Population Consumption Research Articles

Did the New French Regulation of Zolpidem Decrease the Problematic Consumption of Zolpidem? A Field Study among Users.

Background: The French national drug regulatory authority stated, in 2017, that a secured prescription pad must be used for zolpidem prescriptions. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of the problematic consumption of zolpidem at the individual level since the new regulation. Methods: Two nationwide populations of at-risk users of zolpidem were recruited: one in general practitioner (GP) offices and one in specialized care centers dedicated to drug dependence (SCDDs). Participants were asked about their zolpidem consumption before and after the regulation change. The primary outcome was the evolution of problematic zolpidem consumption, as defined by at least one of the following criteria: overconsumption, fraudulent ways of obtaining, effects sought other than hypnotic, and modes of administration other than oral. Results: A total of 243 participants were included: 125 from GP offices and 118 from SCDDs. In the GP population, the prevalence of patients who were identified as problematic consumers decreased from 24.8% to 20.8% (p = 0.593), whereas the prevalence decreased from 73.7% to 51.7% in the SCDD population (p < 0.001). The most prevalent criteria for problematic status were overconsumption and fraudulent ways. Conclusions: The new French regulation of zolpidem had different impacts among two different populations of at-risk zolpidem consumers.

Oral isotretinoin for acne vulgaris side effects on the ocular surface: Hyaluronic acid and galacto-xyloglucan as treatment for dry eye disease signs and symptoms.

The purpose was to assess the efficacy of 0.4% hyaluronic acid and 0.2% galacto-xyloglucan on the subjective symptoms of dry eye disease and invasive and non-invasive tear film signs in oral isotretinoin for acne vulgaris treatment. A prospective, longitudinal, single-blind, clinical study was performed in oral isotretinoin for the acne vulgaris consumer population. Subjective dry eye disease questionnaires and invasive and non-invasive tear film assessments were reported prior to and after 6 weeks of hyaluronic acid with galacto-xyloglucan (HA-GX) treatment vs. hyaluronic acid alone (HA). Participants in the HA-GX group reported a higher decrease in the ocular surface disease index (17.01 ± 11.36 score points) compared to the variation in participants in the HA group (11.61 ± 11.18 score points). Standard patient evaluation of eye dryness also decreased more in participants in the HA-GX group (4.06 ± 5.50 score points) than in participants who received HA alone (0.70 ± 3.16). Regarding non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), participants in the HA-GX group first NIBUT achieved an increase of 1.75 ± 1.16 s while participants in the HA-alone group demonstrated an increase of only 0.54 ± 1.01 s. The HA-GX group mean NIBUT increased by of 3.72 ± 5.69 s; however, the value for the HA-alone group was 2.19 ± 5.26 s. Hyaluronic acid in combination with galacto-xyloglucan significantly decreased limbal and bulbar conjunctival redness classification and SPEED test outcomes. The inclusion of galacto-xyloglucan also increased BUT and mean NIBUT values compared to those obtained with hyaluronic acid alone.

Famous Chinese Traditional Dishes: Spatial Diffusion of Roast Duck in Mainland China and Spatial Association Characteristics of Chain Stores

The spatial pattern and geographical diffusion of Chinese traditional food culture are important manifestations of population migration and cultural chain remodeling. Taking the national roast duck stores and Beijing Quanjude and Bianyifang brand chain roast duck stores as the research objects, the spatial distribution characteristics and geographic diffusion patterns of roast duck stores, and the spatial association characteristics of the chain stores are analyzed by using spatial analysis methods and mathematical statistics. The results of the study showed that: (1) The roast duck stores in the mainland show an overall northeast-southwest direction, and the spatial distribution is extremely uneven. The eastern coast of China shows a high-value continuous distribution, from the Bohai Bay Economic Circle and the Yangtze River Delta Economic Circle, gradually radiating westward to the middle and showing the clustering characteristics of “point + surface”. (2) Using the point cluster analysis method, the diffusion pattern of roast duck stores in the three major economic zones of China is explored, and roast duck stores in the western region show the characteristics of contact diffusion combined with hierarchical diffusion. Contact diffusion is the main diffusion mode of roast duck stores in the east. The central region shows the diffusion characteristics of contact diffusion combined with hierarchical diffusion. Overall, the roast duck stores in mainland China show a composite diffusion pattern. (3) Quanjude and Bianyifang stores have spatial agglomeration characteristics, Quanjude chain stores have a slightly stronger central pointing, while Bianyifang roast duck chain stores have slightly wider spatial diffusion. Both brands significantly show spatial orientation close to transportation facilities and high consumption markets. The street population has a slightly weaker influence on the spatial distribution of the two brands. (4) Through the multivariate spatial analysis method, it is found that the spatial correlation of mutual attraction between Quanjude and Bianyifang roast duck chain stores is presented, but there are differences in the formation mechanism and weak asymmetry in the attraction intensity, which is related to the consumer population and corporate positioning of Quanjude and Bianyifang. With the advent of the big data era, it is possible to obtain and use big data analysis methods to reshape the deep information under the surface logic. Attention should be paid to the location choice of traditional restaurant chains in the new era, to explore the possibilities of enterprise development, and to improve the efficiency of urban space.

The effect of service quality on consumer satisfaction at fast food restaurants in denpasar

The culinary industry is a small part of the tourism sector in Indonesia, which still exists during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the existence of fast food restaurants in Bali, with the focus of the study on the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction. The type of research used in this study is associative research and the variables analyzed in this study are physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and customer satisfaction. This research was conducted at Mie Gacoan Gatot Subroto Restaurant, Central Bali, using a sample population of the restaurant's consumers. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, which amounted to 100 respondents. Based on the results of the F-test, it can be concluded that the dependent variable in the form of consumer satisfaction can be significantly influenced by the independent variables in the form of physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy together.

Pengaruh kualitas pelayanan, kualitas produk dan promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian Aki Merk SG pada PT Jaya Timur

The customer's purchase decision is beneficial for the company because it will be the final direction the company gets. As a result, the company must try to move more actively in terms of attracting the attention of customers in order to increase the company's margins and meet the company's needs, desires, and purchasing decisions and gain pleasure in the hearts of customers so that customers are expected to be loyal. The population in this study were consumers of PT Jaya Timur brand SG batteries. The total population of consumers purchasing SG brand batteries at PT Jaya Timur is a total of 2460 consumers. The size of the sample from a population can be determined by using the Slovin formula so that the sample taken in this study is 188 respondents. The results of the t-test show that the service quality variable has a t-count value of 3.363 with a significance level of 0.001 &lt;0.05. The product quality variable shows a t-count value of 3.323 with a significance level of 0.001&lt;0.05. The promotion variable shows a t-count value of 16,247 with a significance level of&lt;0.05. The F test results show that Service Quality, Product Quality and Promotion have a simultaneous positive and significant effect on Purchase Decisions with a significance number of 0.000 &lt;0.05. The coefficient of determination (Adjusted R Square) is 0.674 or 67.4% of the purchasing decision variables. can be explained or influenced by service quality, product quality and promotion.

Directions of Stimulation of the Development of Tourism Infrastructure by Attraction of Investments

This article notes that the uncertainty of the consequences of the pandemic has shown the need for the development of domestic tourism, the creation of modern health resort and tourism services and improving the quality of tourism infrastructure by attracting investments for maintenance and provision of transport and the development of tourism products and services, the introduction of environmental protection measures. Using the given statistical data on the development of the tourism and hospitality industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the authors analyzed the influence of some factors influencing the development of the tourism industry. The indicators of the structure of the population's expenditures on paid services, the distribution of resident visitors by purpose of travel at places of accommodation for 2021, the number of visitors served at places of accommodation for tourists in general in Kazakhstan, the main indicators of financial and economic activities in the field of tourism for 2016-2021 are given, performance indicators of tourist infrastructure facilities for the analyzed period. Proposals are given for the transformation of the most significant tourist sites included in the Touristification Map of Kazakhstan into one tourist cluster with a unique dominant experimental structure with transfer to foreign tourism markets in the future.&#x0D;

Determinants of Economic Growth: The Case of The United States of America

The purpose of this article is to find long- and short-term determinants of U.S. economic growth over the period 1970-2016. By using cointegration analysis and vector error correction models, we compensated for many variables that were not previously linked together. Empirical analysis shows that consumer spending, population, domestic investment, FDI inflows, and exports are long-term sources of economic growth, but FDI outflows, military spending, taxes, and imports are not considered long-term sources of economic growth. grow. In the short run, all variables have no effect on economic growth.

Stochastic Evolutionary Game Analysis on the Strategy Selection of Green Building Stakeholders from the Perspective of Supply-Demand Subject Populations

In construction industry, the research and development (R&amp;D) and application of green building technologies (GBTs) are crucial to promote the development of green buildings. From the perspective of supply-demand subject populations, this paper discusses the dynamic evolution process of strategy between individuals within construction enterprise populations and between construction enterprise populations and consumer populations. Firstly, based on Moran process, the stochastic evolutionary game model of construction enterprises adopting independent innovation strategy was constructed to obtain the conditions for the dominance of independent innovation strategy. Next, the bimatrix game model of construction enterprise populations and consumer populations was constructed to obtain the equilibrium frequency of the joint strategy. Then, the influence laws of the change of parameters on game were discussed through numerical simulations. The results show that (1) reducing the cost of independent R&amp;D cost, reducing the spillover effect coefficient, increasing the loss of technology introduction, and increasing R&amp;D subsidies for independent innovation construction enterprises are all conducive to IIS becoming an evolutionary stable strategy. (2) The marginal effect of IIS increases with the decrease in the spillover effect coefficient, the increase in the loss of technology introduction of construction enterprises, and the increase R&amp;D subsidies. (3) The smaller the mutation rate is, the greater the cross-price sensitivity coefficient is, the greater the green sensitivity coefficient is, the greater the probability of government active encouragement is, and the more dominant (production of green buildings, purchase of green buildings) is. Finally, relevant measures and suggestions are proposed.

Aflatoxin M1 in Ultra High Temperature Milk Consumed in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Background: Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a mycotoxin found in milk that has a carcinogenic effect and poses significant public health risks. Since the human population's consumption of milk and milk products are quite high, thereby increasing the risk of exposure to AFM1 is of great threat. To assess public health hazards associated with the occurrence of AFM1 in Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk, a survey was carried out in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE).&#x0D; Methods: A total of 42 UHT milk samples from different commercial brands were collected from January to April 2020. The occurrence and concentration range of AFM1 in the samples were investigated by applying the competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method.&#x0D; Results: AFM1 was detected in four positive samples (9.5%) with a concentration range of 2.8-7.4 ng/L and a mean concentration of 5.2±1.9 ng/L. However, none of the positive samples had AFM1 levels exceeding the maximum permissible limit (50 ng/L) as set by the European Commission.&#x0D; Conclusion: AFM1 incidence in the samples selected from UHT consumed milk in Sharjah-UAE is very low and seems to be no serious public health problem at the moment. Frequent analytical surveillance by food control agencies is highly recommended to keep controlling of the incidence of mycotoxin contamination in dairy products consumed in the UAE.

Investigation of Restaurants In Beyoglu Istanbul, In Terms Of Hygiene Criterias And Food Safety

This study was carried out in the Beyoğlu region, where the daily food consumer population is high and the most visited by local and foreign tourists in Istanbul. The aim of the study is to determine the hygienic conditions of the personnel and restaurants. 100 Restaurants were checked twice with the pre-prepared check-lists and scored. In each control, 4 surfaces and equipments, 4 personnels and 1 air sample were taken. 5 water sample was taken to determine the microbiological status of the water. Hygienic conditions of the restaurants were determined by microbiological analysis of the samples. As a result of the checks made with the prepared form, restaurants were found to be 75% proper in terms of general hygiene conditions, storage hygiene, production hygiene, personnel hygiene and personnel training criterias. The samples taken for the surfaces and equipment hygiene were found improper as 7.5% for E. coli, 23.7% for coliform and 10.9% for aerobic mesophilic bacteria. In terms of personnel hygiene, samples were found improper as 9.6% for E.coli, 17.7% for coliform and 22.5% for S.auerus. Air hygiene samples were found proper as 92.5%. All 5 water samples analysis resulted properly. All total polar compounds measurements made on frying oils have been appropriately concluded.&#x0D; It was determined that food safety management systems are not used in the restaurants and the basic contamination factor was personnel who has inadequate hygiene knowledge and the restaurants that don’t have effective cleaning and disinfection plans.

Residue and distribution of drip irrigation and spray application of two diamide pesticides in corn and dietary risk assessment for different consumer groups.

As the use of diamide insecticides on corn continues to increase, there is growing concern about their residue levels on corn and dietary risks to populations. In this study, the distribution, dispersion and transfer efficiency of two diamide insecticides (tetrachlorantraniliprole (TCAP) and cyantraniliprole (CNAP)) in different parts of corn and soil were investigated in a 1-year field trial in Guangzhou and Lanzhou using two different application methods - spray and drip irrigation, respectively - and the dietary risk of the insecticides to different consumer populations was assessed under the two application methods. The results showed that drip irrigation had a longer persistence period than spraying, and there was a hysteresis in the absorption distribution of the agent in different parts of corn, which was gradually transferred to the leaves after absorption from the roots. The average TE1 (transfer efficiency) and TE2 were 0.230-0.261 and 1.749-1.851 for TCAP and 0.168-0.187 and 2.363-2.815 for CNAP, respectively. At corn harvest, both TCAP and CNAP were below detectable levels in soil and corn. For different consumer populations, hazard quotients ranged from 0.001 to 0.066 for TCAP and from 0.003 to 0.568 for CNAP - both well below 100%. This study indicates that TCAP and CNAP applied by spray or drip irrigation are safe for long-term risk of human intake and also provides guidance for the use of both insecticides in agricultural production to control corn pests, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Digital Divide in the Rural Healthcare Market in the United States: Health Equity and Inclusiveness

The digital divide has been extensively discussed in context with consumer shopping behavior and population health based on race and ethnic groups (Kwon &amp;amp; Kim, 2021; Qian, 2022). However, it has been rarely explored in terms of health disparity between rural area and the rest of the population. The pandemic provides a good opportunity for us to review the extent of telehealth practice in rural areas which play an important role in many aspects of our life. Telehealth if and when properly utilized could address health inequity that exists between rural communities and urban settings. Healthcare inclusiveness will be a by-product from telehealth deployment in rural communities. The purpose of this article is to present the current status of telehealth in rural areas of the United States and recommend a long-term solution to make telehealth a sustainable program. A short case study supplements this study. Our study finds that telehealth in rural area brought many potential customers to healthcare market especially those who were unable to receive care under traditional settings due to transportation, cost and lack of information readily available to the community. This study also uncovered that telehealth literacy training in the rural areas is a major pathway to successful utilization of telehealth potential. Due to a lack of comprehensive literature in rural telehealth, this study used current status of rural population and healthcare infrastructure in the United States as a source of study methodology.

Brazilian consumer perceptions towards second-hand clothes regarding Covid-19

Second-hand clothes (SHC) emerge as an alternative for responsible consumption, towards sustainability, as a new opportunity for the fashion industry. This study aims to understand the perceptions and attitudes of Brazilian consumers regarding SHC on a comparative basis before and during the occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic. The empirical investigation was divided into two stages. Firstly, a survey was conducted before Covid-19 (November 2019) with a sample of 513 Brazilian fashion consumers, where exploratory factorial and cluster analysis were performed. Using a structural equation model, five hypotheses were generated based on literature to test the influence of some factors in the intention to buy SHC: socio-environmental awareness, preconception with SHC, need for uniqueness, brand awareness and social prestige. Secondly, another survey was conducted during Covid-19 (August 2020) with a sample of 392 Brazilian fashion consumers. The comparative analysis demonstrated some differences in the intention to buy SHC regarding the pandemic. “Preconception with SHC” remained non-significant, “need for uniqueness” and “social prestige” remained positively correlated. “Socio-environmental awareness” has become positively correlated and “brand awareness” intensified negatively during the pandemic. New research can investigate the current transfiguration of consumer behavior in other countries considering the outbreak of coronavirus, as well as analyze the actions of institutions towards the fashion sector in view of conscious consumption, which is increasingly in vogue among the consumer population. This research contributes to the knowledge about SHC consumer behavior regarding the Covid-19 pandemic. The results assist in marketing strategies for the fashion industry, considering the growing demand for second-hand items during the pandemic, and contribute to a higher level of sustainability in the sector.

Analysis of Factors That Influence Consumers’ Acceptance Of Local Rice In South East Nigeria

This study examines the variables that influence consumers’ acceptance of local rice in South East Nigeria from the perspectives of trust in technology processing and marketing factors. The research will cross sectional survey and correlational evidence from household consumers of rice where data required for the study were generated with the instrument of questionnaire. A sample of 400 respondents was elicited from a finite population of household rice consumers’ resident in the five (5) South East Nigeria using a stratified random sampling and purposive non probability sampling techniques. Of this number, 366 copies were usable. The data were cross tabulated and analysed with descriptive statistics and the hypotheses were tested with Pearson product moment Correlation (PPMC) and multiple Regression. Findings indicate that trust in technology of processing and marketing factors influence consumers’ acceptance of local rice. However, marketing factors have more influence than trust in technology of processes. The study therefore recommends that given the increasing importance of technology, it would be interesting that a modern and automated milling sector be developed alongside the small, private milling sector. This will be able to carter for the production needs for increased quality rice production of which consumers are interested in. In addition, government should lay a concrete plan for local rice production and marketing, involving private sector investment in efficient rice processing using mini rice meals with built in capacity for the stoning, polishing and sorting homogenous high quality rice. Keywords: Consumer Acceptance; Local Rice, Marketing Factors, Technology of processing, Rice consumers, South East Nigeria DOI: 10.7176/JMCR/85-08 Publication date: June 28 th 2022

Nexus of Macroeconomic Indicators and Meat Consumption in Saudi Arabia: An ARDL Approach

The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between domestic consumption of meat (red and fish) and its macroeconomics determinants in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period 1980-2020. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag model was used to estimate the short-run and long-run between domestic consumption of meat (red and fish) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), meat price index, consumer price index and population. The model results revealed a negative significant relationship between domestic consumption of red meat and meat price index, and a positive significant relationship with consumer price index in the long run. The results also depicted a positive significant relationship between domestic consumption of red meat and GDP in the short run. Moreover, the model results depicted a positive significant relationship between domestic consumption of fish and GDP. The study recommended improvement of red meat and fish sub-sectors by supporting producers with loans, storage facilities and supporting the use of modern techniques in fishing to ensure sustainable food supply. This study contributes to literature of food security, and it could support the strategic plan of food security in Saudi Arabia. This is helpful in policy formation to ensure sustainable food supply and fill the gap of the domestic production. It provides valuable information regarding macroeconomic indicators affecting domestic consumption of meat (red meat and fish).

Distribution of celiac disease predisposing genes HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 in the native population of southern India.

Celiac disease (CD) is an intestinal inflammatory condition caused by the ingestion of gluten peptides in wheat and related grains in individuals carrying HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 genes. In comparison to HLA-DQ8, a higher HLA-DQ2 prevalence is reported in European population where wheat has been the staple food for thousands of years. In non-European population, this pattern of HLA-DQ CD-predisposing gene distribution has not always been found. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 distribution in the native low-gluten consuming southern Indian population. Overall, 211 dried blood spots (DBS) were collected from native southern Indian individuals. HLA-DQ characterization and the determination of homozygous/heterozygous status were performed using commercially availableHLA-DQ typing kits. Of 211 collected DBS, 88 (42%, 95% CI: 36-48) were positive for HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 heterodimers. Overall, 40 (19%, 95% CI: 14-24) samples typed positive for HLA-DQ2 and 48 (23%, 95% CI: 18-28) typed positive for HLA-DQ8 genotypes. Of 40 HLA-DQ2-positive individuals, only one subject tested homozygous for the DQB1*02 allele. In the southern Indian native general population, the prevalence of HLA-DQ8 is higher in comparison to HLA-DQ2 prevalence. This finding could be related to the delayed introduction of wheat in the diet of the southern Indian population.

Значение рыбных ресурсов в питании населения Сьерра-Леоне

The review provides an analysis of consuming fish resources by the population of Sierra Leone. It has been stated that consumption of fish resources per capita in Sierra Leone reached a high level (36.5 kg per capita) in 2008, while in 1961 the lowest level was observed - 11.4 kg. At the moment, the amount of fish consumed is gradually decreasing. According to a 2019 FAO study in Sierra Leone, fish accounts for 80% of the total animal protein consumed by the population. In the diet of the population of Sierra Leone, there is a deficiency of protein, vitamins and trace elements, which leads to an increase in a number of diseases. Fish is an excellent protein supplement to the grain-rich diet of the population and contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals necessary for humans. Ethmalosa fimbriata and Sardinella are the commercially important fish species in Sierra Leone, accounting for 46.54% and 16.42% of the population's consumption of commercial fish species, respectively. There was analyzed the biochemical composition of the commercial fish species (Ethmalosa fimbriata, Sardinella spp., Ilisha Africana, Elops spp., Dentex, Pseudotolithus elongates) in order to expand the range of food products.

“Nobody Came to Monte Carlo To Be Bored”: The Scripting of the Monte Carlo Pleasurescape 1880-1940

In 1863, the Monegasque government and the newly founded Société des Bains de Mer decided to transform a small hill known as Spélugues into a casino district. Three years later, in 1866, Monte Carlo was officially founded. Over the next three decades, it became a cosmopolitan pleasurescape designed for a nonlocal, seasonal population of gamblers and consumers, separated from the neighboring urban entities. Although not a port city, Monte Carlo constituted a distinctly global space in which the casino company scripted the movements, emotions, and behaviors of visitors for the purpose of gambling and leisure. Monte Carlo represents both a pleasurescape and company town where entertainment and capitalism were prerequisites for its urbanization.

Covid-19 Positivity Differences Among Patients of a Rural, Southern US State Hospital System Based on Population Density, Rural-Urban Classification, and Area Deprivation Index.

In this study we examined the correlation of COVID-19 positivity with area deprivation index (ADI), social determinants of health (SDOH) factors based on a consumer and electronic medical record (EMR) data and population density in a patient population from a tertiary healthcare system in Arkansas. COVID-19 positivity was significantly associated with population density, age, race, and household size. Understanding health disparities and SDOH data can add value to health and the creation of trustable AI.

Effect of a brief intervention with small financial incentives on alcohol consumption in China: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

IntroductionAlcohol consumption is the seventh leading risk factor for disability-adjusted life years in the world, according to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. As the largest developing country, China...