Consumption Of Fish Species Research Articles

Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with the consumption of fishes contaminated with heavy metals from Manzala Lake, Egypt

Manzala Lake was sampled to assess the concentrations and possible ecological risks of heavy metals. The mean heavy metal levels in the muscles of Nile tilapia, Flathead grey mullets and African catfish were 0.01, 0.15 and 0.29 mg/kg, respectively, for mercury; 3.16, 4.25 and 4.74 mg/kg for arsenic; 1.01, 0.87 and 0.95 mg/kg for lead; and 0.05, 0.12 and 0.06 mg/kg for cadmium. The levels of heavy metals exceeded their maximum permissible limits in most samples. The EDIs of some metals were higher than their PTDIs or BMDLs. The THQs and TTHQs from metal intake were >1 for Hg and Cd. In addition, the TCR values of As in all fish species were higher than 1.0 × 10−4 indicating a potential health risks from consumption of fish species which need strict hygienic procedures to prevent fish contamination with heavy metals and ensure that their levels did not exceed the maximum permissible limits.

Patterns of fish consumption by hunter-fisher-gatherer people from the Atlantic coast of Tierra del Fuego during the Holocene: Human-environmental interactions

This paper aims to assess changes in the patterns of marine fish consumption by hunter-fisher-gatherer populations in the context of environmental change. To accomplish this objective, we used two methodological approaches: first, stable isotope analysis in ancient and modern shells of limpets and mussels to explore changes in the isotopic baseline and also in fish skeletal remains recovered from different archaeological sites dated to the Middle and Late Holocene of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina); second, a zooarchaeological quantitative analysis of the fish remains from different archaeological sites in the same area and period. Results confirmed that marine primary productivity in the Atlantic coast of Tierra del Fuego decreased throughout the second half of the Holocene, while the contribution of phytoplankton to the carbon pool fueling the coastal food web decreased simultaneously. The quantitative zooarchaeological analysis and the stable isotope analyses in fish remains suggest that in the Atlantic coast there was a variation in the consumption of fish species from offshore to near shore fish species throughout time, mostly because of the declining occurrence of Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi). This could result from changes in the distribution of the latter and the probability of mass stranding.

Health Risk Assessment and Comparative Studies on Some Fish Species Cultured in Traditional and Biofloc Fish Farms.

The present study aimed at (a) determining the concentration of macro-minerals and toxic metals in fish species collected from biofloc and traditional fish farms; (b) assessing the contribution of macro-minerals to our daily diet; and (c) evaluating the health risks of children and adults based on the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) deterministic model. Significantly higher concentrations of macro-minerals and significantly lower levels of toxic metals (at < 0.05 level) were found in most of the biofloc fish species compared to the market fish samples. The values of the target hazard quotient (THQ) were less than 1.0 for all individual trace metals in all species, which indicated that there were no noncarcinogenic health risks. Furthermore, the value of the hazard index (HI) in three samples of Tilapia from the market exceeded the recommended value of 1.0, while all samples from the biofloc fish tank were within the maximum tolerable limit, which suggested that the daily consumption of Tilapia fishes from the market may result in considerable harmful effects. Target cancer risk (TCR) for Pb in all of the studied samples was within the range of 10-6 and 10-4, hence the adults and children would not experience any kinds of carcinogenic effects. The result obtained from this comparative study revealed that the consumption of fish species from both local market and biofloc fish farms was almost safe, but the value of TCR in Pb was higher in traditional fish samples than that of biofloc tanks, hence fish samples from biofloc farms were more suitable for consumption.

Total mercury and methylmercury in river dolphins (Cetacea: Iniidae: Inia spp.) in the Madeira River Basin, Western Amazon.

In the Amazon, mercury (Hg) contamination comes from ASGM operations along with soil remobilization processes associated with deforestation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) and total mercury (THg) in 88 samples of skin and blubber tissue obtained from live captured river dolphins (Inia boliviensis, Inia geoffrensis, and Inia spp.) in the Madeira River Basin. THg and MeHg measurements were performed by CV-AAS and GC-AFS, respectively. We also calculated the daily intake rate (DIR) of THg (wet weight) by Inia spp. THg levels in blubber tissue of adult river dolphins (Inia spp.) ranged from 0.015 to 3.804 mg kg-1, while MeHg concentrations in blubber tissue varied from 0.04 to 2.65 mg kg-1 and in skin tissue from 0.09 to 0.66 mg kg-1. There were no significant differences in MeHg concentration in blubber (p = 0.616) and skin (p = 0.498) tissue samples between adult males and females in the different sampling locations. The adult animals showed differences in THg and MeHg concentrations significantly higher than in the calves. The estimate of the DIR of the genus Inia ranged from 1.17 to 12.35 μg kg-1 day-1 (bw), from the consumption of fish species with herbivorous to piscivorous habits, respectively. More biological and ecological data, such as the precise determination of age, mediated length, weight, and diet of river dolphins, are necessary to verify the Hg biomagnification. However, our data indicate that bioaccumulation is an active process in the dolphins of the Madeira River Basin.

Levels of toxic metals in edible fish species of the Tigris River (Turkey); Threat to public health

Tigris River has international importance as it runs through the borders of three countries. The levels and probable public health risks of heavy metals (Mn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Pb, Cr, As) in 72 muscle and gill samples out of six fish species in Tigris River, Turkey were determined then compared with results of prior studies. Furthermore, human health risk levels from fish consumption were assessed using multiple approaches. The mean maximum heavy metal levels in the muscles were as follow; 175.88 > 22.34 > 10.29 > 2.81 > 2.76 > 1.68 > 0.33 > 0.25 > 0.05 = 0.05 mg kg−1 for Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cd = Co, respectively. The highest muscle tissue levels for 8 heavy metals out of 10 measured were found in C. macrostomus species. The mean max. levels of Cu and Pb, the remaining two heavy metals, were measured in muscle tissue of L. abu species. The mean maximum concentrations of heavy metals of Cr, Cu, and Zn in all fish samples were below the maximum permissible limits (MPLs). The carcinogenic risk (CR) values for Pb, Cr, Ni and As were calculated and evaluated respectively in all of the Tigris River’s fish species. While CR values calculated for Pb in all species did not pose a risk, it was found above the threshold value of 10−4 for some fish species for Cr, Ni and As. Target hazard quotients (THQs) from metal intake by consuming fish species were below 1 for all heavy metals which indicated no hazard from consumption. In addition, since the hazard index (HI) is lower than “1″, it has been concluded that the consumption of fish species will not pose a potential health risk. Considering by CR values exclusively, the results disclosed that the intake of the analyzed fish species might cause a toxicological hazard and impend to community health.

Mercury in Juvenile Solea senegalensis: Linking Bioaccumulation, Seafood Safety, and Neuro-Oxidative Responses under Climate Change-Related Stressors

Mercury (Hg) is globally recognized as a persistent chemical contaminant that accumulates in marine biota, thus constituting an ecological hazard, as well as a health risk to seafood consumers. Climate change-related stressors may influence the bioaccumulation, detoxification, and toxicity of chemical contaminants, such as Hg. Yet, the potential interactions between environmental stressors and contaminants, as well as their impacts on marine organisms and seafood safety, are still unclear. Hence, the aim of this work was to assess the bioaccumulation of Hg and neuro-oxidative responses on the commercial flat fish species Solea senegalensis (muscle, liver, and brain) co-exposed to dietary Hg in its most toxic form (i.e., MeHg), seawater warming (ΔT°C = +4 °C), and acidification (pCO2 = +1000 µatm, equivalent to ΔpH = −0.4 units). In general, fish liver exhibited the highest Hg concentration, followed by brain and muscle. Warming enhanced Hg bioaccumulation, whereas acidification decreased this element’s levels. Neuro-oxidative responses to stressors were affected by both climate change-related stressors and Hg dietary exposure. Hazard quotient (HQ) estimations evidenced that human exposure to Hg through the consumption of fish species may be aggravated in tomorrow’s ocean, thus raising concerns from the seafood safety perspective.

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Edible Fish Species from the Barekese Reservoir in Kumasi, Ghana

Heavy metal pollution and its resultant accumulation to toxic levels in the Barekese reservoir may threaten human health through the consumption of fish from the Reservoir. The presence and concentrations of arsenic and some other heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cd) were determined in muscle tissues of widely distributed and highly consumed fish species from the Barekese reservoir using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. A total of 45 fish samples comprising three species (Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia zilli and Heterotis niloticus) were analyzed for their metal levels. Heavy metals concentrations (mg/kg, w.w) showed varying trends of detection among muscle tissues of selected fish species. However, Hg, Ni, Cr and Cd were detected in muscle tissues of all fish species examined in the study. Indices for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were estimated for child and adult upon their consumption of fish from the Reservoir. Results of the study indicate a significant level of exposure to Hg, Ni, Cr and Cd through the consumption of fish species from the Reservoir. Health risk assessment also revealed that children are at a relatively higher non-carcinogenic risk through the consumption of metals in Heterotis niloticus (HQ = 2.95 × 10-1). Also, the consumption of all examined fish species from the Reservoir pose no significant cancer risk effects to humans. The present study, therefore, concludes that anthropogenic activities along the Offin River and within the Barekese reservoir’s catchments could lead to deteriorating the quality of fish from the Reservoir hence regular monitoring of such activities is needed.

Dietary Counseling on Risks and Benefits of Fish Consumption and Mercury Testing in Reproductive Age Women in a Health Clinic Setting

TPS 631: Metals and health 1, Johan Friso Foyer, Floor 1, August 27, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Consumption of fish low in mercury should be encouraged in reproductive age women because benefits of fish consumption for the fetus, including improved eye and brain development, outweigh risks if fish that are low in mercury are eaten. The Fish are Important for Superior Health Project was designed to intervene with reproductive age women to reduce mercury exposure in an area where elevated exposure in infants has been found. At a clinic visit, 499 women answered detailed questions on fish consumed in the past year and donated blood for mercury and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) measurements. A nurse delivered information on risk and benefits of eating fish and tailored advice on fish consumption based on the information reported by the participant in the survey. Laboratory results were reported to participants through letters from the clinics. After six months, all 15 women with blood mercury levels above the level equivalent to the EPA RfD (5.8 µg/L), and 30 with blood mercury below 5.8 µg/L completed a follow-up visit identical to their initial clinic visit. Longitudinal models tested changes in measures of mercury, DHA and fish intake and adjusted for season of assessment, usual fish portion size and omega-3 fatty acid supplement use. At the 6 month follow up, we found a decline in blood mercury and in consumption of fish species with moderate Hg contamination (>0.22 ppm) that was significantly greater in participants with elevated mercury levels at the initial visit. No change in consumption of low mercury fish or plasma DHA levels was observed in either participant group. This investigation demonstrated the feasibility of administrating a tailored mercury reduction intervention to reproductive age women in a health clinic setting to reduce intake of fish with moderate levels of mercury while maintaining beneficial intake of fish with low levels of mercury.

Organochlorine pesticide residues in fish (&lt;i&gt;Alestes baremoze&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Synodontis bastiani&lt;/i&gt;) from Warri River, Nigeria: Levels and human exposure assessment

Organochlorine pesticides are among the group of agrochemicals with the potential for bioaccumulation in fish posing great threat to human health through fish consumption. In view of this, organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs) were analysed in the muscle tissue of two freshwater fish species; Alestes baremoze and Synodontis bastiani from selected stations along Warri River, Nigeria, with the aim of assessing the human health risk associated with consumption. The fish were collected from landing sites located at Ovwian and Okwagbe communities along the Warri River. These communities are agrarian catchment areas with intensive pesticide use. Pesticides were analysed using Gas Chromatography (GC) equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD), while human risk assessment was carried out using human intake models. Results for pesticide analysis revealed that the concentrations of mean pesticide residues ranged from 0 to 0.0017 mg/kg in A. baremoze and 0 to 0.0014 mg/kg in S. bastiani . γ-HCH was the most commonly detected compound in A. baremoze and it accounted for 47.1% of the total pesticide residues in the fish, while α-HCH was the most dominant pesticide in S. bastiani accounting for 28.4% of the total pesticide residues in the fish samples. S. bastiani was the more contaminated of the two fish species; however, concentrations were not significantly higher (p>0.05). Results of the human health risk assessment from consumption of contaminated fish ( A. baremoze and S. bastiani ) raise the concern of possible carcinogenic health risk from exposure to pesticides through consumption of fish species. Keywords : Alestes baremoze , Fish, Human exposure implications, Organochlorine pesticides, Synodontis bastiani

Food Risk of some heavy metals for adults and children via consumption of fish species: Euryglossa orientalis, Argyrops spinifer and Sillago sihama

This study aimed to investigate the concentration of some heavy metals in three fish species with high consumption in Shif Island, Bushehr Province, and calculation of the estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) and hazarded index (HI). Three species viz. Euryglossaorientalis, Argyrops spinifer, and Sillago sihama were collected from the Bushehr coastal water using fishing boat. After the transfer of samples to the laboratory, the heavy metals were extracted and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Based on the results, the average concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Ni in E. orientalis were 10.02, 8.33, 1.18, 0.80, and 0.86 mg/kg, in A. spinifer 7.25, 5.75, 0.74, 0.43, and 0.37 mg/kg, and in S. sihama 6.20 , 8.27, 0.60, 0.47, and 1.28 mg/kg, respectively. Daily and weekly intake values in all three studied species in the group of children were higher than the adult group. The highest and lowest daily and weekly intake rates were observed for Fe in the E. orientalis and Cu in A. spinifer . The Target hazard quotient (THQ) and Hazard index (HI) for both adults and children showed less than 1. Also, the comparison of metal concentrations showed that the concentration of Mn in all three species and Ni in E. orientalis and S. sihama were higher than the WHO standard.

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Edible Fish Species from the Barekese Reservoir in Kumasi, Ghana

Heavy metals pollution and it resultant accumulation to toxic levels in the Barekese Reservoir may threaten human health through the consumption of fish from the Reservoir. The presence and concentrations of arsenic and some other heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cd) were determined in muscle tissues of widely distributed and highly consumed fish species from the Barekese reservoir using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. A total of 45 fish samples comprising three species (Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia zilli and Heterotis niloticus) were analyzed for their metals levels. Heavy metals concentrations (mg/kg, w.w) recorded showed varying trends of detection among muscle tissues of selected fish species. However, Hg, Ni, Cr and Cd were detected in muscle tissues of all fish species examined in the study. Indices for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were estimated for children and adult upon their consumption of fish from the Reservoir. Results of the study indicated a significant levels of exposure to Hg, Ni, Cr and Cd through the consumption of fish species from the Reservoir. Health risk assessment also revealed that children are at a relatively higher non-carcinogenic risk through the consumption of metals in Heterotis niloticus whiles the consumption of Cr from all examined fish species from the Reservoir could pose cancer risk health effects to humans with adults being at a higher risk. The present study therefore concludes that anthropogenic activities along the Offin River and within the Reservoir’s catchments are deteriorating the quality of fish from the Reservoir and could pose a significant adverse health risk to consumers.

Formulation and Shelf-life of Fish Burgers Served to Preschool Children.

Consumer is very careful about healthiness; in this context nutritionists often highlight the importance of fish for human nutrition because of their protein and fatty acid composition. In order to stimulate utilisation and consumption of fish species by unusual target groups such as children, the aim of this research was to formulate and to evaluate shelf-life and nutritional values of fish preparations stored in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). Fish species used for trail were Trachurus trachurus and Oncorhynchus mykiss fished and farmed in Basilicata region respectively. Fish burgers were made with different ingredients of plant and animal origin and packed in air (control) and in MAP and stored at refrigeration atemperature. Sensory, physical-chemical analysis as pH, aw, total volatile nitrogen (TVN), trimetilammine (TMA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), free fatty acids (FFA) and microbiological analysis like aerobic plate count, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., sulphite-reducing clostridia, Staphylococci, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were performed at intervals of 0°, 1°, 2°, 5°, 8°, 15°, 22°, day from production. Results showed that fish burgers stored in MAP had a longer shelf-life; protein degradation indexes and spoilage bacterial species showed lower values in the samples packaged in MAP compared with the control. The formulation of the fish burger meets the approval of the target consumers. The mixing of natural ingredients has made possible both the enhancement of the organoleptic characteristics with an excellent balance of nutritional values. The diversification of fish preparations, besides enhancing the fish production of marginal areas would add value to a product with potential and remarkable profit margins.

Concentration and Human Health Implications of Trace Metals in Fish of Economic Importance in Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria.

Background.The most significant sources of food-borne diseases are microbiological and chemical hazards. The health risk due to consumption of food from aquatic ecosystems contaminated with hazardous chemicals including metals has increased globally, especially in developing countries like Nigeria.Objectives.The concentration and human health implications of trace metals in fish of economic importance in Lagos lagoon were investigated by determining the degree of contamination with heavy metals of selected fish from Lagos lagoon and assessing the possible health risks associated with fish consumption.Methods.Fish of economic importance including Caranx hippos, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Elops lacerta, Galeoides decadactylus, Ilisha africana, Liza falcipinnis, Lutjanus goreensis, Mugil cephalus, Pseudotolithus senegalensis, Sarotherodon spp, Sphyraena spp, and Tilapia spp were bought from fishermen fishing in Lagos lagoon. The fish tissue samples were digested and analyzed in five replicates for heavy metals (lead, cadmium, iron, manganese and zinc) using a Varian AA600 atomic absorption spectrometer.Results.There were considerable variations in the concentrations of heavy metals among different species. The twelve fish species collected from Lagos lagoon were found to contain various concentrations of heavy metals and the levels of accumulation of these heavy metals varied across different species. Lead, cadmium, and manganese were present in all the studied fish species at higher concentrations than the maximum allowable concentrations in fish recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO). The target hazard quotient (THQ) estimated for individual heavy metals through consumption of different fish species was less than 1 for all individual heavy metal in all the fish species.Conclusions.Controls on the dumping of wastes in the lagoon are needed, along with regular monitoring. Currently, no potential non-carcinogenic health risks from ingestion of a single heavy metal through consumption of these fish species was found.

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and parasitic fauna in Synodontis clarias (Linnaeus, 1758) and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacepede, 1803) from Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria

ObjectiveTo study the bioaccumulation of heavy metals from Synodontis clarias (S. clarias) and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (C. nigrodigitatus) with their parasitic fauna. MethodsA total of 50 specimens of each fish species (n = 100) were examined. The fishes were subjected to parasitological investigation while 3 g of intestinal tissue of S. clarias and C. nigrodigitatus samples were digested with nitric acid (10 mL). The tissues were then heated until brown fumes disappeared. The samples were allowed to cool and distilled water was added to make up to 50 mL in a standard flask. The filtrate was examined using the atomic absorption spectrometer. The fish hosts were weighed and measured with the aid of digital weighing balance and measuring board, respectively. ResultsThe Chi-square distribution was significant at 0.01 level (χ2 = 2.16, P < 0.01). A nematode of the family Camallanidae (Procamallanus spp.) was found in S. clarias and a trematode (Siphodera ghanensis) was found in C. nigrodigitatus. The total lengths of C. nigrodigitatus in females and males were (15.05 ± 3.27) cm and (20.35 ± 4.20) cm (P < 0.01), respectively. Also the total lengths of S. clarias in females and males were (21.07 ± 2.80) cm and (20.76 ± 2.37) cm (P < 0.01), respectively. The mean value for the condition factor of both S. clarias and C. nigrodigitatus were more than 2.0. The concentrations of the trace elements in the fishes were Pb > Zn > Mn > Fe > Cd (not detected) and Mn > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cd (not detected), respectively, while in the nematode, Procamallanus spp. and trematode, Siphodera spp. were Pb > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cd and Mn > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd, respectively. In the water and sediment, the distribution of heavy metals were Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cd and Fe > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cd, respectively. ConclusionsThe findings of the concentrations of the trace elements in the aquatic habitat as well as the sediment were below the permissible limit of Federal Ministry of Environment. These findings confirmed that the aquatic habitat was adequate for fishing activity and that the consumption of fish species therein are safe. However, it should be noted that there was bioaccumulation of trace elements in the fish tissues which should not pose any danger to man. Therefore, a regular monitoring of the levels of trace elements in the water body as well as in the fauna should be regularly undertaken.

GCMS Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in Fish from River Cauvery and Veeranam Lake

Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed using Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometer (Selective Ion Monitoring mode) in the muscle tissues of five fish species such as O. mossambicus, L. parsia, E. suretensis, C. striata and S. wynaadensis from seven locations of River Cauvery and one location in Veeranam Lake. OCPs viz., DDTs, HCHs, CHLs, cyclodienes, heptachlor, HCB and mirex were detected with varying concentrations among species and locations. Mirex which was not reported in the fish tissues elsewhere reported in this study. The study on the risk associated with the consumption of fish species that had higher concentrations of aldrin, dieldrin and mirex showed significant carcinogenic risk to the human beings.

Simulated impact of a change in fish consumption on intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of a change in fish consumption on the intake of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by Japanese women. A probabilistic assessment model for EPA&DHA intake was first proposed to describe the relationship between fish consumption and EPA&DHA intake, and was compared with the survey data. Various scenarios were designed for women representing potential responses to an advisory on fish consumption recently issued in order to avoid risks associated with intake of methyl mercury (MeHg). Elimination of women's consumption of fish species with high and medium levels of MeHg resulted in a reduction of EPA&DHA intake from 0.85 g/d to 0.82 g/d. The percentage of women with an EPA and DHA intake over 0.25 g/d also decreased from 99.5% to 99.0%. The model results suggested that the changes in fish consumption related to MeHg advisories have a minor influence on the intake of EPA&DHA and on the percentage of women with EPA&DHA intake exceeding the guideline for Japanese women. Nevertheless this simulation could aid the selection of fish species in order to ensure adequate intake of EPA&DHA while minimizing exposure to MeHg.