Water-saving Society Construction Research Articles

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Water-Saving Society Construction in Xinxiang, Henan Province, China

Water is a crucial and fundamental resource. It is well known that agricultural cultivation, industrial production, and human daily life are not possible without water. Efficiently utilizing water resources is of great significance for achieving global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In order to improve water use efficiency in various industries and promote water-saving development, China has been implementing water-saving society construction since 2002. Henan Province is the main grain-producing area in China, with wheat production accounting for a quarter of the country’s total. As the core area of “Central Plains Agricultural Valley” in Henan Province, Xinxiang City plays an important role in agricultural technology innovation and agricultural production. However, Xinxiang City is facing problems of water scarcity and pollution, which constrain the sustainability of agricultural production. Therefore, building a water-saving society can solve the current water problems faced by Xinxiang City and ensure the sustainable development of the economy and society. This study built an evaluation index system for water-saving society construction in Xinxiang, Henan Province, China. The proposed evaluation index system includes 20 evaluation indices from six aspects—integrated, agricultural water, industrial water, domestic water, water ecology and environment, and water-saving management—and then divides its development level into several stages. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was adopted to calculate the index weight. Then, a comprehensive evaluation model for water-saving society construction in Xinxiang City was established by combining it with grey relative analysis (GRA). The results showed that the overall level of water-saving society construction in Xinxiang City is in the excellent stage, whereas water consumption per CNY 10,000 of GDP, the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water, the reuse rate of industrial water, and the leakage rate of urban water supply network are all in the good stage. However, the urban recycled water utilization rate is still in the poor stage. These research results can effectively and reasonably reflect the development level of water-saving society construction in Xinxiang City and guide the continued implementation of water-saving society construction. At the same time, the comprehensive evaluation of water-saving society construction helps to formulate and adjust water resource management policies and measures; it also holds significant value for sustainable water management and combating water scarcity.

Calculation model and case study of water saving in typical colleges and universities

In this paper, a model of “intake quantity of water in the base period – the number of students using water” is constructed in typical colleges and universities, and a typical case study and analysis are carried out. The model takes into account the type of college students and the time in school, which provides a scientific calculation method for the calculation of water-saving amount in colleges and universities, and plays an important role in promoting the construction of water-saving colleges and universities and the construction of water-saving society.

A Comprehensive Post Evaluation of the Implementation of Water-Saving Measures in Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China

Water resource is an important foundation to support industrial and agricultural production, in the maintenance of national energy security role is irreplaceable. Water conservation and the effective use of water resources are essential for achieving sustainable development in China. The construction of water-saving society is a prerequisite for realizing efficient utilization of water resources and an important strategic development for moving towards environment-friendly society. This study established an index system to evaluate the implementation of water-saving measures in Xiangtan, Hunan province, China. The index system incorporated five aspects: (1) comprehensiveness; (2) agricultural water; (3) industrial water; (4) domestic water, and; (5) aquatic ecology and environmental management. Analytic hierarchy (AH) was used to determine the weights of indices, and AH was integrated with grey relative analysis to establish a comprehensive system for the evaluation of the water-saving measures in Xiangtan. The results showed that the implementation of water-saving measures in Xiangtan is generally progressing well. However, industrial added value water consumption per 10,000-yuan remains at the primary stage and wastewater reuse remains limited. In addition, water use per 10,000-yuan gross domestic product, the coverage of water-saving irrigation projects, industrial wastewater reuse, and the leakage rate of urban water supply network remain at an intermediate stage. The result of this study can scientifically reflect the level of the water-saving measures in place in Xiangtan and could guide future implementation of water saving measures in Xiangtan and in other cities.

Design of index and standard system of water-saving carriers in Jinhua City

According to the needs of water-saving carrier construction and assessment in the process of national water-saving society innovation pilot in Jinhua City, the index system, construction standard and assessment method of water-saving carrier construction are analysed and studied. Combined with the water-saving demand of urban and rural life, this paper puts forward the evaluation mode of four construction carriers of Jinhua water-saving community, school, organ and institution, hospital, which provides support for the construction of water-saving society in Jinhua City.

Study on Some Countermeasures of Water-saving Society Construction in Shuyang County

Study on Some Countermeasures of Water-saving Society Construction in Shuyang County

Evaluation of water security based on capacity for socio-economic regulation

Abstract From the perspective of social and economic regulation, the development trend of regional water security in different periods and under different regulation strengths is evaluated by using the fuzzy set pair analysis method. The results show: the degree of regional water resources security changes from insecurity in the pilot period of water-saving society construction to basic security, and then to security in the planning period, with the enhancement of economic and social regulation. The order of importance of each index is C19 > C1 = C5 > C18 > C14 > C10 > C13 > C3 = C4 > C8 > C7 > C15 > C16 > C12 > C2 > C11 > C17 > C6 > C9, the long-term shortage of water resources is the most important factor, the contribution rate is 60%, but the index weight of economic and social coordination ability is large, and its rapid change causes the improvement of water resources security; the contradiction between the regulation intensity of social and economic indicators in the planning year and the demand for water resources is not matched, and the degree of water security is mainly restricted by the shortage of regional water resources.

Evaluating the effectiveness of the water-saving society construction in China: A quasi-natural experiment

The conservation and efficient use of water resources are directly related to the sustainable and high-quality development in China. This paper regards the pilot policy of water-saving society construction as a quasi-natural experiment, and employs a differences-in-differences approach to evaluate the effectiveness of urban water-saving policies and exploit its drive mechanism by using the panel data of 263 cities in China from 2001 to 2016. Findings show that the pilot policy of water-saving society construction can achieve better water-saving effects, which can not only promote the reduction of urban water consumption in intensity and total amount, but also improve the efficiency of water resources utilization. And this policy has brought long-term dynamic effects on the urban water resources conservation. Heterogeneous effects exist in different types of cities, that is, the water-saving performance is more significant in cities with sufficient water resources and in central China. Besides, this paper finds that the impact of this water-saving policy on urban water resource conservation is mainly through two channels such as water resources infrastructure investment and water resources pricing. These findings provide useful inspirations for local governments to take effective economic measures to manage water resources.

Driving factors of water use change based on production and domestic dimensions in Jiangsu, China.

Water resource shortage has become a major bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of China's economy and society. Identifying the driving factors of water use is helpful to put forward suggestions of water-saving society construction. This paper takes Jiangsu province as example and adopts LMDI (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) method to decompose the driving factors of water use change. We find that the production intensity effect and the industrial structure effect are the two dominating factors that induce the decline of total water use. Economic development effect is the most important factor to promote the increase of total water use, and domestic intensity effect is the secondary factors except for 2000-2003 period. Population scale effect on the total water use is relatively weak. The domestic intensity effect is the primary factor to promote the increase of domestic water use; the urbanization effect is a secondary factor to promote the increase of domestic water use. Based on the research conclusions, the corresponding water-saving policy is put forward.

Some Thoughts on the Establishment of Water-saving Society at County Level in Haining City

Since Haining was listed in the first batch of counties in Zhejiang Province to build water-saving society up to the national standards, water-saving work has been carried out in all directions and from many angles, and remarkable results have been achieved. During the construction of water-saving society at County level, a series of measures such as strengthening organization and leadership, improving water resources management system, increasing investment and expanding propaganda have achieved remarkable results in water resources protection and conservation, and successfully passed the acceptance of the first batch of national water-saving society at county level organized by Zhejiang Water Resources Department. Through summing up experience, it can provide reference for the construction of water-saving society in similar areas.

Research on construction of Water-saving Society in Source District of Qiantang River—a Case from Changshan County

Changshan County is located in source District of Qiantang River. As a water-rich area in the province, it is the first to explore the creation of a water-saving society. Under the systematic analysis of the Changshan County area, the goal of creating a water-saving society is proposed. The analysis of the construction results can be the source of the Qiantang River. Building a water-saving society to provide practical management experience and technical methods is of great significance to the practical value and leading role of water-saving society construction

Spatial decomposition analysis of water intensity in China

The shortage of water resources has become a burning issue constraining China's sustained development with significant differences in water intensity among regions and provinces. Quantifying the driving effect of spatial differences in the country's water intensity is very important to the dual implementation actions of water resources and intensity in each region. Spatial analysis reveals the variations among regions, identifies contributing factors, and helps us to better understand the scope for improvement compared to temporal analysis. This paper constructs a Spatial Index Decomposition Analysis (S-IDA) model based on the conventional IDA model referenced in the literature and divides China into six regions according to The 13th Five-Year Plan of Water-Saving Society Construction. We mainly examine the following four parts. First, the driving factors of the spatial difference of water intensity in the six regions are decomposed into intensity effect and structure effect. Second, we measure three industrial differences of the intensity effect and the structure effect in the six regions. Third, we decompose the drivers of the spatial differences of water intensity for provinces within the six regions into the intensity effect and the structure effect. Fourth, we select the results in 2015 to point out the key task of reducing water intensity in the six regions and in all provinces of those regions. The results underscore that each region should formulate and implement a sound water resource policy with differentiation and relevance according to actual conditions and provide a quantitative basis and support system so that regions can learn from each other about specific water-saving measures. These findings provide an insightful understanding of the spatial difference of water intensity and also a quantifiable justification for making building-specific water resources policies, which are discussed at the end of the study.

A study on the spatial and temporal variability of the urban residential water consumption and its influencing factors in the major cities of China

In recent years, urban residential water demand has continually grown with the rapid urbanization in China, which has been the main contributor to the increase of total urban water consumption. The fast growth of urban water consumption poses a great threat to urban water security and sustainable water resources management. To explore the dominant factors influencing the urban residential water consumption and further to propose the effective measures to control the fast growth of water consumption, this study selected the daily water consumption per capita (DWCC) as an indicator to quantitatively characterize the residential water consumption level and analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of DWCC in the period of 2005–2014 based on the data collected from 38 major cities in China. The results showed that the average values of DWCC in the 38 major cities were 141.9 L/d, 159.4 L/d and 129.3 L/d in 2005, 2010 and 2014 respectively. The urban residential water consumption showed a significant decreasing trend in the period of 2005–2014 due to the strategy of water-saving society construction in China. Meanwhile, the DWCC was showing a great spatial variability among different cities, which was much greater in southern cities than that in northern cities. The reason behind this is that the main influencing factors differ greatly among different cities. Based on the path analysis, we also identified the dominant factors influencing the DWCC from the 9 main possible factors. The amount of available water resources, the domestic water price and the usage rate of water-saving appliances are recognized as the dominant influencing factors. At last, the differential countermeasures are proposed to improve the urban water-saving management level and guarantee the urban water security in China.

Drivers of industrial water use during 2003–2012 in Tianjin, China: A structural decomposition analysis

To ease the growing water crisis, Tianjin has pioneered the implementation of the most stringent water management system in China. Presently, Tianjin achieves the highest industrial water efficiency in China. In 2010, Tianjin was named the first “Water-Saving Society Construction Demonstration City” by the Chinese central government. To provide a theoretical basis and supporting data for the construction of “national water-saving cities”, a decomposition method is adopted to quantitatively analyze changing industrial water use in Tianjin. Data are decomposed using a refined Laspeyres model, highlighting changes associated with industrial restructuring, followed by detailed sectoral analysis. There are two distinct stages of industrial water use: before 2008, industrial water use decreased, driven predominantly by technological advances; after 2008, higher industrial output led to greater industrial water use that overshadowed the water savings achieved by technological development. Nevertheless, water efficiency showed limited improvement, despite the increasing industrial scale and output of certain industrial sectors. The findings show that in Tianjin, reduced industrial water use is not the primary objective, but an associated combination of industrial development and structural adjustment.

节水型社会建设在宣威市的实践

宣威市是云南省人口最多的县级市，位于滇东北高寒山区，水利化程度低，水资源开发利用率较低，可利用水资源量较少，水资源匮乏，2010年人均水资源量为1352 m3，人均综合用水量仅为151 m3，水资源供需矛盾成为经济社会发展的重要制约因素。随着曲靖市节水型社会建设试点工作[1]的开展，宣威市结合自身实际情况，大力推行节水型社会建设，实现了节水示范灌区、社区和乡镇建设，并取得了明显的成效,对类似地区开展节水工作和建立节水型社会具有参考作用。 Xuanwei city of Yunnan province is the most populous county-level city, located in cold mountainous area in northeast of Yunnan, has insufficient water resources available in total due to lower irrigation and exploitation levers. The contradiction of water demand and supply has become an important restriction factor for social economy development. The average water resource and comprehensive water usage are 1352 m3 and 151 m3 per person in 2010, respectively. After implemented water-saving society construction [1], pilot water-saving irrigation areas, communities, villages and towns have been estab-lished for the Xuanwei city. This successful practice can be used as references for other similar area.

Study on Multi-Subject Analysis of Water-Saving Society Construction

Proposed construction of the main water-saving society, including government, business (market), social organizations and the general public. Government is the central subject of water-saving society, the enterprise (market) is the body of the efficiency, social organization is the body of the welfare, the public is the foundation subject. By analyzing the operating mechanism of multiple subjects, we can find multiple subjects of water-saving social organization presents network, rather than bureaucracy, according to their nature need to play different roles complement each other, to participate, to construct the corresponding organizational system. From the current practice of water-saving society, the government needs to gradually change its functions, build a government-led water-saving society service system to create a good ambience for the growth and function of other actors.

Agricultural water-saving potential in Guanzhong Irrigation Area in different hydrologic years

There has been a rampant water shortage in the Wei River Basin in recent years, significantly affecting the ecological and economic functions of the river and drastically limiting the socio-economic development of the administrative regions within the basin. Although the respective local/national governments have adopted adjustment strategies of the water use structure, agriculture has remained the biggest water user, accounting for over half of total water use in the basin. Meanwhile, agricultural water use efficiency in the basin has been some 1 kg·m?3, much lower than that in developed countries like Israel and USA. The main reasons for the low agricultural water use efficiency have included low use of advanced technology(e.g., springklers, drop irrigation and mulching), low channel lining rates and high water contamination. In this study, we summarized the current state and trend in agricultural irrigation, calculated the agricultural water-saving potential and then developed a new mode based on current and future crop water requirement. The two main modules of the mode(resource-based water-saving and efficiency-based water-saving) were respectively representative of small-scale and large-scale water analysis. Based on main crops in typical irrigation areas, different water-saving schemes were designed and the water-saving potential of each scheme calculated. The probable water-saving amounts in the nine irrigation districts were analyzed and calculated for different hydrologic years. For instance, in years with water guarantee rates of 25%, 50%, 75% and 95%, agricultural water-saving potentials in Guanzhong Irrigation Area were respectively 30.69 million m3, 111.67 million m3, 117.50 million m3 and 125.21 million m3. Efficiency-based water-saving potential was over 50%, expect for the 25% rate water guarantee condition where it was 42%. Then based on present water-saving technology and planting structure characteristics of the nine irrigation areas, a water-saving mode was put forward which reduced water diversion by 10% and improved agricultural irrigation water use efficiency by 5%. Exploitation of agricultural water-saving potential was the basis for water resources reallocation in the region. This study also laid the base for theoretical and technical support for the development of water-saving irrigated agriculture, planning of water resources reallocation and construction of water-saving society.

The Grey Relational Analysis of Driving Forces for Water Consumed Structure

Grey Relational Analysis is a method of analysis and calculates the relational degree of evaluated object, which can characterize the relational degree between object with viral object. In this paper it was used to analyze the driving forces of water consumed structure change, and YiChang city was selected as an example. Adopted grey relational degree analysis, the main factors were found out. The results showed that industry water utilization rate, irrigation area, urbanization level are the main driving forces, and corresponding water-saving measures were put forward. This study can provide reference for the construction of water-saving society and sustainable utilization of water resource.

The Exploration of Water-Saving in Building Water-Drainage

Through the analysis of the present situation of water-saving in building water supply and drainage in our country to realize that some problems still exist in the water conservation consciousness, water saving technology, water-saving management etc, stating there is great space in water-saving, to ensure the water-saving society construction and save and protect the water resource, we should further improve water saving consciousness, changing the traditional water-using habits and improve water management way; Constantly innovating water-saving technology, researching and promoting water-saving facilities and equipment. dominated by the government, Comprehensive use of publicity and measure of administrative, law, management, economy, education and scientific means, unifying management, configuring scientifically, only this can solve the conflict of supplying and demanding to a certain extent and the lack of water in peak hour, it can ease the tension in water supply and protect the environment, bringing good environmental, social and economic benefits.