Consumption Of Biscuits Research Articles

Effect of consumption of cookies made with Andean crops on biochemical indicators in recently weaned Wistar rats

Andean crops such as quinoa, cañihua and tarwi have high nutritional value; however, their consumption has lower demand compared to traditional cereals such as wheat, rice, barley and soybean. Therefore, the aim is to evaluate the effect of its incorporation in the diet on biochemical indicators in Wistar rats. The research had a quantitative approach, descriptive type, using an experimental design and establishing 24 rats as sample size. There was a control treatment composed of wheat only, and three that contained 50% of wheat flour and the remaining quinoa, cañihua and tarwi flour. With the Andean crops, HDL levels were increased, while LDL levels tended to decrease concerning the wheat treatment; likewise, with the Andean cereals, the glucose level was maintained at optimal standards, and there was also an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit. It concludes that the intake of products made from Andean crops has a positive effect on the body, increasing HDL levels, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and decreasing or attenuating glucose concentrations in the blood, which is essential for proper health.

Socioeconomic position during pregnancy and pre-school exposome in children from eight European birth cohort studies

Distribution of environmental hazards and vulnerability to their effects vary across socioeconomic groups. Our objective was to analyse the relationship between child socioeconomic position (SEP) at birth and the external exposome at pre-school age (0–4 years).This study included more than 60,000 children from eight cohorts in eleven European cities (Oslo, Copenhagen, Bristol, Bradford, Rotterdam, Nancy, Poitiers, Gipuzkoa, Sabadell, Valencia and Turin). SEP was measured through maternal education and a standardised indicator of household income. Three child exposome domains were investigated: behavioral, diet and urban environment. We fitted separate logistic regression model for each exposome variable - dichotomised using the city-specific median - on SEP (medium/low vs high) adjusting for maternal age, country of birth and parity. Analyses were carried out separately in each study-area.Low-SEP children had, consistently across study-areas, lower Odds Ratios (ORs) of breastfeeding, consumption of eggs, fish, fruit, vegetables and higher ORs of TV screen time, pet ownership, exposure to second-hand smoke, consumption of dairy, potatoes, sweet beverages, savory biscuits and crisps, fats and carbohydrates. For example, maternal education-breastfeeding OR (95% Confidence Interval (CI)) ranged from 0.18 (0.14–0.24) in Bristol to 0.73 (0.58–0.90) in Oslo. SEP was also strongly associated with the urban environment with marked between-city heterogeneity. For example, income-PM2.5 OR (95%CI) ranged from 0.69 (0.47–1.02) in Sabadell to 2.44 (2.16–2.72) in Oslo.Already at pre-school age, children with lower SEP have consistently poorer diets and behaviours, which might influence their future health and wellbeing. SEP-urban environment relationships are strongly context-dependent.

Refugee and immigrants’ food consumption, housing and sociodemographic characteristics in southern Brazil

ObjectiveTo describe the food consumption of immigrants and refugees in a city in southern Brazil and evaluate the associations with sociodemographic and housing characteristics.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study with users of an association specialized in assisting refugees and immigrants in Porto Alegre-RS. Individuals aged 18 or over of both sexes with an understanding of Portuguese were included. An online questionnaire with sociodemographic, housing, and food characteristics was available to service users, and data analysis was performed using SPSS, considering p < 0.05.ResultsThe study included 68 individuals, predominantly women (76.5%) with a mean age of 34.39 (± 8.9) years and mainly from Venezuela. The food group most frequently consumed daily was the cereal group. Groups such as legumes and vegetables, meat and eggs, biscuits, and cold meats presented a higher weekly consumption frequency. Fruit, Brazil nuts and walnuts, dairy products, regular soda, ready-made desserts, frozen ready-made meals, and fried foods had the highest monthly consumption. There was an association between the consumption of fried foods and sex, cereal consumption and self-declared color, the consumption of biscuits, chocolate drinks, schooling, and cold meats consumption and age.ConclusionIn this study we observed that men consumed more fried foods than women and low education level was associated with the frequent consumption of biscuits, chocolate drinks, ham, salami or mortadella and ready-made meals. This study allowed us to investigate the profile and diet of people among refugees and immigrants in the South of Brazil since most of the data on food consumption of this type of population are from the North, and these regions are different in relation to socioeconomic characteristics. It is essential to become aware of the health and food situation of this population group to assist in the acculturation process and ensure adequate reception.

Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in the Brazilian Amazon during COVID-19.

A COVID-19 pandemic erupted, causing a global viral pneumonia outbreak, marking the most significant public health crisis of the 21st century. These changes profoundly impacted population health and well-being, leading to shifts in dietary habits. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian Amazon before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a secondary data analysis study derived from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel, 2019-2021) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. All statistical analyses were performed using the Stata 17 statistical program in the survey module (svy). We found an increased frequency in the subgroups of consumption of ultra-processed foods in the capital of the Brazilian Amazon region between the years 2019 and 2021. In the cities of Boa Vista and Macapá, there was a significant increase in the consumption of snacks, salty snacks, cookies, and meat products. Boa Vista and Macapá showed an increase in the percentage difference in the consumption ≥5 of ultra-processed subgroups, being 30.4% (p = 0.014) and 53.7% (p = 0.014), respectively. The study indicated an increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian Amazon region during and after social distancing.

Nutritional Optimization: Chronic Energy Deficiency Intervention for Pregnant Women by Consuming Sandwich Biscuits and Chicken Eggs

Introduction: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a prolonged nutritional condition resulting from insufficient energy intake, which can increase the risk of anemia, preeclampsia, infections, and impaired fetal growth. CED also contributes to preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), and congenital anomalies and raises the risk of cognitive decline and chronic diseases later in life. Objective: To explore the effectiveness of nutritional optimization through consuming sandwich biscuits and boiled eggs among pregnant women with CED. Method: This study employed a true experimental design with two pretest-posttest groups, involving 20 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters with CED. The intervention group (n=10) consumed 3 sandwich biscuits and 2 boiled eggs daily, while the control group (n=10) consumed 3 sandwich biscuits daily, both for 30 days. Measurements included upper arm circumference (UAC) and body weight (BW), analyzed using independent t-tests and paired t-tests. Results: The intervention group showed a significant increase in UAC (from 22.1 to 23.9 cm) and BW (from 43.2 to 45.4 kg), with mean differences of 1.8 cm and 2.2 kg, respectively (p=0.000). The control group also showed significant increases in UAC (from 22.2 to 23.6 cm) and BW (from 43.8 to 45.3 kg), with mean differences of 1.4 cm and 1.5 kg, respectively (p=0.000). Conclusion: The combined consumption of sandwich biscuits and boiled eggs significantly improves UAC and BW, indicating its potential to reduce CED risk in pregnant women. Further research is needed to understand better CED, particularly in relation to UAC and BW changes.

Modulation of the glycaemic index value of shortbread cookies by the use of erythritol and fruit pomace

Fruit pomace, as a by-product of fruit and vegetable processing, is a cheap and easily accessible material for further processing that can replace selected recipe ingredients, most often flour. In addition, their advantage is their high health-promoting potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the simultaneous use of erythritol (100% sucrose substitution) and the addition of varying amounts of blackcurrant, chokeberry and apple pomace (0%, 10%, 30% and 50% by weight of flour) on the glycaemic response after consumption of shortbread cookies in an in vivo study with humans (ISO 26642:2010). It was shown that an increase in the addition of each type of pomace reduced the glycaemic index value of the cookies. The pomace and sucrose-sweetened cookies were classified in the medium and low GI group. For each type of pomace, an increase in its share in the recipe of cookies was associated with a reduction in GI values (pomace: apple 49.1–37.2%, blackcurrant 56.4–41.0%, chokeberry 59.4–35.5%). Similar correlations were shown for the use of erythritol (pomace: apple 39.5–29.1%, blackcurrant 43.9–31.9%, chokeberry 34.6–20.7%). A significant effect of pomace addition on the GI values of shortbread cookies, was only observed for sucrose-sweetened products. The results obtained allow the conclusion that there is potential for the use of waste raw materials in the production of functional foods.

The Degree of Emotional Eating Among Female University Students and Its Impact on Their Pattern of Eating Behaviors

Background: The transition from high school often coincides with impact on emotional eating (EE), potentially leading to disruptions in eating patterns. Even though, the impact of EE on patterns of eating behavior among Saudi female university students is not fully investigated. Aim: To assess the impact of EE on patterns of eating behavior among Saudi female University students. Methods: A total of 359 female students (King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) participated in a cross-sectional study. Data was collected using online questionnaire including general characteristics, Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EEQ) and Eating Behavior Pattern Questionnaire (EBPQ). Results: 41.2% of participants were categorized as somewhat emotional eaters with a mean EEQ score of 13.80±6.84. EE was positively associated with eating out, frequent snacking, consumption of sweets and biscuits, and meal skipping (p&lt;0.05). Additionally, EBPQ score was positively correlated with weight/BMI (r=0.28, r=0.29) while negatively correlated with adherence to low-fat diet (r=-0.30, r=-0.26). Significant association between EEQ scores and BMI (p&lt;0.001), with increased emotional eating score among overweight/obese individuals. Conclusion: Female university participants exhibited somewhat emotional eating tendencies, highlighting the complexity of the interaction between different parameters. These findings underscore the importance of addressing EE behaviors and its subsequent impact on dietary patterns; and promoting healthier dietary habits among Saudi female university students.

The Association between Diet and Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS) that affects individuals between the ages of 20 and 40 years, with a higher prevalence among women. Prevalence of this disease has increased significantly in recent decades in different geographical areas. There is evidence to suggest that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of MS. This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between diet and MS in the Azeri population of the East Azerbaijan province of Iran. 467 MS patients and 260 non-related healthy individuals under the age of 15 completed a dietary demographic questionnaire. The relationship between food consumption and MS was evaluated using the obtained data. MS patients had a significantly higher consumption of fat, high-fat dairy, fast food, soybean, sausages and kielbasa, pickles, and leftover food (p-value=0.0001), while healthy individuals had a higher consumption of fruit (p-value=0.0001). Consumption of Meat, sweets, and fizzy drinks was also found to be higher in MS patients (p-value<0.05). There was no significant difference in the consumption of vegetables, cakes biscuits, and spices between the two groups (p-value>0.05). The results suggest that fruit consumption under the age of 15 may be a protective factoragainst MS, while the consumption of fat, high-fat dairy, fast food, soybean, sausages and kielbasa, pickles, leftover food, meat, sweets, sauce, and fizzy drinks under the age of 15, maybe risk factors for MS.

Anti-diabetic Potentials of Cookies from Wheat, Sweet Potato and African Yam Beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) Composite Flour Blends

The consumption of cookies offered reliable advantages to the consumers, which included but not limited to perfect eating ability, prolong shelf live and acceptability among all nations. This study thus, investigated the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of cookies obtained from wheat-African yam bean-sweet potato composite flour blends at different ratios. The African yam bean and sweet potato were thoroughly processed, milled, sieved thereafter mixed with the commercial wheat flour. Four blends were prepared by using the trial mixing ratio and 100% wheat flour and later used to bake cookies. The proximate, amino acid compositions, antioxidant, amylase and glucosidase inhibitory activities as well as physical properties of the composite cookies were examined while panelists were assigned to assess the cookie samples. The results of the proximate composition showed that the composite flour technology had significant (p&lt;0.05) positive effects on the cookies. Meanwhile, the amino acid compositions of the cookies revealed that the cookie samples were of high aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids, respectively with optimum physical properties. No panelist showed a total dislike for the taste of any of the samples. The added soybean seeds flours showed no significant (p&lt;0.05) effect on the acceptability and preference of the samples. Hence, it is possible to produce better protein and high nutritional cookies from these flour blends. We therefore concluded that the cookies rich in antioxidants and anti-diabetic potentials could be produced from wheat-African yam bean-sweet potato composite flour.

Effects of Wheat Biscuits Enriched with Plant Proteins Incorporated into an Energy-Restricted Dietary Plan on Postprandial Metabolic Responses of Women with Overweight/Obesity.

This study investigates the effect of daily consumption of wheat biscuits enriched with plant proteins in postprandial metabolic responses of women with overweight/obesity who follow an energy-restricted diet. Thirty apparently healthy women participated in a 12-week randomized controlled trial and were assigned either to a control (CB) or an intervention (PB) group. Participants consumed daily either a conventional (CB) or an isocaloric wheat biscuit enriched with plant proteins (PB) containing high amounts of amino acids with appetite-regulating properties, i.e., BCAAs and L-arg. At baseline and the end of the intervention, a mixed meal tolerance test was performed. The responses of glucose, insulin, ghrelin, GLP-1, and glicentin were evaluated over 180 min. After 12 weeks, both groups experienced significant decreases in body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference. In the PB group, a trend towards higher weight loss was observed, accompanied by lower carbohydrate, fat, and energy intakes (p < 0.05 compared to baseline and CB group), while decreases in fasting insulin and the HOMA-IR index were also observed (p < 0.05 compared to baseline). In both groups, similar postprandial glucose, ghrelin, and GLP-1 responses were detected, while iAUC for insulin was lower (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the iAUC of glicentin was greater in the PB group (p < 0.05 compared to baseline). Subjective appetite ratings were beneficially affected in both groups (p < 0.05). Consumption of wheat biscuits enriched in plant proteins contributed to greater weight loss, lower energy intake, and insulin resistance and had a positive impact on postprandial glicentin response, a peptide that can potentially predict long-term weight loss and decreased food intake.

Effects of fiber and resistant starch in "Mangpis" cookies on changes in blood lipid profile in obese patients obesity

Abnormal lipid profiles can cause obesity-associated heart diseases. Increased total cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels are indicators of obesity. This study aimed to identify the dietary fiber and resistant starch in mangpis cookies and analyze the effects of mangpis cookies on reducing lipid profiles. This study used a pre-test and post-test design to measure lipid profiles before and after eating mangpis. Mangpis cookies were prepared without wheat flour and replaced with 50% Bruguiera gymnorhiza mangrove flour and 50% banana flour. This experiment was conducted on 16 obese subjects. The sampling technique used was purposive. A decrease in the lipid profile was observed based on the results of blood tests before and after the consumption of mangpis cookies. The effect of the consumption of mangpis cookies on reducing lipid profiles was assessed using the Paired T-test and Wilcoxon test. The analysis results of the food fiber content and resistant starch contained in the mangpis cookies were 7,86 ± 004 and 6,65 ± 0,01 with p-value TG (p=0,001 and HDL (p=0,01). In conclusion, mangpis cookies were identified to contain 17,8% dietary fiber and 15% resistant starch, which could influence the lipid profile, especially TG levels.

Wine lees as functional ingredient to produce biscuits fortified with polyphenols and dietary fibre

Wine lees, a by-product of winemaking process, still contains bioactive molecules (especially fibres and polyphenols) with potential functional properties. Considering the high frequency of consumption and high versatility of biscuits, the purpose of this work was to replace wheat flour with 10% (F10) and 20% (F20) of wine less flour (WLF) to produce biscuits with an improved nutritional profile. This study assessed the impact of substituting 10 and 20% of WLF on the physico-chemical, nutritional, textural, sensory, and volatile aroma compound characteristics. These results were compared with those of a control biscuit exclusively made with wheat flour (F0). The statistical comparison allowed for demonstrating how the fortified biscuits (F10 and F20) had significantly higher values of fibres, proteins, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and higher oxidative stability than the control (F0). Different flavonoids and anthocyanins were detected in F10 and F20, such as ellagic acid and malvidin-3-acetil glucoside with a concentration greater than 200 mg/kg. The increased fibres and polyphenols in the F20 led to a significant lowering in glycaemic index (pGI) and starch hydrolysis (HI). Based on simulated colonic fermentation, F20 also exhibited a slight prebiotic effect supported by the significant increase in lactic acid bacteria cell density compared to F0.

Eating patterns and risk of eating disorders in adolescents

Adolescence is a critical period for the onset of eating disorders, which affect an adolescent's diet and can have adverse and long-term health consequences. The relationship between the risk of eating disorders and the diet of Russian adolescents has been little studied. The objective of the research was to characterize the relationship between the risk of eating disorders and dietary patterns in a sample of Russian schoolchildren. Material and methods. The continuous cross-sectional study included tenth-graders of secondary schools (n=379, 63.1% girls) aged 16.0±0.5 years. The Russian version of the Eating Disorder Inventory was used to assess the risk of eating disorders. Dietary information was obtained from questionnaires completed by adolescents, characterizing the frequency of meals (at home and at school) during the week, the variety of dishes, and the frequency of consumption of foods and dishes. Anthropometric measurements were carried out to calculate body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)/height index. Results. The eating patterns of schoolchildren were significantly disrupted, more so in girls. They were statistically significantly less likely than boys to consume meat, milk, nuts, and butter, and were more likely to skip breakfast. Significant correlations were shown between BMI Z-score and WC/height index in girls with body dissatisfaction (R=0.19 and 0.18, respectively, p<0.01), desire to lose weight (R=0.26 and 0.25, respectively, p<0.01) and bulimic tendencies (R=0.13, p<0.05 for WC/height). In boys, the drive for thinness was significantly associated only with abdominal fat deposition (R=0.26, p<0.01). Body dissatisfaction and desire for thinness in boys were associated with statistically significantly lower consumption of candies, chocolate, ice cream, cookies and potatoes; in girls - with rare consumption of candies, ice cream, sweet carbonated drinks, juices, fast food, as well as bread, meat and sausages, butter, skipping breakfast and dinner. Conclusion. The tendency to develop eating disorder in adolescence is more common in girls and is associated with dietary restrictions affecting important components of the diet necessary for normal growth and development.

Liquid Nitrogen-Laced Biscuit Consumption Leads to Respiratory Distress: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Liquid Nitrogen-Laced Biscuit Consumption Leads to Respiratory Distress: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Consumo de alimentos ultra processados e fatores associados em crianças de seis anos de idade

Abstract This article aims to estimate the prevalence and weekly frequency of ultra-processed food consumption in six-year-old children and associated factors in a municipality in southern Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 956 children. Data were collected through interviews with mothers in the households. The outcomes were the consumption of candies, chewing gum, lollipops and chocolates; stuffed cookies; artificial juices; and soft drinks using the Índice de Alimentação Escolar (School Feeding Index). The independent variables were gender, type of school, education and maternal occupation, breastfeeding, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the use of bottle. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. In the multivariate analysis, the weekly prevalence of stuffed cookies consumption was 14% higher in students from public schools and 8% higher in children of mothers with less than eight years of schooling. Artificial juice and soft drink consumption was 7% and 8% higher in public school students respectively and 6% higher in bottle-fed children. Most schoolchildren consumed the ultra-processed foods assessed once or twice a week. Consumption was associated with the independent variables assessed.

The effects of mango consumption on vascular health and immune function

ObjectivesHeart disease, caused by atherosclerosis, is the leading cause of death. Maintaining vascular integrity is crucial to reducing atherosclerosis risk. Mangos are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that may offer cardioprotective and immune-boosting benefits. However, their effects on the vasculature and immune system in adults with overweight and obesity remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mango consumption on vascular health and immune function in adults with overweight and obesity. MethodsIn a 12-week, crossover study, 27 overweight and obese participants consumed either 100 kcals of mangos daily or isocaloric low-fat cookies daily. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, week 4, and week 12 and analyzed for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin, E-selectin, sCD4, sCD8, sCD3E, and sCD45, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). ResultsMango consumption significantly decreased VCAM-1 between baseline and week 4 (P = 0.046) and week 12 (P = 0.004). CAT increased between baseline and week 12 (P = 0.035) with mango consumption. GPx increased at week 12 compared to baseline and week 4 (P < 0.05). At week 12, SOD was higher after mango consumption compared to low-fat cookie consumption (P = 0.046). There were no significant differences in ICAM-1, P-selectin, E-selectin, sCD4, sCD8, sCD3E, sCD45 or TNF-α concentrations (P > 0.05 for all non-significant results). ConclusionsThis study suggests that 100 kcals of mangos may benefit the integrity of the vasculature by reducing VCAM-1 and increasing SOD, CAT, and GPx levels. Mangos can be an alternative snack for improving atherosclerosis and oxidative stress risk factors.

Cookie composition analysis by Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy coupled to chemometric analysis

The consumption ofcookies is ever growing and during the COVID-19 pandemic reached record consumption values and it is imperative to guarantee the quality and safety of the products.Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy, combined with chemometric techniques, provides a promising solution in that regard, due to its speed and simple sample preparation. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibilities of using FT-NIR to predict lipids, carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, salt and energy contents, as well as to identify cookies type and main cereals present in a batch of 120 commercially acquired samples. The prediction models were performed using ordinary least squares (OLS), partial least squares (PLS), and PLS based classification models including discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), k-nearest neighbors (PLS-kNN) and naïve Bayes (PLS-NB). The best prediction models allowed for good accuracies, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9 for all studied nutritional parameters. PLS-kNN methodology was able to identify all 5 main cereals (wheat, integral wheat, oat, corn and rice) as well as the 14 types of cookies based on the nutritional contents. The developed methods were able to accurately identify the cookies type and composition, confirming the proposed methodology as a fast, reliable, environmentally friendly and non-destructive alternative to standard analytical methods.

Changes in dietary markers during the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Evaluate changes in the Brazilian population's diet and its determinants during the covid-19 pandemic. We used diet data collected by the Datafolha Institute in 2019 (n = 1,384), 2020 (n =1,214), and 2021 (n = 1,459) from independent and representative samples of the adult population (aged 18 to 55 years) from all socioeconomic classes and geographic regions of Brazil. Food consumption was measured by checking the consumption of 22 sets of food on the day before the survey. The third cycle also included questions about changes in eating habits during the pandemic. We estimated the prevalence of consumption of the food sets in each cycle of the survey and used statistical tests for comparisons of proportions between the three cycles. Between 2019 and 2020, we observed a significant increase in the consumption of cereals, milk, packaged snacks or salty cookies, and industrialized sauces, as opposed to a decrease in the consumption of eggs. Between 2019 and 2021 and between 2020 and 2021, on the other hand, there was a significant decrease in the consumption of cereals, vegetables, fruits, and industrialized fruit juices and an increase in the consumption of soda, sweets, cookies, sausages, industrialized sauces, and ready meals. When asked about the main changes in the purchase and preparation of meals, 46.3% of the respondents reported consuming more food prepared at home during the pandemic. Regarding changes in eating habits, 48.6% of the respondents reported a change in their eating habits during the pandemic. The main reasons for such changes were greater concern with health (39.1%) and self-reported decreased family income (30.2%). The covid-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the diet of the population, and increased consumption of ultra-processed foods was reported for that period.

Dietary Calcium Intake and Osteoporosis Risk in Arab Adults.

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern in Saudi Arabia's aging population. There is particularly limited information on how diet affects bone loss in this ethnic group. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between dietary calcium (Ca) intake and osteoporosis risk in Saudi adults. A total of 1950 patients (416 males and 1534 females) with known risk factors for osteoporosis participated in this cross-sectional study. A short questionnaire (CaQ) was used to assess dietary Ca intakes in patients attending tertiary hospitals in Riyadh City. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 21.3% and was more common in females (93.5%). Patients with osteoporosis were older (p < 0.001) and had lower BMI (p < 0.001). Results showed that the overall mean Ca intake was only 445.1 mg/day (recommended dietary intake of 1300 mg/day). Tea intake (OR = 0.8 95%CI: 0.7-1.0; p = 0.02) and consumption of fish and eggs (OR = 0.9 95%CI: 0.8-1.0; p = 0.01) were significantly associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis. Furthermore, consumption of biscuits, cake and bread slices were significantly associated with higher incidence of osteoporosis (OR = 1.3 95%CI: 1.0-1.5; p = 0.02). In conclusion, extremely low dietary Ca intake was observed among Saudi adults already at risk of osteoporosis. A balanced diet including high amount of Ca, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids accompanied by limiting consumption of foods high in saturated fats and glycemic index may be helpful in reducing osteoporosis risk in the Saudi adult population.

Consumption Compliance Supplementary Food Biscuits for Pregnant Women in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

One of the intervention programs to improve the nutrition of pregnant women is supplementary feeding (PMT). The nutritional problem of pregnant women that is often found in the community is the lack of intake of macronutrients and micronutrients. The method used in this study was a sequential mixed method with a sequential explanatory design. The results of this study were the percentage of consumption of MT biscuits by 5 pregnant women with KEK who consumed ≥ 80%. The perception of pregnant women about the severity of chronic energy deficiency (CED) health problems with an arm circumference of less than 23.5 cm is not a health problem that is dangerous for pregnant women. Understanding of PMT biscuit consumption instructions from officers is still lacking. There is no social support in the implementation of PMT for pregnant women from KEK. The availability of PMT for pregnant women from KEK has not been fulfilled in accordance with applicable regulations.