The People’s Republic of China was established on 1 October 1949, and in the initial years after its emergence on the world stage, the country embarked on an active phase of law-making, culminating in the adoption of its first Constitution on September 20, 1954. This constitution was based on the Stalinist Constitution of 1936 and incorporated some of its constitutional and legal institutions, categories, and norms of the time. The 1954 Constitution of the PRC laid the foundation for the state system not only for the early period of the PRC but also for modern China. It served as the basis for the 1982 Constitution, which is the fourth and current Constitution in effect today. The foundational elements of the political system and the structure of the supreme and local bodies of state power and administration established in the early years of the PRC remain in place. The spirit of the 1954 Constitution has permeated all subsequent constitutional legislation in the PRC. Consultative democracy, democratic centralism, a unicameral parliament, and many other features that are now integral to China’s political system were established by the first Constitution of socialist China. Understanding the essence of the ideas enshrined in this foundational document is crucial to comprehending China’s unique constitutional way of development and providing a reasonable scientific forecast of its future evolution.