carbohydrate content in Gill, Liver, Muscle and Kidney tissues of Oreochromis niloticus was due to the toxicant stress caused by Heavy metal Lead nitrate. A questionnaire-based dietary survey was conducted in 1000 healthy humans from the general population at various fish markets in various places of Krishnagiri district, Tamilnadu. Dietary data were collected in detail through face-to-face interview only on tilapia consumption. Intake (g) was computed. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS for Windows and all tests were considered significant at p< 0:05
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Alterations of oxygen consumption and gills morphology of Nile tilapia acclimatized to extreme warm ambient temperature

Elevation of water temperature due to global warming influences the physiological properties of fish by increasing their rate of metabolic function and demand for oxygen. It is important to know how fish respond to changing environments for indicating and predicting the impacts of climate change on fish populations, communities and for their sustainable management. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the effects of high water temperature on juvenile Nile tilapia, based on the oxygen consumption rate, blood physiology and gill morphology in different temperature (31 °C, 34 °C and 37 °C) in triplicates for a period of 28 days. Results showed that the oxygen consumption rate increased significantly at 37 °C, whereas no significant difference was observed at 31 °C and 34 °C. Hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell (RBC) were decreased significantly at 37 °C after 14 and 28 days of exposure, whereas blood glucose levels showed the opposite scenario. On the other hand, no significant changes were observed for white blood cell (WBC) on day 14, but a significant increase was observed on day 28 at 37 °C. Being the site of main gaseous exchange moderate to severe histopathological changes (epithelial lifting, epithelial necrosis, hypertrophy of chloride cell, lamella fusion, telangiectasia, vacuolation of epithelium and epithelial edema) were observed in the gill especially in the gill lamellae of the experimental fish at 37 °C. The findings of the study indicate the adaptive physiological strategy in changing climate despite being a thermal tolerant species, and the alteration in oxygen consumption rate, gill morphology and blood parameters could be used as an assessment strategy to know the condition of the fish and their surrounding environment.

Metal Pollution and Bioaccumulation in the Nhue-Day River Basin, Vietnam: Potential Ecological and Human Health Risks.

(1) Background: Metal pollution in the Nhue-Day River basin has impacted approximately 12 million people. However, none of the previous studies considered the entire basin’s environmental and health risks. Thus, this research aims to fill knowledge gaps and reduce risks. (2) Methods: Sediment and fish samples from the basin were analyzed to determine the levels of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd pollution and their potential ecological (EF, modified Pollution Index—mPI, and expanded, modified potential ecological risk index—emRI) and human health risks (THQ, HI, and TR indices). (3) Results: Metal levels in sediment exceeded Canadian aquatic life protection guidelines, indicating moderate to severe contamination (EFs: 1.3–58.5 and mPIs: 4–39). Compared to the new proposed ecological risk threshold, all river sites and Site 1 for ponds had elevated metal levels; and these posed a very high ecological risk in spring (emRI > 4.5), with Cd being the most hazardous. Lead levels in all fish tissues surpassed Vietnamese and EU food regulations. In agreement with THQ, EWI (Zn, Cu) and EMI (Cd) were both less than 2.5% of the PTWI and PTMI, respectively. However, HI values of 0.67–1.26 suggested a moderate health risk. Carcinogenic risk (TR > 10−6; estimated for Pb) was detected in several localities for Common carp and Tilapia during the warm season. (4) Conclusions: Metals had a negative impact on the basin’s ecosystem, with Cd being the most dangerous. Because of lead, consumption of Common carp and Tilapia from the basin may pose both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health concerns.

Assessment of heavy metals in wild and farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on Lake Kariba, Zambia: implications for human and fish health

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the levels of heavy metals in both wild and farmed tilapia on Lake Kariba in Zambia and to evaluate the impact of intensive fish farming on wild tilapia. Three sites for wild fish (2 distant and 1 proximal to fish farms) and two fish farms were selected. One hundred fish (52 from distant sites; 20 near fish farms; 28 farmed fish) were sampled and muscle tissues excised for analysis of heavy metals (Mg, Fe, Zn, Al, Cu, Se, Co, Mo, As, Cr, V, Ni, Hg, Pb, Li, Cd, and Ag) by acid (HNO3) digestion and ICP-MS. All metals were found to be below the maximum limits (MLs) set by WHO/EU. Essential metals were higher in farmed tilapia, whereas non-essential metals were higher in wild tilapia. Significantly higher levels of essential metals were found in wild fish near the fish farms than those distant from the farms. Estimated weekly intake (EWI) for all metals were less than the provisional tolerable weekly intakes (PTWI). Target hazard quotients (THQ) and Hazard Indices (HI) were <1, indicating no health risks from a lifetime of fish consumption. Selenium Health Benefit Value (HBVSe) was positive for all locations, indicating protective effects of selenium against mercury in fish. Total cancer risk (CR) due to As, Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb was less than 1 × 10−4, indicating less than 1 in 10,000 carcinogenic risk from a lifetime consumption of tilapia from Lake Kariba. Hg levels (0.021 mg/kg) in wild tilapia at site 1 were higher than the Environmental quality standard (EQS = 0.020 mg/kg) set by EU, indicating possible risk of adverse effects to fish. Except for Hg, levels of metals in fish were safe for human consumption and had no adverse effects on fish.

Plesiomonas: A Review on Food Safety, Fish-Borne Diseases, and Tilapia.

Fish and fish products are considered a fundamental part of the human diet due to their high nutritional value. Food-borne diseases are considered a major public health challenge worldwide due to their incidence, associated mortality, and negative economic repercussions. Food safety is the guarantee that foods will not cause harm to the health of those who consume them, and it is a fundamental property of food quality. Food safety can be at risk of being lost at any stage of the food chain if the food is contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. Many diverse bacteria are present in the environment and as part of the microbiota of food that can be transmitted to humans during the handling and consumption of food. Plesiomonas shigelloides has been mainly associated with outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases due to the consumption of fish. This bacterium inhabits the environment and aquatic animals and is associated with the microbiota of fish such as tilapia, a fish of importance in fishing, aquaculture, commercialization, and consumption worldwide. The purpose of this document is to provide, through a bibliographic review of databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, among others), a general informative perspective on food-borne diseases and, in particular, the consumption of fish and tilapia. Diseases derived from contamination by Plesiomonas shigelloides are included, and control and prevention actions and sanitary regulations for fishery products established in several countries around the world are discussed to promote the safety of foods of aquatic origin intended for human consumption and to protect public health.

Nutritional profile of wild, pond-, gher- and cage-cultured tilapia in Bangladesh

The proximate, minerals, amino acid and fatty acid composition of wild, pond-, gher- and cage-cultured tilapia in Bangladesh were evaluated and varied significantly (p < 0.05). The major component of the tilapia was moisture (79.12%–81.36%), followed by protein (14.93%–16.03%), lipid (0.59%–2.35%), carbohydrate (1.23%–1.51%), fibre (0.47%–0.88%), ash (0.31%–0.53%); the energy value was between 97.62 and 126.73 kcal/100 g. Macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients were detected in following order: K > Na > Mg > Ca and Fe > Mn, respectively in all the tilapia and the ratio of Na/K was <1. Essential amino acids, leucine (1.47–1.56 g/100 g) and lysine (1.66–1.74 g/100 g), were the predominant amino acids in tilapia, followed by non-essential amino acids, aspartic acid (1.72–1.84 g/100 g) and glutamic acid (2.88–3.07 g/100 g). Saturated palmitic acid (25.4%–35.54%), monounsaturated elaidic acid (31.51%–35.63%) and polyunsaturated linolenic acid (17.69%–22.57%) were the main fatty acids found in tilapia. The desirable protein percentage, Na/K ratio, the presence of essential amino acids, leucine and lysine, n-3 and n-6 fatty acid contents proved that the consumption of wild, pond-, gher- and cage-cultured tilapia are beneficial to human health and could be recommended to prevent different diseases particularly of cardiovascular type.

Characterization of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated From Fish Aquaculture of the Southwest Coastal Area of Bangladesh.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen responsible for significant economic losses in aquaculture and a threat to human health. Here, we explored the incidence, virulence potential, and diversity of V. parahaemolyticus isolates from aquaculture farms in Bangladesh. We examined a total of 216 water, sediment, Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia), Labeo rohita (rui), and Penaeus monodon (shrimp) samples from the aquaculture system where 60.2% (130/216) samples were positive for V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, we identified 323 V. parahaemolyticus strains from contaminated samples, 17 of which were found positive for trh, a virulence gene. Four isolates out of the 17 obtained were able to accumulate fluid in the rabbit ileal loop assay. The correlation between the contamination of V. parahaemolyticus and environmental factors was determined by Pearson correlation. The temperature and salinity were significantly correlated (positive) with the incidence of V. parahaemolyticus. Most of the pathogenic isolates (94.1%) were found resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin. O8: KUT was the predominant serotype of the potentially pathogenic isolates. ERIC-PCR reveals genetic variation and relatedness among the pathogenic isolates. Therefore, this region-specific study establishes the incidence of potential infection with V. parahaemolyticus from the consumption of tilapia, rui, and shrimp raised in farms in Satkhira, Bangladesh, and the basis for developing strategies to reduce the risk for diseases and economic burden.