Consumption Of Forest Products Research Articles

Studying the sales market for products of the timber industry complex of the region under external sanctions pressure

Subject. The article addresses conditions and factors of the domestic sales market development of the timber industry in the region. Objectives. The aim is to assess the capacity of the domestic market for timber industry products in the target segment of wooden housing construction. Methods. The study employs statistical data on results of the forestry complex development of the Khabarovsk Krai, interviews with specialists from the Ministry of Forestry and Timber Processing, the Ministry of Construction of the Khabarovsk Krai, heads of forestry enterprises. Results. We revealed trends in the structure of production and exports of enterprises operating in the Khabarovsk Krai timber industry, the dynamics of production and consumption of forest products in the domestic market of the region. As a result of unfavorable conditions in the main (foreign) sales market, the activities of the timber industry complex enterprises became unprofitable. Implementation of government programs and flagship projects opens up opportunities to develop domestic demand. The capacity of the region’s wooden housing construction market is calculated based on three scenarios. Conclusions. Sustainable development of the timber industry complex of the region is possible, if government programs and flagship projects are implemented, aimed at the growth of the domestic market of wooden house construction.

Forest market outlook in the Southern United States

The forest products market in the U.S. South is poised to undergo significant changes in the coming decades as a result of an evolution of social, economic, and environmental factors. To better understand these changes, this paper utilizes a forest sector partial equilibrium model to examine the market and trade impacts of the U.S. forest sector under various Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and alternative projections of climate from 2020 to 2070. Our results indicate that U.S. production and consumption of forest products will grow in most scenarios. The U.S. South is projected to remain the leading timber-producing region of the nation. Our results also highlight the complex dynamics within the forest sector in response to trade restrictions and changing market demands. One of six scenarios reported shows how higher trade barriers significantly affect southern U.S. hardwood markets, causing a reduction in net exports to outside the region and slowing hardwood price growth. On the other hand, such barriers simultaneously create more favorable conditions for domestic softwood producers, especially in the U.S. South, to supply the U.S. construction sector. A scenario focused on mass timber demonstrates that rising demand for softwood lumber used in mass timber products could lead to considerably higher production and prices, compared to a benchmark scenario.

Sustainable use of forests

Sustainable use of forests

Public administration reform in the forestry sector

The purpose of the research was to determine and substantiate the content of public administration in the forestry sector of Ukraine on the basis of sustainable development with a balance of social, economic and environmental interests of the state in the study area. To achieve this goal, general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition were used, in particular, dialectical, logical-formal, analysis and synthesis, structural-systemic, legal-comparative, legal-formal and prognostic. Everything allows to conclude that, it is expedient to develop and adopt the Forestry Strategy of Ukraine, with a separate section on the definition of tools for improving fire safety in forests, based on the principles of the European Union Forestry Strategy, in particular: sustainable and multifunctional forest management, balanced use of various forest resources and services, ensuring the protection of forests; resource efficiency, optimizing the contribution of forests and forestry sector to rural development, economic growth and job creation; global responsibility for forests, promotion of sustainable (responsible) production and consumption of forest products.

Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of rural households in the community forestry landscape in the Middle Hills of Nepal

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has severely affected all sectors of the economy, and the impacts are expected to last-long. One major impact is that migrants return to their original households in rural communities due to loss of jobs. Since rural communities are highly dependent on forest and agriculture for livelihoods, an influx of return migrants likely increases the consumption of forest products and intensifies the agriculture practices, increasing the pressure on forest resources. Based on in-person interview of 215 in 2018 before the pandemic and a phone interview of the same 215 rural households in 2021 at the peak of the pandemic in Kavrepalanchowk district in Nepal, this study addresses the following research questions: (1) Does COVID-19 exert differential impacts among the socio-economic groups? (2) How do return migrants affect the rural land use? (3) Do return migrants put additional pressure on forests resources? The rare before-and-after dataset provide a precious opportunity to assess the COVID-19 impacts on the livelihoods of rural households in the community forestry landscape in the Middle Hills of Nepal. We found that the impacts of COVID-19 were severe on the households with larger family size, those belonging to the marginalized caste groups, having lower number of livestock, low wellbeing index, those who rely on daily wage-based occupation, with low level of education, and the households with return migrants. A significant number of migrants were found to return to their village of origin. As a result, there was a decrease in abandoned land and an increase in the livestock number and forest product use. These findings provide timely insights for the post-pandemic recovery efforts in better targeting needy household with limited resource in the community forestry landscape in the Middle Hills of Nepal.

Modeling Optimal Forest Rotation Age for Carbon Sequestration in the Great Khingan Mountains of Northeast China

The growing concern about climate change has led to the rise of carbon cycle research. Forest cutting planning affects the carbon cycle due to the carbon sequestration function of forests. In this work, we propose a planning model for determining the regeneration cutting age of forests to optimize carbon sequestration and improving the associated economic and ecological benefits. We first built a model based on the carbon sequestration consumption of forest products and forest carbon sequestration to predict the change in forest carbon sequestration over time. The accuracy of the model was verified with forest data from the Great Khingan mountains. Furthermore, we added in economic and ecological factors to build an improved model, which was also applied to the Great Khingan forest. The improved regeneration cutting ages were calculated as 65, 134, 123, 111 and 73 years for white birch, larch, Scots pine, oak, and poplar trees for natural forests, whereas the ages were 34, 65, 64, 77 and 37 years for planted forests, respectively. It can be predicted that the total carbon sequestration in the Great Khingan forests will accumulate to 974.80 million tons after 100 years. The results of this study can provide useful guidance for local governments to develop a sustainable timeline for forest harvesting to optimize carbon sequestration and improve the associated economic and ecological benefits.

Assessing the Welfare Impacts of Forest Ecosystem Service Management Policies and Their Distributional Rules

Community based management (CBM) is widely advocated as an effective method for governing and managing ecosystem services (ES). However, the distributional rules and maximum harvesting levels are likely to affect both the effectiveness of CBMs in maintaining ES and the fairness and equity of access to these ES. This article proposes a methodological approach for investigating normative trade-offs involved in CBM of forests, where forest conservation objectives need to be traded off against livelihoods objectives. The study uses remote sensing methods to quantify forest ES supply in Namizimu Forest Reserve in Malawi, and links this to demand for ES within the villages near the reserve. It then investigates how a plausible set of CBM rules can be developed to cap consumption of forest products to sustainable amount and quantifies, by using monetary valuation techniques, how these set of rules may affect the total well-being of local population. Our results demonstrate that, due to the spatial mismatches between demand and supply, the distribution of provisioning ES to the population across the harvesting area is unequal in biophysical terms. The current available stock of forest products is sufficient to cover the current demand, however, it is higher than the mean annual increment indicating that this level of consumption is ecologically unsustainable and will lead to forest degradation as shown under the business-as-usual scenario. We then examined the impact of governance and how CBM rules to allocate forest ES to different social groups (poor and rich) under a co-management regime will affect total societal welfare. We found that the distributional scenario that maximises total societal welfare expressed in monetary terms across the whole harvesting area is the scenario that distributes 40% of biomass to the rich group while the remaining 60% is allocated to the poor group. However, this scenario maximises Willingness to Pay (WTP) at total level but does not maximise WTP in each sub-area of forest but just for those that have a high availability for biomass. This indicates that the distributional rules that maximise total welfare at aggregate level may not maximise welfare at local level where constraints from biomass availability require to restrict further the distribution of forest products. When biomass availability is low, total societal welfare is maximised with distributional rules that distribute more trees to richer. Yet, a policymaker may choose a distributional rule that distribute more trees to the poor on normative grounds and forego the objective of maximising total welfare. In such cases the WTP analysis outlined in this paper can support the policymaker in choosing the distributional rule that minimise trade-offs between efficiency, i.e., maximising total welfare, and livelihoods objectives.

Socioeconomic profiles of timber consumers in the buffer zones of Bu Gia Map National Park, Vietnam

SummaryPeople who live on the edges of protected areas may harvest timber to make their living from this natural forest product. Therefore, understanding timber consumption at the household level is critical for developing effective conservation policies. Previous studies have highlighted relationships between the consumption of forest products and socioeconomic status, but they have failed to examine timber consumption under cultural contexts. In this study, we interviewed 121 villagers to examine the socioeconomic profiles of timber consumers with regards to their indigenous culture in the buffer zones of Vietnam’s Bu Gia Map National Park. We found that indigenous identity, landownership, number of crops grown by villagers and proximity to markets are statistically significant for explaining the consumption of timber from natural forests. Given the high likelihood that most of this timber was collected illegally, we make several recommendations for forest managers on how to interact with villagers to improve park protection.

Monetary Valuation of Selected Forest Products in Andoni

Forest products are materials gotten from forest, for the direct consumption or commercial use such as timber and non-timber forest products. The destruction of forest in Andoni due to the exploration and consumption of forest products are done without determining the values of these products that could have been lost. This study attempts to determine the value of identified forest products information gathered through the use of questionnaire focus group discussion, field survey and other related materials. The simple percentage analysis shows that forest products have a lot of value to the people; hence community dwellers involved in it. Conclusively, forest product were identified and categorized into wildlife species (wild animal) and plant species which usefulness were been influenced by socio-external factor, economical factor and livelihood security factor. The economic value of forest product in a study area is N532,351,300.00 while the expected value is N865,648,300.00. Therefore, the government at all levels should provide indiscriminate exploitation of premature forest product policy on forest management that are appropriate. These should be made to effectively reflect and enhance forest protection and improvement of livelihood of the people.

Socioeconomic and indigeneity determinants of the consumption of non-timber forest products in Vietnam’s Bu Gia Map National Park

ABSTRACTConservation of protected areas requires understanding of the consumption of forest products by rural people who live near protected forests. Socioeconomic factors such as a better education, income, land holding size, have been used to understand the patterns of consumption of non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Ethnicity, and especially whether or not people are indigenous to the forested areas, may also change consumption patterns. In this study we analysed the socioeconomic factors, indigeneity and geographical locations of people living in the buffer zones of Vietnam’s Bu Gia Map National Park to better understand the key determinants of the consumption of NTFPs. We conducted 121 interviews with local households and found that indigeneity, education, family size, and the area of land used were statistically significant in explaining the amount of NTFPs consumed, while indigeneity and area of land used by local people had positive relationships with the diversity (measured in number of categories) of NTFPs consumed by local people. Interestingly, there were statistically significant effects of interactions between the area of land used and indigeneity on the consumption of NTFPs. The amount of these products is important for indigenous people who belong to the groups using small and medium areas of land. The medium land use group consumed significantly fewer categories of NTFPs than the small and large land use groups. This data may help local managers to develop interventions that support biodiversity conservation, promote sustainability of these important resources and improve the social welfare of marginal groups.

Measuring forest and wild product contributions to household welfare: Testing a scalable household survey instrument in Indonesia

Systematic comparisons of human dependence on forests and environmental resources have been challenging, as a result of heterogeneous methodologies. Specialized Forestry Modules have been developed, with the goal of filling current information gaps concerning the economic importance of forest and wild products in household welfare and rural livelihoods. Results from a pilot assessment of the Forestry Modules in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, are presented, showing that the Forestry Modules perform well in extracting the expected information: mean per capita forest and wild product income shifts according to the geographical “forest gradient”. Significantly, in the forest-rich upstream village, mean forest and wild product income and mean forest-related wage and business incomes exceeds current mean agricultural income statistics for West Kalimantan and mean non-agricultural rural household incomes in the lowest bracket. Consumption of forest products and importance as a coping strategy was higher in the most upstream village, where sale of forest products in times of shock was more marked in the most downstream village (where forest coping strategies were also least important). The Forestry Modules' detailed and systematic approach can help ensure that contributions of forest and wild products are not underestimated in national figures.

Non-Timber Forest Products Consumption Behaviors According to Dietary Lifestyle

This study examined differences in consumers’ images of short-term income forest products, preference, willingness to pay prices and purchase behavior according to dietary lifestyle as well as investigated what factors influence the degree of satisfaction when purchasing short-term income forest products and willingness to repurchase. According to dietary lifestyle, the results classified consumers as ‘frugal housewife type,’ ‘convenience-seeking type,’ and ‘food high-involvement type.’ A ‘food high-involvement group’ is defined as a group that wants high quality products regardless of price. In the ‘frugal housewife type,’ country of origin and hygiene/safety (considered when purchasing food) had positive influences on the degree of satisfaction. In the ‘convenience-seeking type,’ country of origin (considered when purchasing food) had a positive influence on the degree of satisfaction while country of origin (checked when purchasing food) had a negative influence on degree of satisfaction. Consumers had a lack of perception for short-term income forest products; subsequently, short-term income forest products had a weakness of low access to consumers. Therefore, farms for short-term income forest products need to divide products into ‘high-priced’ luxury products and ‘low-priced’ frugal products according to dietary lifestyle characteristics, improve packaging status to enable consumers to check quality certificates, and clearly indicate country of origin as well as improve distribution processes and increase consumer access to products.

Forest Products Consumption and Trade Deficit in Greece during the Financial Crisis: A Quantitative Statistical Analysis

During the economic crisis in Greece, the national forest sector wounded by a serious decline in demand. The national forest sector faced an important decline in forest products consumption. The paper examines the quantitative changes in the above consumption regarding several wood products categories. The results indicated that a very important decline in consumption per capita took place after 2008. Moreover, an unwanted positive relationship between GDP and the forest products trade deficit is confirmed. During the crisis, the continuant reduction of GDP brings reduction on deficit in trade of forest products while an important increase of exports occurs. However, the results also show that policy makers must act immediately in order to stop the total collapse of the sector.

Impacts of Economic Growth on Forest Products Consumption in Korea

Impacts of Economic Growth on Forest Products Consumption in Korea

Identification of structural breaks in the forest product markets: how sensitive are to changes in the Nordic region?

Forests play a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle and can be managed to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and conserve or sequester carbon. Global policy and environmental changes can affect regional consumption of forest products, as well as inter-regional trade of forest goods and services. This study analyzes global and regional change impacts on the production, consumption and trade of forest products in two Nordic countries, Finland and Sweden. Annual data on removal and trade (1964–2012) for roundwood and sawnwood is used to identify structural breaks based on Chow tests. According to the analysis, the time period is divided into two periods: t1 (1964–1980) and t2 (1981–2012). In the first period, breaks occurred in 1975 and 1976 in the Finnish model and no break is found in the Swedish model. In the second period, we identify breaks in 1991 and 1992 for the Finnish model and in 2004, 2005 and 2006 for the Swedish model. Although our findings have broad empirical support, we do not identify any specific incident as a direct cause of the changes in the consumption and trade patterns of the two types of wood in these countries. The models and analysis presented here can serve as methodological tools for policymakers to better understand the effects of structural changes in the production of forest goods and services in the Nordic region and globally.

РАЗРАБОТКА МОДЕЛЕЙ ТРАНСПОРТНО-РАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАДАЧ ДЛЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ КАТЕГОРИЙ ЛЕСНЫХ РАЙОНОВ

In article the system of transport tasks (distributive, systems of drawing up balance of production and consumption of forest products), and also problems of optimization of planning of placement and concentration of production of forest products is considered. Various options of statement of tasks depending on power both the procuring, and processing productions are considered. As criteria of op-timization expensive indicators which need to be minimized are applied.

Balancing Wildlife and Human Needs: The Protected Forest Approach in Nepal

This paper introduces the Forest as a new conservation approach in Nepal. Historically there were two dominant forest management approaches in Nepal: protected areas and community-based forestry. These site-based management approaches were able to contribute to protect- ing endangered wildlife species, enhancing greenery, and improving livelihoods of forest-dependent communities. However, these approaches were not suitable when applied to increasing populations of wide-ranging mobile species because, outside of protected areas, conservation activities are in their infancy. To enhance the mobility of wildlife and conserve biodiversity, the Government of Nepal de- clared particular forest patches as Protected Forests to link the existing protected areas creating their network to manage the flora and fauna, while acknowledging the reliance of local communities on the forest resources. In order to create and maintain a balance between conservation and human needs for forest resources, a zoning-based Protected Forests management plan was devised, assigning specific forest patches for specific purposes. Since local community forest user groups were enjoying full benefits from their community forests, in the initial phase of the implementation of protected forest management, local communities may have to compromise on their consumption of forest products as some sections of the area are assigned for absolute protection. In the short run, they are compensated by support provided for income-generating activities; and, in the long run, they can enjoy more benefits through ecotourism. Hence, the protected forest approach creates a win-win situation for both wildlife and local communities.

Gender Control in Forest Product Value-Chain in Rivers and Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Forest Products (FPs) are numerous and exhaustive processing of some species adds to the number of utilization. Apart from timber, non-timber forest products have the potential to increase under innovative modifications and introduces small-scale enterprises (SSE) from the point of collection, through the value-chain channel and finally to the end-users (consumers). This study was carried out to examine the impact of gender in selected FPs with a view to creating a paradigm shift in gender control (GC) and value-chain adjustment in forest conservation, harvesting, processing, marketing and consumption of FPs in Bayelsa and Rivers State, Nigeria. The result reveals that the more the married females and investors in a particular state the less the GC activities in FPs. Respondents between ages 20 and 59 and high level of education resulted to less GC commitment than younger or older ones with low level of education. More so, results revealed that frequent involvement of females in fruit and vegetable FPs are likely to discourage GC activities. The control of gender also shows that medicinal plant and crafts would offer positive and innovative mechanism to sustainability of livelihood and forest management. In Rivers, females dominate in handling of fruit and vegetable FPs while in Bayelsa, there was no gender restriction. In some FPs, children are a set of gender due to adult sentiments to distribution. In addition household, musical and fishing crafts were products from choice of FPs. Gender control in value-chain activities encourages SSE and innovation. Forest extension education would enhance efficiency.

La consommation de bois est-elle durable sur le long terme?

Is consumption of forest products sustainable over the long term? The article presents trends and an outlook for the forest sector, for Europe and Switzerland, from 1913 to 2030. The first half of the twentieth century saw over-use of European forests, but in the second half, the situation changed: consumption of forest products increased, while forests expanded, growing stock rose and Europe became a net exporter of timber. Official scenarios foresee a continuation of these trends in the twenty-first century. Yet, to this end, the forest sector must stay competitive. For example, mobilising enough energy wood, on a sustainable basis, is a major challenge for the sector. The forest sector has demonstrated in the past its flexibility and adaptability, and so could be well placed to lead the way towards the green economy.

Contribution of forests to the livelihood of the Chakma community in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh

Natural forests offer numerous benefits to indigenous communities and society at large. Incomes from forest sources play an important role in rural households. In addition to this, environmental sources in the forests contribute significantly to rural households’ livelihoods and economic well-being. This paper examines the contributions of forests to the livelihoods of the Chakma tribe in Bangladesh. Using the data from 60 randomly sampled households from three villages, it measured forest-resource use with a monetary yardstick. As revealed through analyses, natural forest-sourced income occupies the second-largest share in total average household income next to shifting cultivation income in the study area. Forest products represent an important component in the local livelihoods, with a direct forest income of 11,256 tk year−1 household−1 (tk = taka, the national currency of Bangladesh; US$1 = tk70), or 11% of the total income, in addition to the households receiving monetary benefits of 18,951 tk year−1 household−1, or 21% of the total income, through the consumption of forest products. The remaining income came from shifting cultivation practice. It was also observed that larger families with more people gathering forest products realized more forest income. This study will be relevant to forest and environmental policy-makers as well as indigenous community development practitioners.