Construction Time Performance Research Articles

Connected Dominating Set Construction Using the Hunger Games Search Optimisation Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a significant role in monitoring changes in the physical environment, relying on a subset of designated nodes known as the Connected Dominating Set (CDS) to facilitate communication and serve as the network's virtual backbone for routing and clustering. Despite the various algorithms for CDS construction, the challenges persist in terms of construction cost and scalability. In this context, this paper introduces the utilisation of the Hunger Games Search Optimisation Algorithm (HGSOA) for Connected Dominating Set Construction in Wireless Sensor Networks (HGSOA-CDS-WSN). The primary intention of this paper is “to develop a technique capable of constructing small-sized CDS with reduced construction costs, particularly suitable for uniformly or randomly distributed nodes”. The proposed HGSOA-CDS-WSN method is implemented in MATLAB based on various metrics. The results are compared with those of existing techniques, such as the Parallel Structure from Motion for UAV Pictures using Weighted CDS (PSfM-CDS-WSN), Polyhedra Associated with Locating-Dominating, Open Locating-Dominating, and Locating Total-Dominating Sets in Graphs (PAL-CDS-WSN), and Sustainable Maintenance of Connected Dominating Set by Solar Energy Harvesting for Internet of Things Networks (SHE-CDS-WSN). The proposed technique achieves lower delay by 13.24%, 25.64%, and 9.96%, and higher throughput by 18.34%, 24.55%, and 23.04% compared to the existing methods. This systematic evaluation underscores the efficacy and superiority of the proposed HGSOA-CDS-WSN technique in terms of connected dominating set size, construction time, energy efficiency, network stability, and overall performance, highlighting its potential to advance wireless sensor network applications.

Machine Learning Model for Construction Time Prediction: A Case of Selected Public Building Projects in Hosanna, Ethiopia

The duration of a construction project is a vital factor to consider before the commencement of the new project. Nowadays, the common problem in the construction industry is time overrun. The main reason for this is the poor prediction of construction contract durations. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate and validate Bromilow’s time‐cost model and Love et al.’s time‐floor model to estimate early project durations for public building construction projects in the Hadiya Zone. The study also suggested an alternative duration machine learning prediction model by considering possibly influential project influencing factors. A questionnaire survey is designed to collect data, and subsequently, the study was performed using the Python programming language for development and validation purposes with different libraries used. The study developed Bromilow’s time‐cost model using a simple linear regression algorithm and Love et al.’s time‐floor model using a multiple linear regression algorithm and proposed a parametric model using random forest, XGBoost, decision tree, K‐nearest neighbor, and polynomial regression algorithms. This study extends the body of knowledge related to construction time performance, and it contributes valuable insights that inform the implementation of machine learning model for construction time prediction.

The impacts of 5D-Building Information Modeling on construction's Time and cost performance

The construction sector is essential to a country's economic growth and development. This is why the construction of building projects is one of the most pressing concerns for the Indonesian government. The industrial sector has become increasingly dynamic and responsive to the challenges of building projects due to technological advancements. One example is the Building Information Modelling (BIM) 5D, an emerging technology integrating project implementation time and costs into a 3D model. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the success factors of BIM 5D implementation on the time and cost performance of high-rise building construction projects at Campus-II UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. This was achieved through a quantitative research method using a questionnaire completed by 62 respondents: the project manager, site manager, engineering head, and site engineer. Moreover, descriptive statistics were utilized to examine the frequency distribution of concentration measures and data distribution on sample characteristics and variables. The findings showed that the factors of tender document, human resources, BIM software, planning process and production process simultaneously positively affected the construction project's cost and time performance.

Integrated Performance Model for Building Construction Projects in Higher Institutions, Southwest Nigeria

Performance of construction projects is a crucial driver of economic growth and infrastructural development in Nigeria, but there is still a need for a tool that can accurately analyze construction project performance from the design stage through construction and completion. This study developed a performance model for building construction projects in higher institutions, Southwest Nigeria. Literature was reviewed to identify the previous performance measurement parameters and were classified into sixteen by pilot survey. Qualitative research approach was adopted and a structured questionnaire was administered to 394 project stakeholders and 297 (75.38%) were retrieved from respondents. Mean Score, Kuskal wallis test, analysis of variance and least significant difference post hoc test was used to determine the convergence and divergent views of the stakeholders. Factor analysis as data reduction method via principal component extraction was used to classify project performance into five categories. The study’s findings indicate that client satisfaction with the project (MS = 3.833), Construction time predictability (MS = 3.845) and construction cost predictability (MS = 3.832) were ranked as the top three performance index. From the result of the reliability analysis, project performance was loaded into five (5) integrated factors; construction management, stakeholder management, quality, cost and time performance indicators. It is hereby recommended that client satisfaction, accurate time estimate and good cost forecast should be considered when executing building construction projects to enhance performance. It is also recommended that attention should be given to the five integrated performance indices during construction of building projects to improve performance..

Factors influencing construction time performance of prefabricated house building: A multi-case study

Developing prefabricated house building is an important strategy to realize sustainable construction of urban human settlement environment. The frequent occurrence of poor construction time performance in practice has become a major obstacle to the development of prefabricated house building. However, we do not know much about the key factors and internal mechanisms that affect the construction time performance of prefabricated house building. To fill the gap, we examined six cases in China to identify the underlying influencing factors and their internal mechanisms by using a multi-case study method. The results show that project technology system and project delivery system are the two key factors affecting the construction time performance of prefabricated house building. In particular, we find that different types of project complexity (i.e., product, process and organizational complexity) may play a mediating role in the relationships. The results also show that construction time performance differences across modes of project technology system and project delivery system are associated with their management of prefabricated house building project complexity. The findings advance our understanding of time performance and project complexity management of prefabricated house building project in theory, and provide useful implications for policy-making and project practices to promote the development of prefabricated building in practice.

Perbandingan Perkerasan kaku Pracetak dan Beton Konvensional dengan Menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

The rigid pavement on many roads is considered as a solution due to the increasing traffic load that requires high performance and durability of the road construction. However, the implementation of rigid pavement takes a longer time to reach its concrete strength until the road operation. Some industries have developed pavement from precast concrete panels to reduce construction time. This paper discusses the comparison of rigid pavement between precast concrete and conventional concrete. Two road sections are Jalan Margomulyo Surabaya using precast-concrete-pavement and Jalan Semarang-Jambu using conventional-concrete-pavement chosen as research objects. Cost, construction time, serviceability, and traffic performance are the four variables reviewed in this study analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method with considers 15 competent experts as respondents. Based on the analysis shows that a road improvement project by using precast-pavement is more effective and efficient with a score of 58.42 %, while the score of conventional concrete is 41.58 %.

A parallel construction method based on linear hierarchical bounding box without stack

The intersect operation of geometry is a common method of collision detection. To achieve a fast intersect operation, a hierarchical bounding box must be quickly constructed. This paper proposes an effective space division method for constructing high-quality linear hierarchical bounding boxes through ray tracing. This method can generate more regular axial bounding boxes into a complete binary tree. This structure can be completely parallel on the GPU, and effective parallelization can ensure the fastest tree-building time. The algorithm in this paper uses a non-stack ray tracing method to increase the frame rate of the 3D model rendering in the graphics processing unit and reduce the construction time of the bounding box. The experimental analysis of construction time, frame rate, average number of intersections and other performance indicators, the experimental results show that the use of stack-free midpoint splitting method and surface heuristic splitting method to ensure rapid construction time and efficient ray traversal performance, improve the object’s light traversal efficiency.

Identification of Extreme Risk Factors for Construction Time and Cost Performance in Surabaya Housing

The importance level of risk throughout the construction progress is apparently inherit tendermous impact on the ultimate project performance and client satisfaction. Such determination level of risk in terms of frequency, time risk as well as cost effect to be perceived from two perspectives, owner and contractor, is inventably crucial to be researched, primarily for housing construction in Surabaya. This study was conducted by applying a survey through some questionnaires to observe 30 risks that have been identified from the previous literature. Total respondents involved were 69 respondents consisting of 29 respondents representing the owner / developer and 40 respondents representing the contractor. The results of this research, as from owners’ perspective, shows bad weather was the most common risk, followed by contractors’ financial difficulties which has the utmost impact on time and increasing material price takes major part on costs respectively. Whereas according to the contractor, design changes from consultants / owners are the most frequent risks, design changes from consultants / owners have prominent impact on time and lastly worker productivity also siginificantly reinforces expense factor.

Robotic 3D clay printing of prefabricated non-conventional wall components based on a parametric-integrated design

3D Printing (3DP) techniques and materials applied in construction-scale are currently under constant investigation, with notable results published at research and experimental level. While their great importance has been discussed extensively, very scarce detailed research has been published on 3DP parameters that are incorporated into the design process at an early stage to assess their impact on 3D printing performance, focusing on geometric conformity aspects. This work aims to provide a comprehensive parametric design investigation, driven by 3DP parameters, related to infill and overhang control, which can enhance a deeper understanding of their use in construction scale of non-conventional wall components, placing emphasis on construction time performance minimization. To this end, the paper initially illustrates the development of a parametric-integrated algorithm for toolpath planning and 3DP control using an industrial robot, capable of being universally adjusted based on open-source extruders with small, medium and large nozzle diameters. In this study, earth and clay-based materials are chosen because of their lower environmental impact and recyclability compared to concrete-based materials. Secondly, important printing parameters for toolpath planning, robotic and nozzle control, as well as robotic printing time, are presented and discussed in detail through 3DP experimental tests and a non-conventional wall study. The correlation of parameters in the early stage of design allows the assessment of their effectiveness to be used in construction-scale of non-conventional geometries towards minimization of 3DP time performance.

Development of Risk-Based Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Standard to Improve Scheduling Planning of Airport Construction Work

The airport development project is included in the list of National Strategic Projects of Indonesia stipulated in Presidential Regulation no.58/2017. The Government is committed to realize the economic independence by increase infrastructure development and one of them by moving the economic sector that must be supported by one of which is the construction of the airport in areas that can spur economic impact. However in practice, there is often a delay in the process of implementing airport construction that negatively impacts stakeholders related to the project. So it takes good and correct airport project management to eliminate this phenomenon. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a project activities decomposition of which are broken down into several work elements based on the hierarchy. WBS makes project management better so that risks to time performance weakness can be anticipated and managed at the resources level. This study aims to develop risk-based WBS standards to improve airport project construction time performance. The results of this study are WBS standards, implementation methods, activities, potential hazard risks, scheduling planning using risk-based WBS standards, WBS dictionaries and WBS checklists on airport construction work, as an effort in preventing, reducing or eliminating the potential events resuting in delays.

Economic assessment of nuclear electricity from VVER-1000 reactor deployment in a developing country

The decision of policymakers in developing countries to introduce nuclear power to their energy mix has been mainly conversant with the low generation cost of nuclear electricity and its competitiveness with alternative conventional and renewable sources. This paper presents an economic assessment of the levelized cost of VVER-1000 reactors deployment in a newcomer developing country, taking Jordan as an example. This paper applies recent engineering procurement and construction (EPC) cost; observed construction time and plant performance, cost escalation rates, owner cost, and real discount rates in developing countries to calculate the levelized cost of electricity. The obtained results estimate the levelized cost of nuclear generation to be between $212.32 and $277.56 per MWh. However, evidence and sensitivity analysis presented in this paper suggest that the levelized cost vary considerably and may endup being as high as $610.09 per MWh or as low as $144.81 per MWh, this is mainly due to its sensitivity to unpredictable input parameters, which in turn has significant policy implications.

Ray-Box Culling for Tree Structures *

Ray-primitive intersection tests are the most important operations in ray tracing. The ray-box culling algorithm was presented to accelerate these intersection tests on grid structures, but this algorithm has not been widely used due to the poor ray traversal performance of the grid structures themselves. In this paper, we demonstrate how to apply this algorithm to tree structures and investigate its efficiency in terms of tree construction time and ray traversal performance. Experimental results show that our approach achieves up to 1.15× faster ray tracing performance and up to 1.22× faster total rendering performance, including tree construction and ray tracing.

Design of a construction management data visualization environment: A top–down approach

Explored in this paper is the topic of designing a construction management (CM) data visualization environment with emphasis on its use for supporting the time management function during the planning and execution phases of construction projects which are characterized by sizeable volumes of data of different types. A brief overview of recent construction data visualization work is first provided. Then, as part of a top–down design approach, we introduce concepts and useful terminology related to a structured way of thinking about analytical reasoning and visual analytics, and their relationship with construction management functions. The focus of the latter then shifts to how a construction data visualization environment can support project participant analytical reasoning needs for the management of time, specifically planning/predicting and monitoring/diagnosing/controlling construction conditions and time performance. A case study of aspects of an actual project examined using the construction data visualization environment developed to date is then presented. Purposes served include demonstrating the breadth of support that can be offered for reasoning by such an environment, and providing a test case for demonstrating the kind of evaluation process one should engage in to assess how well an environment conforms to the requirements set out for it. Time management functions treated for this case study include assessing quality of a baseline schedule, assessing actual vs. planned construction conditions and time performance, and assessing reasons for deviations. An evaluation of the current environment is then made to assess conformance/non-conformance with the requirements established for it and to identify worthwhile extensions to it. The paper concludes with a discussion of lessons learned from work performed to date, and their application to create a more comprehensive visualization environment that supports multiple CM functions.

Improving building project performance: how buildability benchmarking can help

Although the buildability of building designs has not been commonly taken as an important parameter in design quality assessment, previous studies have linked buildability to time, cost, quality and safety performance in many ways. Based on this observation, the question arises of how buildability can be benchmarked and which aspects of project performance can be improved. After identifying available benchmarking tools, the relative correlations are investigated between different buildability attributes and construction performance in terms of time, cost, quality and safety. Based on a questionnaire survey, it was found that construction time performance has strong positive correlations with buildability in the design of external wall elements, simplicity of assembly and installation considerations, while other design attributes affect cost, quality and safety performance to varying degrees. With this understanding, it is postulated that best practice can be promoted among design teams for enhancing buildability, which would in turn raise project performance. Three experienced practitioners have been interviewed for verifying the practicality of buildability benchmarking. As an incentive to improve buildability, benchmarking would help construction stakeholders reap their desired benefits by focusing on the related design attributes in the pre‐construction stage, particularly for functionally oriented buildings.

FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF COST AND TIME FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

It is commonly accepted that construction cost, time and quality performance has been regarded as the major success factors for a construction project. With the increasing use of innovative contracts in highway construction, the relationship between construction cost and time has become more crucial than ever. Improved control of time value has become necessary, for quantifying the functional relationship between construction cost and time. This study explores the functional relationship between highway construction cost and time. Data from projects of the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) in the US is utilized to develop and illustrate the quantifying model. The proposed model provides State Highway Agencies (SHAs) and contractors with increased control and understanding regarding the time value of highway construction projects.

Factors influencing the construction time of civil engineering projects in Malaysia

PurposeThe objectives of this paper are to determine the current level of construction time performance of public sector projects; and to identify variables related to project characteristics and variables associated with excusable delay that have significant effects on the construction time performance of public sector civil engineering projects in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a quantitative approach. Original contract duration and actual contract duration of 244 projects were collected from project files to assess current level of CTP. Variables related to project characteristics and excusable delays were then regressed against time performance index using multiple regression analysis to identify variables that had significant relationships with construction time performance.FindingsThe construction time performance of the public projects in Malaysia was found to be affected more by variables related to excusable delays than project characteristic variables.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is focused on public sector civil engineering projects limited to irrigation and drainage, road and sewerage projects where building was not included.Practical implicationsExcusable delays were found to be common causes of delay in significant numbers of public projects.Originality/valueThe variables that were found to be significant should be given attention by planners and designers in order to minimize the occurrence of delay in public projects.

Developing a benchmark model for project construction time performance in Hong Kong

Construction time has been acknowledged by construction researchers and industry practitioners over the past three decades as one of the most important performance criteria of many successful projects. This raises an increasing global concern about benchmarking best practice measures of construction time performance (CTP) for use by clients, consultants and contractors in the construction industry. Previously derived statistical time models were first reviewed in this paper. A questionnaire survey was then undertaken to identify a set of critical factors influencing construction durations of high-rise public housing projects in Hong Kong. Data were gleaned from a representative sample of 56 standard ‘Harmony’-type residential blocks via mailed standard questionnaires. Multiple regression exercises were performed to analyse the project data and establish a prediction model. The results suggested that the overall construction duration of such projects could be modelled on the basis of a set of scope factors, construction method and housing scheme chosen. Predicted durations calculated from the developed model were then compared and assessed against actual durations achieved on-site. The concept of CTP index, which represents the predicted durations of individual projects relative to their actual observed durations, was applied as a useful means for evaluating and benchmarking their CTP. Practical applications of the developed model were also explained. Another construction time prediction model is envisaged to be formulated for private sector housing blocks in Hong Kong for local and international comparisons.

A Benchmark Model for Construction Duration in Public Housing Developments

Construction time has been perceived to be one of the most essential performance indicators among numerous successful projects. Considerable effort has been dedicated to the issue of how to benchmark best practice measures of construction time performance (CTP) for use in the construction industry. An industry-wide survey was launched to identify a set of critical factors affecting construction durations of high-rise public housing projects in Hong Kong. Data was derived from a representative sample of 56 standard ‘Harmony’ type residential blocks via mailed standard questionnaires. A multiple regression technique was applied to data analysis and model development. The results indicated that a benchmark model for predicting the durations of various primary work packages could be generated based on a group of significant variables identified. The testing and validity of the developed model was conducted using further project data obtained from the client organisation and confirmed significant. The model usefulness to future public housing developments was also highlighted. The regression model serves as an essential tool for benchmarking an optimum time estimate for delivery of a public housing project. A comprehensive study is currently being undertaken for private sector housing blocks in Hong Kong by adopting similar research methodology, for national and international comparisons.

Construction time performance: an evaluation of contractors from Japan, the UK and the US

Construction time performance: an evaluation of contractors from Japan, the UK and the US

Construction time performance: an evaluation of contractors from Japan, the UK and the US

International comparisons of contractor performance allow contractors in different countries to distinguish their own strengths and weaknesses and improve their competitiveness accordingly. Based on a survey of contractors in Japan, the UK and the US, contractor time performance is evaluated and compared. It is found that Japanese contractors achieve shorter construction times and higher levels of time certainty than their UK and US counterparts. Furthermore, anticipated delays are far shorter in Japan and levels of client satisfaction are significantly higher than in the US and UK. The superior performance of Japanese contractors may be attributed to their working practices which were characterized by the use of a larger workforce on site, detailed planning, close working relationships with their subcontractors, and an overriding focus on time certainty.