Iron Supplement Consumption Research Articles

Compliance with Iron Supplementation Consumption in Pregnant Women on Hematological Profiles and Ret-He

Fetal growth will increase the mass of maternal and fetal erythrocytes resulting in an increase in iron requirements, causing a decrease in maternal iron stores.A decrease in iron in the body will disrupt the formation of hemoglobin, because one of the components that forms it is heme which contains iron. the aim of our research is to study the compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron supplements regarding hematological features and body iron reserves through the Ret-He examination. This research is a cross-sectional study in 30 pregnant women for complete blood count (CBC), Ret-He and estradiol. There were differences in the concentrations of Hgb and MCHC (P-value < 0.05) and there were no differences in the concentrations of Hct, RBC, MCV, MCH, RDW, Ret-He and estradiol (P-value > 0.05). It was found that there was a relationship between estradiol and Hgb (P-value = 0.047; r = 0.366). Pregnant women who do not comply with taking iron supplements experience a decrease in Hgb and MCHC. The decrease in Hgb levels is strongly correlated with E2 levels in pregnant women who adhere and do not comply with iron supplementation.

TRAINING EMPOWERMENT OF CADRES BY USING CONTROL CARDS TO PREVENT ANEMIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN DESA RANAH SINGKUANG

Nutrition during pregnancy plays an important role in fetal growth, the nutritional needs of pregnant women increase both in quantity and quality of nutrition. The proportion of anemia in pregnant women increased from 37.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2018. Anemia is linked to other health problems such as low birth weight, stunting, and child malnutrition. One of many ways to overcome the problem of anemia in pregnant women is by giving iron supplement. Pregnant women in Riau Province who received iron supplement decreased from 79% in 2018 to 65% in 2019. Therefore, it is necessary to empower cadres in preventing anemia, namely by using control cards of iron supplement consumption and education in the form of providing nutritional videos for pregnant women. The aim of this Community Service is to provide cadre training so that they will be able to educate pregnant women to increase knowledge, adherence to drinking iron supplement, and skills in processing foods high in iron. The training method used for cadres is lectures with educational media in the form of control cards, presentation handouts, showing videos on nutrition for pregnant women, and questions and answers.The training for cadres successfully improved cadre knowledge and skills, which now could educate and giving assistancy to pregnant woman consuming iron supplements and prepare high Fe foods. After receiving education from cadres, pregnant women's consumption of iron supplement increased significantly from previously not routinely every day due to forgetting or feeling nauseous after consuming iron supplement to becoming routine every day.

The Effectiveness of MONOGAMIA (Monopoly to Prevent Anemia) on Female Adolescent Knowledge about Anemia Prevention and Consumption of Iron Supplement

Introduction: The leading causes of anaemia in female adolescents are iron and nutrient deficiencies, excessive blood loss during menstruation, and incorrect diet due to a lack of knowledge of female adolescents about the prevention of anaemia and the consumption of iron supplement tablets. This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of MONOGAMIA on the knowledge level of female adolescents.Methods: The research design was a quasi-experiment pre-post-test with control group. The sample was 96 female students divided into two groups at Senior High School East Lombok from October 4-14, 2024. The intervention group used MONOGAMIA, and the control group used the CEMARI Flip Chart. The Fe tablet was given for four weeks. Data collection used questionnaires of knowledge and iron supplement consumption compliance cards. Knowledge pre-test and post-test were taken on the same day in both groups, and compliance with iron consumption was taken one week after education. The research data were analysed using Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney, and Chi-Square (α<0.05). Results: Both groups had a significant difference in knowledge of anaemia prevention before and after education (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in knowledge about anaemia prevention after education between two groups (p = 0.000). There was a significant difference in iron supplement consumption between the intervention and control group after education (p = 0.028). Conclusion: MONOGAMIA is more effective in increasing knowledge about anaemia prevention and iron supplement consumption in female adolescents than CEMARI. MONOGAMIA can be used to educate female adolescents on how to prevent anaemia.

Factors Affecting The Incidence of Anemia in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women at Purwoharjo Primary Health Center, Pemalang District

AbstractIntroduction: Anemia in pregnancy occurs due to a lack of nutritional intake to meet the needs of the mother and fetus. According to Riskesdas, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia is 48.9%. Anemia in pregnancy can occur due to various factors. The most common anemia in pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia which is caused by a lack of nutritional intake and foods that contain iron.Methods: This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive observational, the sample was pregnant women in the third trimester, who had Hb levels <11 gr/dl and underwent ANC at Purwoharjo Primary Health Center. This research was conducted in August-October 2023 with a total of 62 respondents, analysis used univariate analysis.Results: The prevalence of anemia in third-trimester pregnant women at the Purwoharjo Primary Health Center is 43%. Various factors influence the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at Purwoharjo Primary Health Center.Conclusion: The prevalence of third-trimester pregnancy anemia at the Purwoharjo Primary Health Center is 43%, and the most influencing factors are nutritional status (61.3%) and non-compliance with iron supplement consumption (53.2%). Health officials have also made various efforts to reduce the incidence of anemia

The Effect of Chronic Energy Deficiency, Anemia, and Compliance with Iron Supplement Consumption in Pregnant Women on Low Birth Weight

This study aims to determine the effect of chronic energy deficiency, anemia, and compliance with the consumption of iron supplement tablets by pregnant women with low birth weight. This research design was a case-control retrospective approach with a sample size of 33 people. The independent variables in this study were chronic energy deficiency, anemia, and compliance with iron supplement consumption during pregnancy; the dependent variable was Low Birth Weight (LBW). Data collection using observation and interviews, statistical tests using the chi-square test. The results of the research were that there was an effect of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) (p=0.000) OR=94.5, anemia (p=0.019) OR=9.64, compliance with iron supplement consumption on LBW (p=0.009) OR=12.00. An OR value > 1 proves that pregnant women with CED anemia and compliance with iron supplement consumption have a greater risk of giving birth to LBW children than mothers without CED are anemic and adhere to iron supplement consumption. The incidence of CED, anemia, and compliance with iron supplement consumption in pregnant women influence LBW. Prevention efforts need to be carried out through education and assistance from families in meeting the nutritional needs of pregnant women, as well as compliance in consuming iron supplements as recommended

The Effectiveness of Educational Media on Knowledge, Dietary Patterns and Compliance with Iron Supplement Consumption in Anemic Adolescent Girls

The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of educational media on knowledge, eating patterns, and compliance with the Iron supplement consumption in anemic teenagers at Senior High School, SMKN 15 Samarinda. The type of research used was quasi-experimental, and the research design used a pre-test and post-test with a control group research design. The population was all 621 female students, and 72 people were screened; then, the sample was obtained from about 30 respondents by hemoglobins quick check. The sample was determined as 15 people for the flipchart media group with leaflets and 15 people for the leaflet media group. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of the research were that anemic teenagers consisted of teenagers aged 12-16 years with a percentage of 73.3%. Educational media influenced knowledge (p 0.008) and compliance with iron supplement consumption (p 0.028) of anemic adolescents. There was no effect of educational media on the diet of anemic adolescents as sources of animal protein (p 0.217), vitamin C (p 0.217), and Fe inhibitors (p 0.217). This study concludes that education using flipcharts and leaflets has an effect on increasing knowledge and consumption of iron supplement tablets

Consumption of Iron Supplements, based on the Structures of the Health Belief Model, in Children Aged 6 to 24 Months in the Southeast of Iran

Objective: Iron deficiency is one of the common problems during infancy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of iron supplement consumption and the factors affecting it based on the constructs of the health belief model. Methodology: In this descriptive study, 402 mothers of children aged 6-12 months were selected using multi-stage random sampling. The status of mothers' performance regarding the provision of iron supplements and the status of health belief model constructs were evaluated using a questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression tests. Results: the present study showed that despite the state of proper awareness, the score of Consumption of iron supplements behavior was not favorable. So that 62.7% had reported a low performance. Pearson correlation test showed that only the perceived susceptibility score did not show significant relationship with the behavior (p = 0.174) The regression results showed that the variables included in the regression model, explained a total of 24.1% of the variance of the change in the behavior score (Adjusted R2 = 0.241). Conclusion: Considering the unfavorable situation of iron supplementation behavior in infants, the use of health belief theory constructs can be effective in persuading mothers. Community health nurses can be more successful in improving this index by providing educational intervention based on the structures of this model, especially helping to remove the barriers perceived by mothers.

HIGHER MATERNAL EDUCATION AND NON-WORKING MOTHER AS A STRONG DETERMINANT OF HIGHER MATERNAL LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON IRON SUPPLEMENTATION IN BANTUL DISTRICT, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

In Indonesia, maternal anemia, which affects nearly half of pregnant women, is still a growing nutritional issue. Several negative impacts of maternal anemia have been validated, including its effect on their offspring such as low birthweight and risk of being stunting. Maternal knowledge affects maternal compliance on iron supplementation consumption which significantly correlated with maternal anaemia status. This study aimed to investigate determinants of maternal knowledge on iron supplementation. A total of 121 pregnant women from Pajangan Sub-District in Bantul participated in this cross-sectional study. A bivariate and multivariate analysis conducted to investigate the correlations of each independent variable to the outcome. The crude and adjusted OR showed that higher mothers’ education level (AOR=3.77, CI=1.184 – 11.98), unemployeed mothers (AOR =2.99, CI = 1.02 – 8.77) and non-anaemic mothers (AOR=5.14, CI=1.51 – 17.45) associated significantly with higher iron supplementation knowledge. Maternal pregnancy status (gravidity and age of pregancy) as well as family income were not associated with maternal knowledge. Information regarding iron supplementation enhancer, inhibition and side effects should be promoted more among mothers. Health practitionaires should also provide health promotion at the workspace to reach employeed mothers in improving healthy pregnancy literacy.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia in Adolescent Girls in Donggala District, Central Sulawesi

This study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of anemia in adolescent girls in Donggala District. It employed an observational analytical study design with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted in Senior High Schools (SMA) and Islamic Senior High Schools (Madrasah Aliyah) in Donggala District in May 2023. The sample included 428 respondents. Hemoglobin levels were measured by the laboratory staff of the Central Sulawesi Health Department. Respondents provided data through Kobocollect: https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/uZVqfjnh. Respondent characteristics included age, the occupation of both parents, family income, upper arm circumference, hemoglobin levels, body mass index, menstrual status, consumption of iron supplements, anemia education and knowledge, medical conditions, smoking status, physical activity status, and the frequency of iron-rich food intake (fish, eggs, meat, and milk). Data analysis was performed using percentages and RR (95% CI) with SPSS 22.0. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu with approval number 0016/KEPK-KPK/I/2023, and research permission was granted by the Central Sulawesi Provincial Government, Regional Unity of Community and Political Affairs, with approval number 070/0409/Bid.III-BKBPD/2023. The research results indicated a prevalence of anemia risk among adolescents in Donggala District at 9.8%. Risk factors included upper arm circumference <23.5 cm, a history of kidney disease, limited knowledge of anemia, and infrequent meat consumption. The researchers recommend that adolescents increase their food intake to improve upper arm circumference, manage dietary patterns for those with kidney disease, enhance knowledge about anemia, and increase meat consumption frequency.

Specific educational program for adolescent anemia prevention (Progres MIRA) to adolescent girls in remote areas of Bengkulu, Indonesia

Background: Anemia prevalence worldwide ranges from 30-50%, mostly occurring in developing countries, predominantly affecting adolescent groups. In Indonesia, the prevalence of anemia in females aged ≥15 years is 22.7%. Cases in Indonesia include 45% in Denpasar City and 62% in Bengkulu Province. Generally, adolescent girls are vulnerable to anemia due to significant blood loss during menstruation, posing risks of Low Birth Weight (LBW) and stunting during childbirth.Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of Progres MIRA (Specific Education Program for Anemia Prevention in Adolescents) on compliance with iron supplement consumption and hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls on Enggano Island, North Bengkulu Regency in 2023.Method: This study used a quasi-experimental post-test only method with a control group. The Progres MIRA research intervention involved a specific education program for anemia prevention in a special classroom setting. The independent variable was Progres MIRA, the dependent variables were hemoglobin levels and compliance with consuming iron supplement tablets, and external variables included menstrual duration, menstrual cycle, nutrient intake, and economic status.Results: The research findings showed that 82.9% of adolescent girls had a menstrual duration of >6 days, which influenced the amount of iron supplement tablet consumption among them. The menarche age among adolescent girls in the Progres MIRA group was 28.6% at an age <12 years. Compliance levels in treatment related to the menstrual duration variable obtained a ρ-value= 0.01, menarche age obtained a ρ-value= 0.57, malnutrition deficiency index obtained a ρ-value= 0.04, and MUAC obtained a ρ-value= 0.10. This indicates that Progres MIRA effectively increases compliance with iron supplement tablet consumption among adolescent girls.Conclusion: Progres MIRA is effective in improving compliance with iron supplement tablet consumption among adolescent girls. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) significantly affects compliance with iron supplement tablet consumption among adolescent girls.

The Effect of Alarm Use on the Awareness of Taking Iron Supplements (Haemoglobin Levels) as a Prevention of Haemorrhagic Postpartum

Anemia is one of the indirect causes of Postpartum Hemorrhage (HPP) during childbirth. The development of iron supplement alarm reminders can be used as an alternative intervention to increase awareness and consumption of iron supplements as a preventive measure against HPP. This study aims to analyze the Effect of Alarm Usage on Awareness in Consuming Iron Supplements (Hemoglobin Levels) as a Prevention of HPP in the Working Area of the Tempurejo Community Health Center, Jember Regency. The research employs a one-group pre-post-test design (pre-experiment) with a cross-sectional approach involving 30 respondents through Accidental Sampling. Data collection includes coding, editing, tabulation, and subsequent manual and computer-based analysis using Paired T-Test. Among the 30 respondents, the awareness of taking iron supplements before using the alarm showed non-compliance in 22 respondents (73.3%) and compliance in only 8 respondents (26.7%), with all 30 (100%) pregnant women experiencing anemia, either moderate (73.3%) or mild (26.7%). After the alarm was used, the number of respondents aware and compliant in taking iron supplements increased to 27 respondents (90%), with only 3 respondents (10%) remaining non-compliant. This was also indicated by an increase in normal Hb levels in 18 respondents (60%). The P-value was 0.000 and a = 0.05, meaning r < a, indicating the influence of alarm usage on awareness in consuming iron supplements (hemoglobin levels) as a preventive measure against HPP. This is crucial for pregnant women to regularly consume iron supplements for safe and healthy childbirth. Midwives should consistently remind pregnant women to consume a minimum of 90 supplements during pregnancy and adapt to technological advancements by using gadgets familiar to the community

Characteristics of Anemic Pregnant Women Receiving SMS Intervention on Iron Supplement Consumption

The case of maternal deaths due to anemia is increasing. The high level of anemia is caused by a lack of compliance in taking iron supplements. SMS (Short Message Service) features on mobile phones can be used as reminders for patients to take iron supplements. This research aims to describe the characteristics of anemic pregnant women who receive SMS interventions regarding iron supplement consumption. This study uses a descriptive research design conducted in 7 community health centers in the city of Makassar. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling and a total of 68 pregnant women were included (33 received SMS intervention and 35 did not receive SMS intervention). The research involving 33 anemic pregnant women shows that 48.5% are between 17 and 25 years old, and 51.5% have completed high school. Most are unemployed (81.8%), with sufficient husband support (45.5%). Most of them are in the second trimester (57.6%), with the highest parity being multiparous (45.5%) with only one ANC visit (42.4%), and have moderate anemia (51.5%). This study concludes that the respondents are classified as having moderate anemia, multipara, and having only one ANC visit. Regarding socioeconomic status, most of them have completed high school, unemployed, and receive sufficient support from their husbands.
 Keywords: Anemia, Iron Supplement, SMS Intervention

Pengaruh Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah Terhadap Kejadian Anemia Pada Remaja Putri Di SMK 01 Tanjung Palas

The prevalence of anemia in the teenager group ages 15-24 years by 32% which means 3-4 out of 10 teenagers suffer from anemia, on 2018, riskesdas data showed that 100% youth women in Indonesia there are 76.2% of teenagers daughter who got TTD at school And obtained 80.9 % consumed iron tablets and 19.1% did not consume TDD. So the Indonesian government did intensification the prevention And management of anemia in rheumatism and WUS with prioritized administration of TTD through institutional schools. Type study This is a pre-experimental design with the use design study form a one-group case study research design, population is Rematri SMK 01 Tanjung Palas with sample 43 rematri with technique taking Probability sampling with sampling technique random sampling. The results of this study showed that there was no effect of compliance with iron supplement consumption on the incidence of anemia in adolescents at SMK 01 Tanjung Palas (Asymp. Sig = 0.196 > 0.05). The incidence of anemia in rheumatism Can be lowered with the consumption of TTD each Sunday will but needed obedience in consumption of the iron substance, role from the environment especially teachers and power health very needed in increasing obedience to TDD consumption. Adherence to iron supplements consumption by teenagers can be caused by many factors, factors from themselves and the environment such as teacher support is a trigger for teenagers to consume iron tablets every 1 week.

Practices Regarding Iron Supplements and Iron Rich Foods among Adolescent Girls at Islamic Senior High School

The primary nutritional concern among adolescent girls is iron-deficiency anemia, which requires prompt attention to prevent complications during pregnancy. One of the strategies for prevention involves the consumption of iron supplements (IS) and high-iron foods. This study aims to delineate the menstrual history, eating patterns, and practice associated with consuming IS and high-iron foods. Employing a descriptive approach, the research was conducted at Islamic Senior High School (MAN 2) Kudus. The sample, comprising 184 individuals, was selected through purposive sampling. The research employed a questionnaire and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) as instruments. The findings indicate that only 19.6% of the respondents reported having IS always available at home. The majority (62.0%) had consumed IS at some point. However, only 8.1% consumed IS regularly during menstruation, and 4.3% consumed it regularly when not menstruating. The majority of respondents frequently consumed high-iron foods (1-5 times per week), including chicken/duck (84.8%), eggs (80.4%), fish (76.7%), and meat (60.9%). It is hoped that schools and local healthcare services can enhance educational efforts regarding the benefits of IS consumption for adolescent girls. The practice of consuming IS and high-iron foods from halal sources are a part of maintaining bodily health and constitutes an obligation for every Muslim.

Is Health Education On Anemia Increasing Iron Supplementation Consumption In Adolescent Girls? : A Systematic Review

Background: Approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide suffer from anemia, and about half of all anemia can result from iron deficiency. Adolescence is also considered the golden time for interventions to control anemia. It is also the right time to create a nutritional foundation for the labor of a child in the future. Nutrition education in schools has been shown to be effective in improving young people's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding anemia prevention. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effects of iron supplementation and nutritional education on anemia in adolescent girls and the correlation with iron supplementation consumption so that anemia can be prevented as early as possible since adolescence. Discussion: This study showed that health education on anemia increases adolescents’ knowledge and also weekly Iron–Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) health education can be effective in reducing the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls by increasing the Hb level. Conclusions: These studies conclude that nutritional education increased the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of adolescent girls and also led to an increase in Hemoglobin levels which can prevent anemia. Health education on anemia increase knowledge and practice of iron supplementation among adolescent girl. Increasing knowledge and practice in consuming iron supplementation will also increase the level of hemoglobin.

Influence of Knowledge Level about Anemia and Menstrual Patterns on Adherence to Consumption Iron Supplement in Adolescents at A Public Senior High School in Magelang

Anemia is a health problem in all age groups, from toddlers to old age. Adolescent girls are prone to anemia due to their monthly menstrual cycle, so iron supplementation is needed, one of which is Supplementary Blood Tablets. This study was to find out the influence of the knowledge level about anemia and menstrual patterns on compliance of iron supplement consumption in adolescents at a public senior high school in Magelang. This analytical research was carried out in December 2022 using a survey method with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire in the form of a Google Form which was distributed via the Whatsapp application. The sampling technique was probability sampling in the form of proportionate stratified random sampling with the inclusion criteria for young women, active high school students, menstruating, aged 15-18 years, as well as exclusion criteria for high school students who were not willing to participate as research respondents. A population of 500 students came from grades 10, 11, and 12 and was calculated using the slovin formula (e = 5%) to obtain a sample of 250 students. The research questionnaire was adapted from four different studies with a total of 39 question items that had been tested for instrument validity content using the Aiken index calculation, and all questionnaire items tested valid with results 0.8. The results showed that young women at a public senior high school in Magelang had a "good" level of knowledge about anemia with a percentage of 58.8%, 85.2% experienced normal menarche, 77.2% had normal menstrual cycles, 71.6% experienced dysmenorrhea, and adherence to iron supplement consumption was low. 84.4% of respondents "didn't comply" and 66.4% "forgot to consume" so it is necessary to increase socialization from health and education agencies regarding the importance of consumming iron supplement in adolescents . While the SPSS version 26 analysis was carried out using normality and homogeneity tests, non-parametric statistical tests were used with chi-square test yielded P values of 0.6240.05 and 0.2750.05, meaning that the level of knowledge about anemia and menstrual patterns had no effect on the adherence to iron supplement consumption in adolescents at a public senior high school in MagelangKeywords: knowledge of anemia, menstrual patterns, consumption compliance, iron tablets, young women

The Effectiveness of Web-Based E-WoHealth on Compliance with Consumption of Iron Tablets in Young Women

Utilization of technological media in the field of education and health can increase public knowledge in efforts to prevent anemia, especially in young women. One of the efforts to prevent anemia and increase adherence to taking iron tablets is by using Web-based educational media (E-WoHealth) about iron tablets supplemented with a tablet supplement consumption control card. This research aims to develop Web-based E-WoHealth media and its effect on the level of adherence to the consumption of blood supplement tablets. This study used the Research and development (R&D) method with the Borg & Gall development model and the Pre-experimental Design quantitative method using the One Group Pretest-Postest approach. The sample in this study was 80 girls in grades VII and VIII of SMP Negeri 11 Gorontalo City, determined by purposive sampling technique. Statistical tests used the McNemar test and the Chi-Square test. The results of the McNemar test showed differences in the measurement results before and after being given the Web-based E-WoHealth media with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05 meaning that the Web-based E-WoHealth media was effective in increasing adherence to consumption of iron supplement tablets (TTD) in class VII and class VIII girls and the results of the Chi-Square P-Value test were 0.822 > 0.05 meaning that there was no difference in adherence between class VII and VII girls. This study recommends the application of WEB-based E-WoHealth media equipped with an iron supplement control card to increase adherence and monitor iron supplement consumption.

The Influence of Nutrient Intake and Blood-Boosting Tablet Consumption on Anemia among Female Students of Tebing Tinggi Vocational High School

Adolescent girls have a tenfold higher risk of developing anemia compared to boys. This is due to factors such as monthly menstruation and increased iron requirements during growth. This study aims to analyze the influence of nutrient intake, vitamin C and the consumption of iron supplements, on anemia among female students at SMKN schools in Kota Tebing Tinggi. The study follows an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The findings of the study did not show any significant influence the consumption of iron supplements on the anemia status of female students at SMKN schools in Kota Tebing Tinggi. However, there was a significant impact of vitamin C intake on the anemia status of female students. It is recommended that schools raise awareness among female students about the importance of balanced nutrition in preventing anemia through counseling, campaigns, promoting understanding about the consumption of iron supplements, and providing support to maintain consistency in their consumption.

Intensified Nutrition Interventions in Antenatal Care Services Increased Consumption of Iron and Folic Acid Supplements and Early Breastfeeding Practices in Burkina Faso: Results of a Cluster-Randomized Program Evaluation

BackgroundAlive & Thrive supported the Government of Burkina Faso to strengthen the provision of iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation and interpersonal counseling on maternal nutrition and breastfeeding through antenatal care (ANC) services and community-based contacts in 2 regions. ObjectivesWe assessed the impacts of intensified nutrition interventions during ANC compared with standard ANC services on intervention coverage and maternal nutrition practices. MethodsA cluster-randomized evaluation compared 40 health center catchment areas in intervention areas with 40 in control areas. Repeated cross-sectional surveys in 2019 and 2021 (960 pregnant women and 1920 women with children 0–5 mo of age per survey round) provided data on impact indicators, intervention exposure, and other factors. We derived difference-in-difference (DID) effect estimates, adjusted for geographic clustering, for maternal dietary diversity, IFA consumption, and early breastfeeding practices. ResultsMore women in intervention areas had 4+ ANC visits (DID: 8.3 percentage points [pps]) and started ANC during the first trimester (DID: 10.5 pp), compared with control areas. Improvements were achieved in exposure to nutrition counseling on dietary diversity (DID: 44.4 pp), food quantity (DID: 42.9 pp), adequate weight gain (DID: 35.1 pp), and breastfeeding (DID: 25.9 pp). Women in intervention areas consumed more IFA supplements during pregnancy (DID: 21 tablets). Early initiation of and exclusive breastfeeding also improved (DID: 17.0 and 8.3 pp, respectively). However, dietary diversity (4 out of 10 food groups) and mean probability of adequacy of micronutrient intake (14%) among pregnant women remained low in both areas. ConclusionsStrengthening maternal nutrition interventions delivered through government ANC services was feasible and effective in improving maternal nutrition practices. Continued efforts to strengthen the delivery and use of maternal nutrition services may be required for greater behavior changes, and to address family support, social norms, and other factors to improve women’s diets during pregnancy.

UTILIZATION of MONITORING CARD IRON SUPLEMENT IN THE EAST KELAYAN PRIMARY HEALTH CENTER

Anemia in pregnancy in Indonesia is 48.9% and 84.6% occurs in the age group of 15-24 years. Anemia in the first trimester (<12 weeks) will increase the risk of Small Gestational Age (SGA), namely the occurrence of abortion or premature birth. Another impact of anemia in pregnancy is on the mother (susceptible to infection, bleeding and even maternal death) whereas in babies with LBW, the baby's Hb level is low, inhibiting the baby's brain development. Supplement Iron pregnancy) as an important and effective effort in preventing and treament anemia due to iron deficiency by consuming at least 90 tablets during pregnancy. This community service activity in the working area of the Kelayan Timur Primary Health Center (PHC) in Banjarmasin involving elements from the leadership of the Health Service, PHC, 2 midwives, 2 nutritions and 21 health cadres. The implementation began in the PHC hall with opening activities, socialization, SGD facilitator training by 3 lecturers and 3 Polkessin Midwifery students. Furthermore, health cadres screened pregnant women with the approval of the midwife. SGD is carried out at Integrated PHC and PHC with the active participation of pregnant women and their companions as well as facilitators (team, midwives and health cadres) to understand iron supplementation and how to fill out iron consumption monitoring cards. Checking the initial Hb level and monitoring the filling of the monitoring card and compliance with iron supplement consumption every 30 days by students and health cadres. After 90 days, the final Hb level was evaluated. There was an increase in compliance with iron supplement consumption by 20% (1st month 68.9%; 3rd month 88.9%) and a 10% decrease in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy.