Consumption Of High-protein Diet Research Articles

High-protein diet associated with resistance training reduces cardiac TNF-α levels and up-regulates MMP-2 activity in rats

The consumption of high-protein diets (HPD) is associated with resistance training (RT) due to effects on metabolism. However, little is known about these effects on cardiac tissue. This study aimed to investigate effects of HPD and RT on cardiac biomarkers. 18 rats were divided into normo-protein (NPD), and HPD groups: NPD-Control, NPD-RT, HPD-Control, and HPD-RT. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), nitric oxide (NO), activity of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and vascular factor (VEGF) were analysed. RT was effective in regulating body weight, increasing strength, and reducing food consumption (p < .05). HPD induces higher levels of interleukin 6 (p = .0169), and lowers NO (p < .0001). When associated with RT, the HPD decreases levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha, while enhances NO, and MMP activity (p < .05). The association of RT with HDP decreases inflammatory parameters and indicates an enhancement in the molecular parameters of cardiac tissue.

Effect of high consumption the phyto-protein on quality of wound healingperineal on the postpartum at Primary Health Center Mlati II District Sleman

Postpartum infections are still the leading cause of maternal death after bleeding and hypertension in pregnancy. The main cause of infection during the puerperal period is the presence of injury at perineum.Wound healing with perineal stitch quality assessment in the puerperium was expected to prevent postpartum mother from the danger of infection or physiological complaints that is by adding the intake or consumption of high protein diet in daily life.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of high consumption of phyto-protein on perineal wound healing quality in postpartum mothers at Primary Health Center of Mlati II District Sleman Year 2017. The research design used was experimental research. The population used in this study was postpartum who maternally and experienced injury to the perineum. The result of p-value of REEDA scale shows p-value is 0,050=0,05 and for food record shows p value equal to 0,000&lt;0,05, then the test result is significant. Conclusion and Suggestion: There is effect that happen between high consumption of phyto-protein to quality of perineum healing with p value 0,05 (p value &lt; 0,05). It is hoped that health workers can provide alternative counseling if they can not persuade postpartum women to abandon the culture of abstinence.

P: 20 EID-UL-AZHA (Muslim's Festival of Sacrifice): Increased Frequency of Spontaneous Encephalopathy, Whether This Is Secondary to Consumption of High Protein Diet?

BACKGROUND: Protein restricted diet once was the cornerstone of the management of Hepatic encephalopathy, latter no evidence showed significant benefits. However sub group of cirrhotics are intolerant to dietary proteins, especially animal proteins. We compared precipitants of encephalopathy and effect of animal proteins consumption during the festival of EID-UL-AZHA METHODS: A retrospective comparative cross sectional study was conducted and analyzed hospital data of AIMS (Asian institute of medical sciences, Hyderabad, Pak.). Patients of cirrhosis were enrolled with clinically diagnosed hepatic encephalopathy in two groups. Group A was categories with patients admitted 15 days before EID-Ul-AZHA and Group B includes patients admitted on EID UL AZHA day and up to 15 days afterward. Patients with neurological deficit and suspected CNS infection were excluded. Patient of both groups were assessed to compare precipitant factors for encephalopathy that includes infections, electrolytes imbalance, upper GI bleed, constipation, AKI and drugs. Dietary history regarding normal protein diet and high protein diet (animal proteins &gt; 1.5 g/kg/day) were also collected and compared in both groups. RESULTS: Out of 378 screened patients, 92 were presented with encephalopathy. All patients were Muslims with mean age 54.36 ± 11 yrs. Majority 66.3% were males and 33.7% were females. Precipitating factors were identified in 70.2% and 62.9% in group A and B respectively. Precipitating factor remain unidentified in 29.8% patients in group A and 37.1% in group B. 98.2% patients in group A were taking usual diet, only 1.8% consumed high (animal) protein diet, while in group B 51.4% patients were on usual diet and 48.6% consumed high (animal) protein diet. A comparable rise in frequency of spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy (without an identified precipitating factors) was observed in group B and 76.9% patients out of them were consuming high (animal) protein diet. CONCLUSIONS: A comparable rise in frequency spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy was observed during and/or post event of EID-UL-AZHA, majority had consumed high (animal) proteins. Consumption of meat (animal proteins) could be the possible contributing factor. Generally protein restriction is not recommended in cirrhotics but, still in sub group of cirrhotics who are protein intolerant, protein restriction or substitution of source of protein is inevitable. A further multicenter study is necessary at a larger scale to find out characteristic of patients who are intolerant to animal proteins.

Effect of a proanthocyanidin-rich polyphenol extract from avocado on the production of amino acid-derived bacterial metabolites and the microbiota composition in rats fed a high-protein diet.

The consumption of high-protein diets (HPDs) increases the flux of undigested proteins moving to the colon. These proteins are hydrolyzed by bacterial proteases and peptidases, releasing amino acids, which in turn are metabolized by the intestinal microbiota (IM) for protein synthesis and production of various metabolites that can exert positive or deleterious effects, depending on their concentrations, at the colonic or systemic level. On the other hand, proanthocyanidins are polymers of flavan-3-ols which cannot be absorbed at the intestinal level, accumulating in the colon where they are fermented by the IM producing metabolites that appear beneficial for colonocytes and also at the peripheral level. This study evaluated the effect of an avocado peel polyphenol extract (AvPPE) rich in proanthocyanidins on the production of cecal bacterial metabolites and microbiota composition in rats fed a HPD. Compared with the normal-protein (NP) group, HPD did not markedly affect the body weight gain of the animals, but increased the kidney weight. Additionally, the HPD induced a higher cecal concentration of ammonia (NH4+/NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). The supplementation with AvPPE attenuated the production of H2S and increased the production of indole. On the other hand, the HPD affected the composition of the cecal microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Lactobacillus, while decreasing Prevotella. The AvPPE counteracted the increase induced by the HPD on the genus Lactobacillus, and increased the relative abundance of [Prevotella]. Our results contribute towards explaining the health-promoting effects of proanthocyanidin-rich dietary foodstuffs including fruits and vegetables.

Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Homeostasis Can Be Influenced by Metabolic Acid Load.

Recent epidemiological findings suggest that high levels of dietary acid load can affect insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Consumption of high protein diets results in the over-production of metabolic acids which has been associated with the development of chronic metabolic disturbances. Mild metabolic acidosis has been shown to impair peripheral insulin action and several epidemiological findings suggest that metabolic acid load markers are associated with insulin resistance and impaired glycemic control through an interference intracellular insulin signaling pathways and translocation. In addition, higher incidence of diabetes, insulin resistance, or impaired glucose control have been found in subjects with elevated metabolic acid load markers. Hence, lowering dietary acid load may be relevant for improving glucose homeostasis and prevention of type 2 diabetes development on a long-term basis. However, limitations related to patient acid load estimation, nutritional determinants, and metabolic status considerably flaws available findings, and the lack of solid data on the background physiopathology contributes to the questionability of results. Furthermore, evidence from interventional studies is very limited and the trials carried out report no beneficial results following alkali supplementation. Available literature suggests that poor acid load control may contribute to impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, but it is not sufficiently supportive to fully elucidate the issue and additional well-designed studies are clearly needed.

High Dietary Protein Intake and Protein-Related Acid Load on Bone Health.

Consumption of high-protein diets is increasingly popular due to the benefits of protein on preserving lean mass and controlling appetite and satiety. The paper is to review recent clinical research assessing dietary protein on calcium metabolism and bone health. Epidemiological studies show that long-term, high-protein intake is positively associated with bone mineral density and reduced risk of bone fracture incidence. Short-term interventional studies demonstrate that a high-protein diet does not negatively affect calcium homeostasis. Existing evidence supports that the negative effects of the acid load of protein on urinary calcium excretion are offset by the beneficial skeletal effects of high-protein intake. Future research should focus on the role and the degree of contribution of other dietary and physiological factors, such as intake of fruits and vegetables, in reducing the acid load and further enhancing the anabolic effects of protein on the musculoskeletal system.

El entrenamiento de fuerza reduce la acidosis metabólica y la hipertrofia hepática y renal consecuentes del consumo de una dieta hiperproteica en ratas

Introduction: High protein (HP) diet consumption may adversely affect metabolic acidosis and hepatic and renal health. Despite such potentially adverse effect, there are only few studies analyzing the effects of resistance training on the parameters that could be altered by such diets. Material and methods: A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in 4 experimental groups (n = 8): normoprotein or HP diets, with or without resistance training. Diets were based on a whey protein hydrolyzate, and the experimental period lasted for 90 days. Results and discussion: Consumption of HP diets and resistance training significantly affected food intake, body composition and plasmatic levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Consumption of HP diets led to a considerable increase in liver and kidney weight (P < 0.001), urinary volume and acidity, as well as in the urinary excretion of Ca, with a parallel reduction in the urinary excretion of citrate (P < 0.05). The buffering action of resistance training on such diet-induced alterations was especially evident in the levels of hepatic and plasma triglycerides, plasmatic urea, and in liver and kidney weight (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Resistance training had a protective action against alterations of hepatic and renal health status and some metabolic parameters like hepatic and plasma triglycerides.

Resistance training reduces the metabolic acidosis and hepatic and renal hypertrophy caused by the consumption of a high protein diet in rats

High protein (HP) diet consumption may adversely affect metabolic acidosis and hepatic and renal health. Despite such potentially adverse effect, there are only few studies analyzing the effects of resistance training on the parameters that could be altered by such diets. A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in 4 experimental groups (n = 8): normoprotein or HP diets, with or without resistance training. Diets were based on a whey protein hydrolyzate, and the experimental period lasted for 90 days. Consumption of HP diets and resistance training significantly affected food intake, body composition and plasmatic levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Consumption of HP diets led to a considerable increase in liver and kidney weight (P < 0.001), urinary volume and acidity, as well as in the urinary excretion of Ca, with a parallel reduction in the urinary excretion of citrate (P < 0.05). The buffering action of resistance training on such diet-induced alterations was especially evident in the levels of hepatic and plasma triglycerides, plasmatic urea, and in liver and kidney weight (P < 0.001). Resistance training had a protective action against alterations of hepatic and renal health status and some metabolic parameters like hepatic and plasma triglycerides.

Grazing wheat did not reduce beef cow pregnancy rates

Beef producers can lower feed costs by extending the grazing period and reducing the need for harvested forages. Complementary forage systems extend the native range grazing season; wheat pasture is common in the southern portion of the High Plains. Anecdotal reports have been made concerning lowered fertility in beef cows bred on lush forage such as wheat pasture; however, ruling out other possible causes of low fertility is difficult. In lactating dairy cows, fertility is lower during consumption of high-protein diets that result in high blood urea nitrogen content. Lower uterine pH that in turn affects embryo survival is thought to be the general mechanism responsible for lower fertility. Little information is available on the fertility of beef cows consuming high-protein diets. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare pregnancy rates of springcalving cows consuming either wheat pasture or native range before and during the early breeding season.

Effects of high-whey-protein intake and resistance training on renal, bone and metabolic parameters in rats

Consumption of high-protein (HP) diets is postulated to exert a negative influence on bone and renal health. However, no conclusive evidence has been presented related to this issue or to the potential protective action of resistance training on HP-induced systemic effects. We examined the effects of HP diet consumption on food intake, body-weight gain, body composition, and renal, bone and metabolic parameters of rats performing resistance training. A total of ninety-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in twelve experimental groups (n 8): normal-protein (10%) or HP (45%) diets, with or without resistance training, killed for experimental periods of 1, 2 or 3 months. Diets were based on a commercial whey protein hydrolysate. Consumption of HP diets and resistance training significantly affected food intake, body weight and body composition, as well as the plasma levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and TAG. The buffering action of resistance training on such diet-induced alterations was especially evident in the levels of plasma TAG. Consumption of HP diets led to a considerable increase in kidney weight, urinary volume and acidity, as well as in the urinary excretion of Ca, with a parallel reduction in the urinary excretion of citrate (P < 0·05). No apparent deleterious effect on bone mineral content was found. In conclusion, consumption of HP diets caused alterations in renal health status and some metabolic parameters, but did not seem to affect bone status. Resistance training had a protective action against alterations of renal health status and some metabolic parameters such as plasma TAG.

Direct induction of CCK and GLP-1 release from murine endocrine cells by intact dietary proteins.

Consumption of high-protein diets cause elevated levels of CCK and GLP-1. Although unknown, this might be due to protein breakdown by various proteases that originate from the gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated which dietary proteins, hydrolysates, or synthetic-peptides are most potent to affect secretion of CCK and GLP-1 in STC-1 cells known for satiety hormone release. Addition of intact proteins to STC-1 cells exerted strong effects on secretion of satiety hormones. Casein, whey, and pea showed strongest effects on CCK release, whereas casein, codfish, egg, and wheat showed most pronounced effects on GLP-1 release. Egg-hydrolysate stimulated release of CCK and GLP-1, whereas all other tested hydrolysates and synthetic-peptides showed no significant effects on hormone release. Addition of a combination of trypsin and casein-hydrolysate, codfish, egg, egg-hydrolysate, sodium-casein, wheat-hydrolysate, or wheat resulted in additional stimulation of CCK release, compared to only the protein. Addition of a combination of DPP-IV and egg-hydrolysate, ovomucoid, or sodium-casein decreased GLP-1 levels. This study showed that specific intact, or partially digested proteins, in contrast to protein-hydrolysates and synthetic-peptides, stimulated hormone release. We conclude that intact proteins exert strong effects on satiety hormone release, and may therefore provide potent dietary supplements for prevention or treatment of obesity.

Qualitative and quantitative changes in fecal microbiota of cats fed high‐ or moderate‐protein diets

The objective of this study was to identify changes in the fecal microbiota of cats fed high- or moderate-protein diets. Eight healthy female adult domestic shorthair cats (1 yr old) were acclimated to a control diet (38% protein) for 4 wk. After acclimation, fresh fecal samples were collected and stored at −80°C. Cats were then randomly allotted to a moderate-protein (MP; 34% protein; n=4) or high-protein (HP; 53% protein; n=4) diet and fed for 8 wk. Fresh fecal samples were again collected and stored at −80°C. Following DNA extraction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed to identify qualitative and quantitative changes in microbiota, respectively. Dice’s similarity index was calculated as a measure of microbial diversity. qPCR data were analyzed using the mixed repeated measures method of SAS. Compared to baseline, cats fed HP had a similarity index of 40.6% compared to 66.7% for those fed MP. These data exhibit marked changes in intestinal microbiota, especially in cats fed HP. Bifidobacterium were drastically decreased (P < 0.05; 10.53 vs. 5.59 cfu/g), while C. perfringens were increased (P < 0.05; 8.96 vs. 12.36 cfu/g) in cats fed HP. Thus, consumption of high protein diets results in vast changes in the intestinal microbiota. Further research is required to determine what implications these changes have on intestinal health.

EFFECTS OF INCREASED DIETARY PROTEIN INTAKE ON FLUID BALANCE INDICES IN ENDURANCE RUNNERS

Limited data exists regarding the relationship between dietary protein intake and fluid balance. Current trends towards increased consumption of dietary protein in athletes necessitate an evaluation of the effects of high protein intake on hydration status. Hydration status was evaluated in six endurance runners (mean ± SEM, 20 ± 0.6y, 70 ± 1.2kg, 9 ± 0.5% body fat, 180 ± 5cm, VO2peak 71 ± 1.9ml/kg/min) who participated in a crossover design experiment following random assignment to either a high (3.6 g/kg, HP) or moderate (1.8 g/kg, MP) protein diet. The diets were isocaloric, and the macronutrient composition for carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 55%, 15%, 30%, and 40%, 30%, 30% for MP and HP, respectively. Fluid balance indices included body mass, daily fluid intake, perceived thirst, urine color, urine specific gravity, and plasma osmolality. With the exception of plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and osmolality, all measurements were made biweekly throughout the 4-week dietary interventions. Plasma BUN was determined at 3 weeks and plasma osmolality was determined at three weeks and following a 75 min run at submaximal intensity (70% VO2peak). Body mass remained unchanged throughout the study and no differences were noted in daily fluid intake or thirst between the two dietary interventions. However, urine specific gravity was significantly higher for HP vs. MP (1.021 ± 0.004 vs. 1.019 ± 0.004, p < 0.05) and plasma BUN was greater for HP vs. MP (7.5 ± 0.6 vs. 4.4 ± 0.4 mmol/L, p < 0.05). In addition, plasma osmolality was also significantly higher, both pre- and post- exercise with HP vs. MP (Pre-287 ± 4 vs. 281 ± 4, p < 0.05, and Post-295 ± 13 to 287 ± 3, p < 0.050). These data suggest that protein intake did not influence fluid balance. However, the exceptional elevation in plasma BUN (normal range, 2.5–6.4 mmol/L) coupled with higher plasma osmolality and urine specific gravity indicates a greater renal solute load with HP due to excretion of nitrogenous byproducts. Therefore, prolonged consumption of high protein diets by endurance athletes may necessitate increased water intake and continuous monitoring of hydration status. Supported by National Cattlemen's Beef Association

Protein-induced hypercalciuria: a longer term study

Urine calcium excretion is known to be directly correlated with the level of dietary protein intake. In this experiment we examined the persistence of the hypercalciuria induced by the consumption of high protein diets, and the mechanism of the calciuric response. In a 95-day metabolic study, each of six adult male subjects received formula diets supplying 12 g nitrogen or 36 g nitrogen, and approximately 1400 mg calcium per day. Urine calcium increased rapidly and significantly from an average of 191 mg/day on the 12 g nitrogen diet to 277 mg/day on the 36 g nitrogen diet. There was no significant difference in the apparent absorption of calcium, so that overall calcium balance was −37 mg/day on the 12 g nitrogen diet, and significantly lower at − 137 mg/day in subjects consuming the high protein diet. Levels of urinary hydroxyproline, serum insulin, and parathyroid hormone were not significantly increased by high intakes of protein. A decrease in the fractional reabsorption of calcium by the kidney seems to be the most likely cause of the protein-induced hypercalciuria. The consumption of high calcium diets is unlikely to prevent the negative calcium balance and probable bone loss induced by the consumption of high protein diets.

Influence of Diet on Glucose Tolerance, on the Rate of Glucose Utilization and on Gluconeogenic Enzyme Activities in the Dog

Four diets containing 0 to 62% of energy from carbohydrate and 24% to 48% of energy from protein were fed to young dogs. Two of the diets (diets LPLC and HPLC) were carbohydrate-free and two of the diets (diets HPHC and HPLC) contained 46% to 48% protein. The influence of these diets on several parameters of glucose metabolism was ascertained. Following an intravenous glucose load, plasma glucose levels were higher in dogs fed carbohydrate-free diets (diets LPLC and HPLC) than observed in dogs fed carbohydrate-containing diets (diet LPHC and HPHC). Consumption of high-protein diets (diets HPHC and HPLC) also impaired glucose tolerance. Estimates of glucose utilization were obtained. Dogs fed carbohydrate-containing diets exhibited a higher rate of glucose utilization than did dogs fed the carbohydrate-free diets. Fasting the dogs for 48 hours reduced the glucose replacement rate in dogs fed the carbohydrate-containing diets but did not influence the rate of glucose utilization in dogs fed the carbohydrate-free diets. The activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and of pyruvate carboxylase (PYCAR) in livers and kidneys of these dogs were influenced by the diets fed. Mitochondrial PEPCK and PYCAR activities in both liver and kidney were increased in dogs fed the carbohydrate-free diets. Consumption of the high-protein diets actually decreased the activities of PEPCK in liver and kidney mitochondria.