Construction Of Water Supply System Research Articles

The Use of Augmented Reality Technologies and Georeferencing Data for the Construction of Water Supply Systems

The use of mobile devices, especially smartphones and mobile technology has increased significantly. Accordingly, various applications have been developed to meet the needs of mobile users, which include navigation. The integration of these applications with maps and various localization technologies such as augmented reality (AR) will improve the reliability of navigation systems for wayfinding under certain constraints. AR allows the user to experience an interactive environment by observing the real world augmented by digital objects. However, this technology cannot store and control data. A geospatial information system (GIS) provides storage, visualization, and analysis of geospatial data that can be used to address the challenges and shortcomings of AR. In addition, the capabilities offered by GIS can be useful for achieving sustainability goals in areas such as effective planning and resource allocation. Traditional GIS, especially two-dimensional maps, provide a weak intuitive experience for users, leading to difficulties in interpreting the map and reaching conclusions. Therefore, AR can be used as a bridge between 2D and 3D visualization. The involvement of GIS in human activities and the transition of AR use from traditional terrain outreach to industrial applications makes it worthwhile to integrate GIS with AR to benefit from the two technologies simultaneously. The simultaneous visualization of real and virtual geospatial information leads to an interactive approach. The paper analyzes the capabilities of augmented reality and geo-referenced data approaches for the construction of water systems, describes their weaknesses and strengths, notes the main characteristics of the logistic regression algorithm and considers the tasks performed by this algorithm. A comparative analysis of the algorithms is carried out.

The Analysis of Variants of Water Supply Systems in Multi-Family Residential Building

Abstract Climate change, improper use of water resources, surface waters pollution as well as increase of water requirements are the results of growing population of people in the world. It causes water deficiency in majority of countries in the world, including Poland. Due to the water pollution advanced technologies for its treatment are in demand, what leads to increase of water price. In this connection, there are more often taken actions to reduce water consumption by using rainwater to flush toilets, wash cars, do laundry or water green areas. This publication presents results of Life Cycle Cost analysis of two variants of water supply systems designed for multi-family residential building situated in Rzeszow. In line with LCC methodology the calculations were made throughout the whole life-cycle of the building considering initial investment outlays intended for construction of water supply system as well as operation and maintenance costs. In the first of analyzed variants it was assumed that the system would be fed by municipal water supply network. In the second variant rainwater harvesting system for domestic use was additionally applied. Rainwater stored in the tank would be used in sanitary installation to flush toilets, what leads to lowering the costs of municipal water purchase, reducing fees for rainwater discharge to sewage system and consequently is beneficial for financial standing of the examined building.

Construction of Water Supply Systems in Shanxi Province, China, under the Japanese Occupation

Construction of Water Supply Systems in Shanxi Province, China, under the Japanese Occupation

Making Sanitation a Clean Habit: A School Sanitation Project in India

Introduction: Access to safe water and sanitation is a fundamental human right. In India, despite programmatic interventions poor access to safe drinking water and hygiene habits affect 38 million annually with water borne diseases & 1.5 million children die of diarrhea[1]. A Sanitation Project (WOTR 2008) explored the role of school children as effective change agents. Going further from the initial project, WOTR[2], India implemented a School Sanitation Project in 24 villages in Maharashtra state, covering 66 schools in 2011. Methodology: The project aimed at creating a hygiene culture among children by promoting healthy behavior with structural interventions. The study included school children from 3 to 13 yrs. Structural interventions included construction of water supply system, drainage, solid waste management & toilets. Behavioral interventions included teaching children water management & sanitary practices. Cluster workshops for school teachers and community members were held to ensure continuity. Village Education Committee[3] was the main stakeholder of project. Results: All schools were provided secured water supply, school children have started using the sanitation facilities hence, open air defecation is almost nil. Water supply systems are operated & maintained by children and school authorities that ensure sustainability. Hygienic sanitary practices are found to spill over to homes. Girls are comfortable attending schools as separate toilets are available. Healthy habits ensure increased school attendance and performance. Conclusion: Children are effective change agents ensuring sustainability. School sanitation projects should optimally utilize student resource to ensure a healthy and productive generation. Addressing water and sanitation play a big role in adapting to climate change. [1] Drinking water quality in rural India: Issues and approaches: Background paper, Water Aid [2] WOTR- Watershed Organization Trust [3] Village Education Committee- a local legal institution subcommittee of Gram Panchyat

The Influence from Water Supply System to the Overall Layout of the Residential Building in Village

Water is a basic resource for the development of human civilization, its the lifeblood of agriculture and the whole economic development. With the development of economy, the improvement of production and living needs, all aspects of water resources is more strict requirements are put forward. In this paper, we will discuss the aspects of the construction of water supply system to discuss effects on rural residential construction layout.

A Senegal Village Water Supply Project

ABSTRACTThis Project Describes a rural water supply project in Senegal, West Africa, carried out in phases by Balfours, during the period 1983‐88.The first phase was a study, followed by detailed survey, construction works and borehole drilling.The scheme was financed by a $6 million grant from the Overseas Development Administration (ODA). British equipment such as the vehicles, pumps, elevated sectional steel water towers, pipes and fittings, were purchased and shipped to Senegal by the Crown Aents.Balfours designed, specified, and supervised the construction of water supply systems in 18 villages in Senegal comprising deep boreholes, pumping plant, elevated sectional steel water towers, and limited piped distribution systems. In order to ensure a full understanding of the project by the people it was to serve, and because major international contractors were unwilling to bid for a project which was scattered across a large area of Senegal, the work was carried out by direct labour, much of which was recruited in the villages in which the works were located. About 85000 people and 250000 cattle and sheep were provided with safe, reliable supplies of clean drinking water, as a result of the project.

Basic trends in the development of hydromechanization in hydraulic and power construction

1. Experience confirms that use of hydromechanization in hydraulic construction can be significantly expanded, particularly in building unique dams from local materials, and in the construction of water-supply systems for nuclear power plants and large thermal electric plants and projects involving the engineering protection of reservoirs. 2. The most effective engineering solutions that govern the specifics of the use of hydromechanization facilities and significantly increase the technicoeconomic construction indicators may be ensured by the combined efforts of the designers of the hydraulic structures and the hydraulicking engineers. 3. The widespread use of designs of impounding dams for the cooling ponds required by nuclear and thermal power plants and the dikes that protect reservoirs with spread wave-damping embankments should, among other things, be referred to as one of the basic trends toward increasing construction efficiency; this will make it possible to reduce sharply the volumes of work and the demand for labor and material resources in preparing foundations and installing stabilization measures. From these positions, dam-design standards currently in effect should be defined more precisely. 4. Hydraulic projects involving water-supply systems for nuclear and thermal power plants must be planned with the widespread utilization of leading experience and the unification of progressive solutions. 5. The further development of hydromechanization places urgent emphasis on the task of organizing a scientific-research and structural center for the building and refinement of special equipment.