Constructive Leisure Research Articles

The English-language learning difficulties of older migrants in New Zealand: A life course perspective

ABSTRACT Older migrants are often later-life language learners by necessity. While the bulk of extant research on older language learners focuses on those who elect language learning as a constructive leisure pursuit, for older migrants with low proficiency in the dominant host country language, progress in language learning is a key factor that contributes to their independence, social inclusion, and well-being. Drawing on the life-course perspective, this article examines the language-learning difficulties (LLDs) of older Chinese migrants in New Zealand who have attended English courses, and who need basic communicative language ability in their daily lives. We identified three main life-course related factors that contribute to their language-learning difficulties and detract from their commitment to formal learning. These LLDs result from perceived shortcomings in individuals’ prior educational background, factors related to individuals’ current circumstances that impact their sense of agency, and unsatisfactory current formal learning experiences. We offer recommendations aimed at improving formal learning opportunities for this learner group.

A longitudinal study on changes in weekend leisure time by age groups in Korea (1999–2019)

BackgroundData analysis was conducted on 20 years (1999–2019) of the Korean Time Use Survey (KTUS) to identify differences and characteristics among each types by extracting latent clusters of weekend leisure activities.MethodsUsing data from the KTUS, we classified weekend leisure time activities into 6 distinct categories. To identify the latent clusters for each year's KTUS data, we utilized latent profile analysis (LPA). Furthermore, independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA were conducted to investigate the characteristics of each latent cluster.ResultsAs a result of leisure time analysis by survey period, media use accounted for the largest share in all three age groups. The results of the LPA, which included media, sports, culture, and tourism, revealed that the distribution of leisure time for these activities was lower throughout the entire study period.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, it is recommended to explore constructive leisure activities and to develop policy measures to promote the domestic leisure industry and leisure consumption.

Features of adaptation of the population in difficult climate and natural environment conditions (on the example of research in the Altai Republic)

The authors discuss approaches to the definition of the concept of "adaptation", the interdisciplinary nature of this term is noted. Biological, sociological and psychological approaches to understanding the essence of the phenomenon of "adaptation" are distinguished. At the biological level, a violation of personality adaptation due to difficult climatic conditions can lead to the emergence of physiological diseases, exacerbation of existing chronic diseases; at the psychological level of adaptation – to depressive states, apathy, anxiety, mental disorders; at the social level – to disruption of professional activity, difficulties in communicating with other people, the formation of negative ways of organizing leisure. It is noted that observations of local residents are a valuable source of information about climate change, especially at the local level. The article presents the data of an empirical qualitative study, the purpose of which is to identify and analyze trends in climate change and the natural environment in the Altai Republic in the perception of the local population. A number of in-depth interviews were conducted with experts, local residents living in permafrost areas of the Altai Republic: in the villages of Kosh-Agach and Ulagan districts. The obtained results of a qualitative study indicate problematic aspects of adaptation of residents of the Altai Republic at the biological level: in the presence of chronic diseases (especially high blood pressure is common), the population rarely seeks medical help. Risks are also noted at the social level of adaptation: the life activity of the population of the Republic takes place in difficult working and everyday conditions, due to difficult climatic conditions, residents have to abandon animal husbandry, a traditional source of personal food and income, there is difficult access to the social infrastructure of settlements, including for constructive leisure. The psychological component of adaptation, on the contrary, works quite effectively: despite the difficult living conditions, respondents assess their life as good and for the most part do not want to change their place of residence. It is noted that successful human adaptation is an integrated approach that includes biological, psychological and social components of adaptation.

Использование рекреационных учебных изданий в организации досуговой деятельности младших школьников

The article deals with the problem of organizing constructive leisure activities of younger schoolchildren in modern conditions of the development of society. As one of the effective means of forming a culture of leisure among primary school students, the use of recreational educational publications both in the system of formal and non-formal education is substantiated. The possibilities and key characteristics of recreational educational publications are analyzed according to the assessments of buyers of this type of benefits on trading Internet platforms. The results of a content analysis of reviews and comments on the author’s recreational educational publication on the largest online trading platforms Ozon and Wildberries are presented.

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF JUVENILE CONVICTS’ RESOCIALIZATION IN THE PROBATION SERVICE

The article studies social and psychological conditions of juvenile convicts’ resocialization in the probation service. Serving animprisonment sentence leads juvenile offenders to lose their social skills and it is difficult for them to adapt in society, because the personality of a juvenile offender regresses in isolation. Due to the humanization of criminal policy in Ukraine, the judicial system is changing to give preference to alternative punishments, not related to imprisonment. One such re-socializing form for juvenile offenders is probation. This punishment avoids adolescent social isolation during the most important period of personality formation.The main stages of social-psychological work with juveniles sentenced to alternative punishments are: examination of their personality, determination of measures and methods having effective social-psychological influence on them, preparation of individual resocialization programs and adolescents’ integration to societyon the basis of these programs. We determined the content of social workers’ work to re-socialize juvenile offenders.During our empirical study, we analysed documents and organised a survey to examine social workers’ functions in working with juvenile convicts and determine an expert opinion about the need for a social worker position in the probation services where juvenile convicts were registered.The sample consisted of specialists from the probation services of the city of Kyiv and Kyiv region, who worked with juvenile convicts, totally, 28 respondents.The empirical data revealed that, mainly, the specialists in law studied the features of adolescents’ personality traits and upbringing. Probation services did not have social workers in their working structure. And these facts, in turn, makes it impossible to provide high-quality resocialization. In particular, the pre-trial reports, risk assessment for repeated criminal offenses, work with juvenile convicts’ parents, organization of constructive leisure, etc. are performed by specialists without any competencies in social work.However, according to the empirical data, respondents believed that specialists in social work should participate actively in resocialization of juvenile convicts, as they would understand the features of adolescence and, therefore, would be able towork in cooperation to assess qualitatively recidivism, assist and encourage adolescents to study and get an education. Keywords: resocialization, probation, social work, convicted adolescents.

MOTIVACIJA I NAVIKE PIJENJA ALKOHOLNIH PIĆA ADOLESCENATA GRADA DUBROVNIKA

ALCOHOL DRINKING MOTIVATION AND HABITS OF ADOLESCENTS IN THE CITY OF DUBROVNIK Adolescent alcohol use is one of the biggest public health problems of youth worldwide. Studies conducted in the Republic of Croatia confirm a high prevalence of this phenomenon in high school students with the data showing that almost 92% of young people under the age of 16 have tried some of the alcoholic beverages. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of beer and spirit drinking among high school students according to gender, type of school, and beer drinking of people closely related to them. The study also explored high school students’ motivation for beer drinking and differences in motivation between genders. The study included 789 students from 2nd and 3rd grades of high schools in Dubrovnik. The results showed that 92% of students have tried alcohol at least once. A higher percentage of male students consumed beer and wine than female students, and when it came to hard liquor, female students drank an equal amount of hard liquor as male students. The students in vocational schools, particularly in three-year programs consume more alcohol than the students from grammar schools. The study showed a correlation between adolescent drinking and drinking habits of people close to them, in particular partners and close friends. The study also showed the link between adolescent drinking and parents’ beer drinking. The most common motivation for drinking beer in adolescents is having fun and relaxing from everyday worries. They drink beer when they feel happy or bored as beer drinking increases their good mood and contributes to feeling relaxed. This study results indicate the need for implementing science-based alcohol use prevention programs and programs of high school students’ mental health promotion. The importance of involving parents in prevention programs, the role of the community in promoting healthy lifestyles and organizing ways of constructive leisure and fun for young people are also emphasized. Key words: adolescents; alcoholic drinks; beer; drinking; motivation

Connections between Family Assets and Positive Youth Development: The Association between Parental Monitoring and Affection with Leisure-Time Activities and Substance Use.

This study aimed to determine the associations between parental monitoring and affection and three adolescent lifestyle aspects: constructive leisure, non-constructive leisure and substance use. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four countries (Chile, Mexico, Spain and Peru). Adolescents aged 12–15 self-completed a multi-purpose questionnaire. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to analyse the association between the parental monitoring and affection variables and the outcomes in terms of the children’s lifestyles. The results indicate that parental monitoring is conducive to more constructive leisure and less non-constructive leisure and seems to be conducive to the prevention of substance use. Furthermore, parental affection is conducive to constructive leisure and the prevention of substance use. The discussion focuses on the fact that the family can be a protective resource associated with positive adolescent development.

Youth Movements, Citizenship and the English Countryside: Creating Good Citizens, 1930-1960 by Sian Edwards

Reviewed by: Youth Movements, Citizenship and the English Countryside: Creating Good Citizens, 1930-1960 by Sian Edwards Benjamin René Jordan Youth Movements, Citizenship and the English Countryside: Creating Good Citizens, 1930-1960. By Sian Edwards. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. xviii + 296 pp. Cloth $109, e-book $84.99. In this engaging and useful analysis, Sian Edwards joins recent publications such as Kristine Alexander's Guiding Modern Girls: Girlhood, Empire, and Internationalism in the 1920s and 1930s and Mischa Honeck's Our Frontier Is the World: The Boy Scouts in the Age of American Ascendency to advance our understanding of powerful Anglo-American youth organizations like Boy Scouts and Girl Guides into the 1930-1960 era. Previous in-depth studies emphasized the origins of such voluntary institutions from 1908 to 1929, so these new works allow us to see if and how these vital cultural agents evolved with broad historical shifts such as the Great Depression and World War II. Edwards occasionally contrasts post-1920s Scouting and Guiding with their initial two decades, such as their declining emphasis on imperialist rhetoric, but a more systematic comparison between the eras would have helped illuminate if these youth organizations stayed true to their founding principles or dramatically departed from them. Like most such studies, Edwards primarily tells a top-down narrative of what adult leaders thought and tried to teach through analyzing organizational publications and records. Framing the book around chapters on work, home and family, community and nation, and constructive leisure appropriately emphasizes these organizations' underlying motive to prepare youth for responsible adulthood. The author convincingly argues that the organizations channeled these concerns through a central ideal of the good British citizen that was contrasted at various times with anxieties over the unemployed teen, juvenile delinquent, or the flamboyant Teddy boy. While the author demonstrates [End Page 146] the centrality of gender to these organizations, the role of ethnicity and racial inequality is less scrutinized here. Edwards's balanced analysis of the Scouts and Guides with that of the rural Young Farmers' Club [YFC] and the working-class Woodcraft Folk [WF] organizations helps provide an important corrective to our predominantly urban, middle-class conception of British youth and their voluntary organizations. The WF's increasingly vocal pacifism and socialism contrasted starkly with the nationalist jubilance of Scout, Guide, and YFC members, especially during World War II. Inclusion of the YFC enables Edwards to identify a rural strain of femininity that incorporated domestic preparation with continued emphasis on dairying and raising poultry as well as managing business aspects of the family farm. The author argues that the urban, middle-class Girl Guides, however, shifted away from their 1920s–1930s emphasis on varied professional careers to narrower housewife training and advice on sex and romantic relationships by the 1950s. While the book delivers on unpacking the evolving dimensions of British citizenship and gendered youth training in the mid-twentieth century, the particular meanings of "countryside" for these different organizations, cultural groups, and historical eras is less clear. Edwards often blurs or equates such terms as countryside, rural, farm, outdoors, nature, and camp. The author tends to subsume the nature-based camping and hiking of the Scouts, Guides, and WF into the rural YFC's focus on family farms and agricultural labor. Aside from farm work as a last-ditch alternative to unemployment and some promotion of gardening during wartime, however, other studies of American and British Scouting and Guiding have found relatively little emphasis on rural farm landscapes. Like American Boy and Girl Scouting, Edwards's own sources reveal some tone of disdain among British Scout and Guide leaders for the rural farm environment, such as a 1933 Scouter article noting that "farm work in this country may not appeal to all [Boy] Scouts," and a 1931 article in The Guide apologizing for the negative prospects of farm life for modern girls: "No, the pay isn't much for the plain assistants [in poultry farming], but who wants money in the country?" (128, 143). Engagement with the historiography on German outdoor youth organizations like the Wandervogel and Hitler Youth and their notions of "Heimat," as well as research on American and Canadian youth camping...

El teatro cívico de Percy MacKaye: un pionero en la animación teatral y la pedagogía del ocio

In the first two decades of the 20 th century the career of Percy MacKaye becomes especially relevant. As a brilliant American scholar and playwright, he formulated a plan for the organization of the theatre that aimed at promoting the social, cultural and educational potential of a theatrical praxis based on the active participation of people, linked to community development. In this paper, born of a critical reading of his theoretical work, we show how the educational, cultural and artistic uses of theatrical practice promoting a constructive leisure, have in MacKaye’s essays a precedent on theoretical and practical grounds. His proposals are still relevant considering today’s challenges, among which it stands out the creation of spaces for meeting and interaction where the community may meet, recognize and recreate itself. His essays become even more significant considering old problems such as the «arrangement of the theatres» and the status of theater education, formulated by enlightened thinkers such as Jovellanos or Moratin, which two centuries later still await an appropriate solution. We close the paper with a set of conclusions where specific proposals concerning those old issues are made. How to reference this article Vieites, M. F. (2016). El teatro civico de Percy MacKaye: un pionero en la animacion teatral y la pedagogia del ocio. Espacio, Tiempo y Educacion , 3(1), 421-442. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.2016.003.001.20

Sports as a preventive measure of at-risk behavior among urban youth: a presentation of the “Sports 2014 – Multifactorial Environmental Model”

Summary The objective of this paper was to present an original project titled “Sports 2014 – Multifactorial Environmental Model”, designed to reinforce positive behavior and create a sense of community among urban youth. It evolved together with the subsequent phases of an urban health promotion program that began in 1994 in Wrocław, Poland. However, the basis of this model was in creating a health promotion initiative that included elements of the Mandala model of health, an ecological model, and the ‘Your Neighborhood’s Coach’ health promotion and at-risk prevention program, begun in 2003 by the Sports Department of the City of Wrocław and continued to this day. This type of initiative was designed to include measures typical of a prevention program while also promoting an active lifestyle through constructive leisure activities. Its guiding philosophy was the ‘get involved’ rather than ‘dissuade from’ approach, which has found popularity in programs of a similar nature across the world. The presented “Multifactorial Environmental Model” is addressed to active counselors, coaches, psychologists, health promotion figureheads, and policymakers whose goal is to reduce negative and anti-social behavior in today’s youth. It should also find value among the pedagogical community of physical education institutions, as the presented work may serve as a source of experience when deciding on any significant changes in the education of future physical education teachers, coaches, and recreation instructors working with adolescents.

After-School Interests, Achievement Goal Orientation, and Peers in a Predominantly African American School

The federally mandated educational climate created by programs such as No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB, 2002) continues to motivate educational researchers and practitioners to discover, develop, and implement ways to increase student performance and decrease the African American-White achievement gap. This is especially important given previous research showing the achievement gap manifests into differing rates of high school graduation and college attendance (Lee, 2004; Slavin & Madden, 2006). There are many ways of helping close the achievement gap between African American and White students (Biddle & Berliner, 2003; Fram, Miller-Cribbs, & Van Horn, 2007; Lee, 2004). To this end, there is a growing body of research on non-cognitive factors that affect academic performance (e.g., Burchinal et al., 2011), with a particular emphasis on ethnically diverse educational settings (Kaplan & Maehr, 1999a, 1999b; Shim, Ryan, & Anderson, 2008; Wilson, Karimpour, & Rodkin, 2011; Wilson & Rodkin, 2011). Non-cognitive factors can include after-school interests, the influence of peer groups, and students' academic motivation (Eccles & Templeton, 2002; Huang, 2012; Ryan, 2001).As independent factors, prior work suggests that peer groups, out-of-school interests, and academic motivation can alter students' academic achievement (Eccles & Templeton, 2002; Huang, 2012; Ryan, 2001). According to social-cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986), environmental factors, such as peer groups, transmit beliefs and behaviors to the individual student (Ellis et al., 2012). For example, peer groups usually adopt members' personal interests and academic motivation (Jones & Ford, 2014; Kindermann, 1993, 2007; McPherson, Smith-Lovin, & Cook, 2001; Schaefer et al., 2011). Although many factors affect African Americans' academic performance (e.g. classroom emotional climate (Reyes, Brackett, Rivers, White, & Salovey 2012), parental education (Fan & Chen, 2001), and socioeconomic status (Bamgarner & Brooks-Gunn, 2013), these constructs are of personal interest to the authors given a growing body of work on non-cognitive factors affecting students' academic performance (Johnson et al., 2004; Jones, Alexander, & Estell, 2010; Jones & Ford, 2014; Neitzel, Alexander, & Johnson, 2008). Peer effects on after-school activities, academic motivation, and academic achievement may be particularly important among African American high school students as friends become more influential during adolescence (Brown, 2004; Hughes & Kwok, 2007; Wiggan, 2007).The current research aims to better understand how students' after-school interests, achievement goal orientations, and peer groups might relate with academic achievement. Moreover, to the authors' knowledge this is the first study of its kind to synergistically test for the influence of these factors on students' academic outcomes. In addition, given the recent calls for diverse motivational and education research and the need to mitigate the African American-White achievement gap (e.g., Zusho & Clayton, 2011), the current study examines these factors in a predominantly African American school.After-School InterestsThe skills and knowledge acquired pursuing after-school interests can transfer to students' in-class experiences (Barber, Stone, & Eccles, 2005; Bartko & Eccles, 2003; Eccles & Barber, 1999; Eccles & Gootman, 2002; Lerner, 2004; Lerner et al., 2010; McNeal, 1995; Zarrett et al., 2009). After-school interests can be conceptualized as structured or unstructured interests (Bartko & Eccles, 2003). Structured interest activities, as defined by Eccles and Templeton (2002), are organized, constructive leisure practices such as academic or community based clubs and organized sports. Programs like these provide multiple opportunities for students to gain social, physical, and intellectual skills (Eccles & Templeton, 2002). …

Level of Service Inventory–Revised: Assessing the Risk and Need Characteristics of Australian Indigenous Offenders

Actuarial risk assessments have been criticized for their insensitivity to the unique risk/needs profiles of minority offenders. This study investigated the offender need characteristics and the predictive utility of the Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) for Australian Indigenous offenders. Indigenous offenders scored higher on every LSI-R subscale and the total score compared to non-Indigenous offenders. Indigenous male offenders also indicated specific needs related to education and employment whereas living arrangement and constructive leisure time needs were apparent for female offenders. Associations with antisocial companions provided the best predictor of re-offending for Indigenous male offenders, while familial discord best predicted re-offending for Indigenous female offenders. Furthermore, issues concerning constructive leisure time were relevant for all Indigenous offenders, but not for non-Indigenous offenders. Results are discussed in terms of the sensitivity debate of generic actuarial risk assessment, cultural differences between offender groups, and implications for treatment/rehabilitation.

Leisure: A Pathway to Love and Intimacy

Individuals with disabilities, regardless of the type or nature of their condition, are likely to face certain challenges as they seek a high quality of life. Participation in healthy and constructive leisure should be an important and meaningful part of every person's life. Whether considered as free time away from work, a set of activities chosen for relaxation, recreation or enjoyment, or simply a 'state of mind' to which one escapes for peace or reflection, leisure is valued by people as an important feature of life. Leisure and recreation activities also serve as the primary means by which people come into contact with one another and form relationships and eventually opportunities for sexual expression. This article discusses important issues related to people with disabilities and quality of life as it relates to the role of leisure in sexuality. Specifically, definitions and historical perspectives of leisure are shared, components of leisure and barriers to leisure are addressed, information about the discipline of recreation therapy is presented, and the impact of leisure on disability and sexuality is explored.

The psychological health of employed and unemployed recent graduates as a function cognitive appraisal and of coping

In the literature on the effects of unemployment on graduates two competing hypothesis have found support. On one hand graduates have higher expectations about status and occupational identity, hence being unemployed should be more distressing. On the other hand graduates have access to more personal and situational resources and should cope better with the stress of unemployment. In a study of 181 recent graduates it was found that those who were employed (n = 88) scored higher on both somatization and intepersonal sensitivity than those who were unemployed (n = 93). A large percentage also reported not being in the job to which they aspired and scored low on job commitment. The unemployed graduates had a more positive approach to probem-solving, higher achievement motivation, more perceived social support, were more assertive, and felt less hopeless than their employed peers. They also engaged in more constructive leisure activities than the employed group. The data provide tentative support for the hypothesis that graduates are better at coping with unemployment. However the indication is that any advantage to be gained is ralative to the type of job occupied by the employed group to whom they are compared. The general conclusion is that opting for a job which does not meet axpectations or aspirations may be more psychologically damaging in the short term than being unemployed and hopeful. This is a function of the individual's vulnerability or resistance to stress and highlights the need for graduates to be prepared more effectively for the path to a career

Leisure and Career Development

Journal of Counseling & DevelopmentVolume 64, Issue 3 p. 218-218 Leisure and Career Development Patsy B. Edwards, Patsy B. Edwards Constructive Leisure Los Angeles, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author Patsy B. Edwards, Patsy B. Edwards Constructive Leisure Los Angeles, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1985 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1985.tb01085.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume64, Issue3November 1985Pages 218-218 RelatedInformation

Social Validation of Leisure Activities Training with Severely Handicapped Youth

Educators and recreators emphasize the importance of a constructive leisure time repertoire for successful adjustment of severely handicapped persons to integrated community environments. The prese...

Follow-up results of a behavior modification program for juvenile drug addicts

Abstract A behavior modification program designed to eliminate drug abuse among young addicts is described. Of 89 clients (31 female) treated, 21 were discharged as planned and 68 terminated prematurely. Approximately one third of the total sample was drug free at each follow-up interview up to 2 yr following termination. Among those completing the program and receiving normal discharge the success rate was much higher (80%). An analysis of relapse attitudes revealed greater drug craving and higher perceived relapse-provoking power of stimuli among those clients continuing to use hard drugs. No significant differences between drug-free and drug-using clients were found at follow-up with regard to improvement on work and social competence variables. Problems with partner relationships showed no improvement and some exacerbation during follow-up. Drug-free clients showed more improvement on number of constructive leisure time activities than did drug users. The causal direction of relationship between drug use and other life problems is uncertain. The importance of aftercare is emphasized.