Economic Resource Consumption Research Articles

Evaluating Agricultural Sustainability and Green GDP in China: An Emergy Analysis

Agricultural sustainability is the foundation and a guarantee of sustainable human reproduction. The scientific assessment of China's agricultural sustainability is a prerequisite for properly resolving the conflict between short-term economic interests and long-term ecological security. This paper uses the emergy analysis method to estimate agricultural sustainability in China and further calculates the agricultural environmental cost and green GDP. The results show that China's agricultural emergy yield rate (EYR) is generally greater than 1. This means that more emergy is obtained in relation to renewable and non-renewable inputs from human activity, which also indicates that China's agricultural agroecosystem is characteristic of a profound transition from a self-supporting tradition to a modern industry based on external economic resource consumption. In contrast, China's agricultural growth is mainly driven by the input of a large amount of non-renewable resources, which makes the environmental loading rate (ELR) increase year by year, resulting in the deterioration of China's agricultural emergy sustainability index (ESI). China's agricultural green GDP accounts for about 94.4% of traditional GDP, which means that the average agricultural environmental cost is about 5.6%, mainly from land loss, accounting for 48.23% of the environmental cost.

MM-414 The Use of Non-Cryopreserved and Cryopreserved Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Autotransplantation in Multiple Myeloma

Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) autologous transplantation is the standard care for transplant-eligible patients with multiple myeloma (MM). This treatment option is somewhat limited due to the high consumption of economic resources and the access to Cryobank. Compare the results of autologous transplantation using non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Single center retrospective study conducted in 2018-2022. 78 patients with MM were included in the study. All patients got the standard immunochemotherapy programs and had remission. Patients were divided into two groups: non-CRYO (n=35) and CRYO (n=43). Cryopreservation is a standard method of storage of HSC. Native HSC are saved from +4 °C to +6 °C for 72 hours. The number of CD34+ and 7AAD- cells, colony-forming ability were made after apheresis and before transplantation. The results of autologous transplantation with use non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved HSC. There were no differences in total number of CD34+ cells x106/kg, or in level of 7AAD- cells, or in total colony. There was a significant difference in the percentage of loss of CD34+ cells from the moment of apheresis to the moment of reinfusion. We suppose it was caused by adverse effects of temperature changes in CRYO group. Neutrophil recovery was achieved at 11th day (range 9-14) and platelets at 12th day (range 8-19) in non-CRYO group, 10th day (range 8-14) and 12th day (range 8-20) in CRYO group, respectively. The partial response before autoHSCT was achieved in 37%, very good partial response-40%, complete response - 23% in the non-CRYO group and 72%, 14%, 14% in the CRYO group, respectively. Partial response after autoHSCT was achieved in 23% patients, very good partial response in 40%, complete response in 37% in the non-CRYO group compared to the CRYO group (47%, 21%, 32%, respectively). The frequency of MRD-negative response before autoHSCT was 37.5%, after transplantation - 54.5% in the non-CRYO group and 16% and 33% in the CRYO group. The method of storage of PBSCs without cryopreservation is equal to traditional method controlled freezing and can be used in hospitals which have no Cryobank.

The oretical foundations for managing the use of secondary resources in the context of ensuring economic security

The article clarifies the concept of waste as undesirable residues of substances for which there are no actual and potential uses at the current stage of economic and technological development, and which are planned to be neutralized and disposed of. The principles of managing the use of secondary resources at the present stage are singled out: promoting the increase in the true investment rates of the national economy and increasing the economic efficiency of the enterprise. In order to form a theoretical base in the field of management of the use of secondary resources, the fundamental principles have been determined, which can form the basis for the development of a policy for the management of the use of secondary resources in the Republic of Belarus. Improving the management of the use of secondary resources contributes to the emergence of opportunities for the introduction of new technologies, the development of the intersectoral cooperative potential of the Belarusian economy, which will reduce the consumption of economic resources.

The Impact of Fixed Triple Therapy with Beclometasone/Formoterol/Glycopyrronium on Health Status and Adherence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in an Italian Context of Real Life: The TRITRIAL Study Protocol.

BackgroundThe fixed triple combination Beclometasone dipropionate/Formoterol fumarate/Glycopyrronium (BDP/FF/G, Trimbow®), an extrafine formulation in a unique pressurized metered dose inhaler, is indicated for the maintenance treatment in adult patients with moderate to severe COPD, not adequately treated by ICS/LABA or LABA/LAMA. Besides the evidence from three randomized controlled trials, the impact of fixed triple therapy has not been extensively evaluated in a real-world population of COPD patients. TRITRIAL (TRIple Therapy in Real life: Impact on Adherence and HeaLth status) is a non-interventional study to assess the effect of BDP/FF/G in a real world setting in Italy.DesignTRITRIAL is a 12-month, multicenter, cohort, prospective, longitudinal observational study. Two follow-up visits will be performed at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The study includes the collection of anamnestic clinical and functional data before the start of BDP/FF/G. The study is built for digital conduction, from signature of the informed consent on a dedicated web platform, to the collection of questionnaires and clinical data on the eCRF.PopulationA total of 800 patients with COPD ranging from Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages 2 to 4, receiving therapy with BDP/FF/G according to the Summary of Product Characteristics and local clinical practice, will be recruited. All concomitant therapies will be permitted for the duration of the study.EvaluationsThe primary endpoint is the change of CAT score at 12 months versus baseline. Secondary endpoints are adherence, health-related quality of life, sleep quality, disease-related outcomes (lung function and COPD exacerbations), device usability, economic resources consumption, and safety.ConclusionTRITRIAL study is expected to give relevant information about effectiveness of BDP/FF/G fixed triple therapy in a real-life setting of patients with COPD, where adherence, usability of inhalers and patient’s preference of the device are crucial factors for the success of the therapy.

СТІЙКИЙ РЕСУРСОЗБЕРІГАЮЧИЙ ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ПІДПРИЄМСТВ: СУТНІСТЬ, ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ТА ПОКАЗНИКИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ

Ensuring stable long-term growth of financial and economic results of the economic activity of enterprises in a competitive environment requires the elaboration and implementation of the program of their economic development. It is important that the development was not only absolute but also relative, i.e. accompanied by an increase in the level of the economic efficiency of enterprises. In particular, in conditions of limited volumes and high prices for certain types of economic resources, increasing the level of competitiveness of enterprises can be achieved by reducing the unit cost of these resources. Such a reduction will be achieved based on the implementation of the resource-saving model of the economic development of enterprises. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish the essence, highlight the properties and develop indicators for assessing the sustainable resource-saving economic development of enterprises. The author's approach to defining the essence of this type of economic development is presented. It is shown that the sustainable resource-saving economic development can occur at different levels, in particular, at the level of an individual enterprise, industry and the entire economy. At the same time, various generalizing indicators can be used to assess this type of economic development, one of which may be the value-added indicator. It is established that the results of the assessment of sustainable resource-saving economic development of enterprises largely depend on what period is taken as the baseline. A number of properties of the studied type of the economic development of economic entities are singled out. In particular, its most important characteristics include the level of sustainable resource-saving economic development, its uniformity, balance, frequency, and so on. Particular attention is paid to the potential for economic growth and the potential for reducing the consumption of economic resources. Indicators for assessing the properties of sustainable resource-saving economic development of enterprises are proposed. The practical application of the proposed indicators for assessing the properties of sustainable resource-saving economic development will make it possible to provide a detailed description and identify reserves for intensification in the future.

The Comparison of Results of Autologous Transplantation Using Non-Cryopreserved and Cryopreserved Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)

Background: Bone marrow (peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs)) autologous transplantation is the standard care for transplant-eligible patients with multiple myeloma. This treatment option is somewhat limited due to the high consumption of economic resources and the access to Cryobank. We performed a retrospective analysis of multiple myeloma patients who underwent autologous transplantation using non-cryopreserved and сryopreserved grafts at our institution from March 2016 to April 2020. Aim: Compare the results of autologous transplantation using non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Methods: 78 patients with MM were included in the study (male/female ratio 1.3:1). All patients got the standard immunochemotherapy programs. They had remission (≥partial response) till the auto-HSCT. Patients were divided in two groups depending on the technique of HSC storage: non-CRYO (n=35) and CRYO (n=43). Cryopreservation is a standard method of storage of HSC suspension. In our work we used the native HSC suspension which was saved from +4 °C to +6 °C during 72 - 120 hours. An effectivity and safety were evaluated in such parameters as the number of CD34+ and 7AAD- cells, colony-forming ability (CFA). All of these were made after apheresis and before reinfusion of HSC. Also, we compared the duration of hematopoiesis's recovery, the number of platelet transfusions, the length of hospitalization after auto-HSCT. Additionally, the effectiveness of therapy was assessed according to the IMWG response criteria and the level of residual tumor load before SCT and on day +100. Results : There were no differences in the total number of CD34 + cells x 106/kg, or in the level of 7AAD- cells, or in the total CFA. However, there was a significant difference in the percentage of loss of CD34+ cells from the moment of apheresis to the moment of reinfusion. We suppose it was caused adverse effects by temperature changes in CRYO group. In both groups, there were no severe infusion reactions on day 0. The adverse events (nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, increased total bilirubin and indicator liver enzymes) were absent in the non-CRYO group. But 29/43 (67.4%) patients had such symptoms in the CRYO group on day 0. The results are presented in the comparison table (image 1) of the evaluated parameters. All patients had full recovery of hematopoiesis till discharge from the hospital. Neutrophil recovery was achieved at 11th day (range 9-14) and platelets at 12th day (range 8-19) in the non-CRYO group, and 10th day (range 8-14) and 12th day (range 8 -20) in the CRYO group, respectively. The frequency of achieving a partial response before autoHSCT was 37% (13/35), a very good partial response - 40% (14/35), a complete response - 23% (8/35) in the non-CRYO group and 72% (31/43), 14% (6/43) and 14% (6/43) in the CRIO group, respectively. HSCT was improved the efficiency of treatment as well as the frequency of complete and MRD-negative responses in both groups. Partial response after autoHSCT was achieved in 23% (8/35) patients, very good partial response in 40% (14/35), complete response in 37% (13/35) in the non-CRYO group compared to the CRYO group (47% (20/43), 21% (9/43) and 32% (14/43), respectively). The MRD status was assessed before and after autoHSCT in 48 patients. The frequency of MRD-negative response before autoHSCT was 8.7% (2/23), after transplantation - 21.7% (5/23) in the non-CRYO group and 4% (1/25) and 12% (3/25) in the CRYO group, respectively. AutoHSCT was increased the "depth" of the response in 25 patients. However, there were no significant differences between the same-type categories in the non-CRYO and CRYO groups (p>.05). AutoHSCT led to decrease of tumor load (TL). The average TL value was 0.55% before HSCT and 0.018% after HSCT (p=.036) in the non-CRYO group and 2.05 and 0.37 (p=.003) in the CRYO group, respectively. The mean TL after HSCT in the non-CRYO (0.018%) was smaller than mean TL in the CRYO (0.37%) groups (p <.05). Conclusion: The method of storage of PBSCs without cryopreserved is equal to traditional method controlled freezing with Dimethyl sulfoxide and can be used in hospitals which have no a Cryobank in their composition. Table Disclosures Shuvaev: Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.

Rates to Measures the Social Inequity Attributable To Smoking

Introduction: Smoking has two main explicative variables given by the consumption of tobacco and cigarettes and the smokers’ number. The relation between both and the researched risk factor determine the social behavior of it. The social inequity attributable to smoking is given by the particular way to impact over the researched population. Objective: To design an inequity rate for each identified form of social inequity attributable to smoking. Was made an analytic research about the smoking social inequity. Materials and Methods: Were used like theorical methods the comparative and the inductive deductive and like empiric method the bibliographic research. Results: The social inequity attributable to smoking is given by the social cost because of smoking. These costs are determined by the smoking effect over the economic resources consumption´s financing the health services and the smoking effect over the society and the economy in general by the labor productivity lose. Conclusion: Smoking like risk factor has several forms to impact over the population researched. Each identified form of social inequity has one particular form of social inequity and one form of socioeconomic inequity too.

Indicators for measuring social inequality associated with smoking.

Smoking has two main explanatory variables provided by consumption of tobacco andcigarettes and number of smokers. The relationship between the two and the risk factorstudied determines their social behavior. The social inequality attributable to smokingis given by the particular way of affecting the population under investigation Target.Define an inequality rate for each identified form of social inequality attributableto smoking. A was made Analytical research on the social inequality of smoking.Comparative and deductive inductive methods were used as theoretical methods andliterary research as an empirical method. The social inequality attributable to smokingis given by the social cost of smoking. These costs are determined by the effect ofsmoking on the consumption of economic resources that finance health services andby the effect of smoking on Society and the economy in general due to the loss of laborproductivity. Smoking as a risk factor has different forms of impact on the populationunder investigation. Each identified form of social inequality has a particular form ofsocial inequality and also a form of socioeconomic inequality.Key words: explanatory variables–consumption–Social Inequality–Socioeconomic

"Green Oncology": the Italian medical oncologists' challenge to reduce the ecological impact of their clinical activity.

For decades Western medicine has followed a biomedical model based on linear thinking and an individualized, disease-oriented doctor-patient relationship. Today this framework must be replaced by a biopsychosocial model based on complexity theory and a person-oriented medical team-patient relationship, taking into account the psychological and social determinants of health and disease. However, the new model is already proving no longer adequate or appropriate, and current events are urging us to develop an ecological model in which the medical team takes into account both individual illness and population health as a whole, since we are all part of the biosphere. In recent years, the rising costs of cancer treatment have raised a serious issue of economic sustainability. As the population of our planet, we now need to rapidly address this issue, and everyone of us must try to reduce their ecological footprint, measured as CO2 production. Medical oncologists need to reduce the ecological footprint of their professional activity by lowering the consumption of economic resources and avoiding environmental damage as much as possible. This new paradigm is endorsed by the Italian College of Hospital Medical Oncology Directors (CIPOMO). A working group of this organization has drafted the "Green Oncology Position Paper": a proposal of Italian medical oncology (in accordance with international guidelines) that oncologists, while aiming for the same end results, make a commitment toward the more appropriate management of health care and the careful use of resources in order to protect the environment and the ecosphere during the daily exercise of their professional activities.

Clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation: from learning curve to proficiency

ObjectiveThe use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is growing rapidly in countries with a predominantly elderly population, posing a huge challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. The increment of human...

R25 - “Green oncology”: a new paradigm for medical oncology

For many years medicine has followed a biomedical model based on linear thinking and a disease-oriented doctor-patient relationship. Today this framework must be replaced by a biopsychosocial model based on complexity theory and a person-oriented medical team-patient relationship. However, the new model is already proving no longer adequate or appropriate, and current events are urging us to develop an ecological model in which the medical team takes into account both individual illness and population health as a whole, since all of us are part of the biosphere. In recent years, the rising costs of cancer treatment have raised a serious issue of economic sustainability and Medical Oncology is without doubt the medical specialty that today has pressing economic problems, as does the population of our planet. We now need to rapidly address this issue, and everyone of us must try to reduce his ecological footprint, measured as CO2 production. Medical oncologists need to reduce the ecological footprint of their professional activity by lowering the consumption of economic resources and avoiding environmental damage as much as possible. This new paradigm is endorsed by the Italian College of Hospital Medical Oncology Directors (CIPOMO). A working group of this organisation has drafted the “Green Oncology Position Paper”: a proposal (in accordance with International Guidelines) to all Italian oncologists, aiming for the same end results; for a more appropriate management of health care and the careful use of resources in order to protect the environment and the ecosystem during the daily exercise of their professional activities, the 11 items can be found at www.cipomo.it. The economic crisis must oblige us to make urgent choices regarding appropriateness and spending. We need a new paradigm, where Medical Humanities play the same role as high technology medicine and where it is accepted that the medical oncologist is the expert of neoplastic disease and the patient is “the expert” of his own “life”. We must be aware that “A new approach to medicine is possible”: in this approach the central point is the patient, but even more important is the medical-patient relationship, avoiding any risk of over diagnosis and over treatment. In our opinion the key word of future Medical Oncology will be” Resilience”. In summary Green Oncology is the new paradigm that can give us not only economic but also environmental sustainability.

Aspetti del principio di costituzionalità in ambito sanitario regionale e direttive AIFA

Italian Constitution stipulates citizens’ social rights and underlines the need of equity and efficiency in the provision of health care services. In recent years a trend towards federalism is emerging, leading to the risk of differences in patients’ treatment among Italian Regions. AIFA’s role (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco) is to regulate and coordinate drugs prescription in order to avoid not only inequality in patients’ care, but also inadequate consumption of economic resources. The article examines the so called LEA (Livelli Essenziali di Assistenza), that are basic health parameters established to assure equity also at a regional level.

Social Pharmacology: Conceptual Remarks

Traditionally, knowledge about drug mechanism of action and clinical use was derived largely from studies conducted by clinical pharmacologists and therapeutic specialists. More recently, a broader concept of drug use, social pharmacology, has attracted growing interest and recognition. Building on the foundation provided by clinical research, this discipline encompasses the multiple dimensions associated with “real world” use of drugs during the postmarketing period. Physicians, pharmacists, nurses, biologists, epidemiologists, and economists, together with lawyers and regulators, insurance specialists, and communications specialists all contribute to this broader assessment of drug use. Thus, social pharmacology brings together a broad collection of disciplines pertaining to evaluating the efficacy, safety, effectiveness, compliance, self-medication, and consumption of economic resources associated with the use of pharmaceutical products. Application of evidence-based treatment guidelines; measures of d...