Social Construction Of Reality Research Articles

Journalistic Storytelling for Social Justice: A CDA of Global News Coverage of the Otodo Gbame Forced Evictions in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Despite the growing discourse on forced evictions around the world, very limited scholarship has explored the constitution, replication and/or transformation of a discourse of urban development and forced evictions in journalistic work. This study investigates the global news coverage of state-sanctioned forced evictions of Otodo Gbame community in Lagos, Nigeria—with specific attention to journalistic discursive construction of urban development and the reproduction of hierarchies of worth in journalistic work. Critical discourse analysis of 17 journalistic texts published online by national and foreign news media organisations during the Otodo Gbame forced evictions (November 2016–April 2017) revealed journalists positioned Otodo Gbame residents at the bottom of a hierarchical social order and as victims of an unfortunate circumstance without transforming that discourse into possibilities for social and environmental justice. Journalists prioritised institutional voices, used passive construction and detached expressive mode to downplay the social implications of state-sanctioned forced evictions, and reproduced hierarchies of worth in journalism and broader society. Considering journalism plays a crucial role in the social construction of reality, this study offers insights and directions for journalistic role expansion and the transformation of conceived journalistic roles into meaningful practice.

Makna Generasi Sandwich Pada Film Cinta Pertama, Kedua, dan Ketiga (Analisis Semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce)

Indonesia is facing the phenomenon of the sandwich generation, which plays a dual role in the financial affairs of three generations at once. Data from the March 2022 National Socio-Economic Survey shows that 8.4 million Indonesians (62.71%) belong to the sandwich generation. The movie "First, Second, and Third Love" reflects this reality, directed by Gina S. Noer based on a true story. This study applies Charles Sanders Peirce's Semiotic method to analyze triadic signs. The research shows that individuals give meaning to societal experiences by using the Social Reality Construction Theory. The movie becomes a representation of social reality, helping to understand the complexity of the sandwich generation's life in the context of Indonesian families. To break the chain of the sandwich generation that can damage the next generation, priority awareness, implementation of life limit setting, role as an entrepreneur, and increased educational awareness are needed to change the toxic culture.

The Social Construction of Tolerance Discourse through Online Media: Study of NU Online

As the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) plays a major role in maintaining the country's diversity. As we know, intolerance among Indonesians has become a major problem for the nation. This research examines how NU constructs and spreads the value of tolerance through its online media, called “NU Online.” The theory of the social construction of reality, written by Berger and Luckmann, is used as a theoretical framework to depict internalization, objectification, and externalization processes in NU Online while constructing and spreading tolerance issues. Data were collected using a qualitative method, interviewing NU Online's members and editorial teams. The results of this study show that NU has an organizational value that regards tolerance as an important aspect of religious life. Moreover, the Islamic value of NU became a behavioral basis for all NU members, including members of NU Online. This value is called Ahlusunnah Waljamaah. Since becoming NU members, they have been internalized by the Ahlusunnah Waljamaah as a core value of the organization. Furthermore, in NU Online, this value spreads to the public through objectification and externalization processes.

Perilaku Toxic Masculinity di Kalangan Pelajar SMK

Toxic masculinity behavior has become one of the examples of emerging reality in society. It talks about how a teenager male is bound to a long-formed social construction against the determination of attitudes and behaviors that men should be carrying out. Like a man should be strong, not crying, and so on. This study aims to identify toxic masculinity behavior that occurs among SMK students. The method used is qualitative research with a case study approach that is reviewed from Berger and Luckmann's theory of social reality construction and supported by Raewyn Connell's hegemonic masculinity theory. Subjects in this study were students of SMK Bina Karya 1 Karawang who consisted of five informants (three perpetrators and two victims) and selected on the basis of certain criteria. The data collection techniques used are observations, interviews and documentation.The results show that toxic masculinity in reality is based on three stages: externalization, objectification and internalization. At the externalization stage, the role of the family as well as the infancy of the informant becomes an important stage in the formation of their character as a man. Then at the objectivization stage, individuals begin to interact and see the reality that exists in their social environment through the meaning created for men. Lastly, the stage of internalization in which individuals embody existing subjectivity and become part of the members of society as a male.

Digital “habitats”: neighborhood chat as a mechanism of social status construction (the case of housing estates in Irkutsk)

The article analyzes the role and place of neighborhood interaction in messengers in terms of social status construction. The digitalization of everyday life and the expanded construction of multi-apartment housing objects in Russian cities raise many questions for researchers about the peculiarities of social processes and the formation of social structure in these conditions. The aim of the article is to show, based on two years of observation and collected empirical material (more than 60,000 user messages), how the discourse of neighborly discussions of modern apartment complexes in Irkutsk articulates the narrative of social well-being. The main method of research is discourse analysis; the social status of residents seems to us to be an “empty sign” for the filling of which the discourse of neighborhood discussions “struggles.” MAXQDA 2020 software was used to preprocess the text array, preprocessing was done using thematic coding. A number of codes were identified that were somehow related to the problematic under study. The coded set of texts was summarized into three main tropes around which discussions of the topic of interest revolve — financial solvency of community members, material markers of wealth, and the image of residents of neighboring localities. The main theoretical resources used in the research were the ideas of P. Bourdieu and the “social construction of reality” of P. Berger and T. Luckmann. Neighborhood chat seems to us to be a mechanism that allows us to instrumentalize the attributes of social status in textual practices, thus crystallizing the community from within. The main factors determining the self-description and self-image of communities as carriers of high social status were identified as well-being and location in the urban space predetermined at the stage of realization by developers of new real estate.

Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang pada Media Online Detik.com dan Kompas.com

This study aims to analyze the media framing of Detik.com and Kompas.com regarding the Kanjuruhan football riot tragedy in Malang at the end of 2022, with a focus on identifying the framing and media ideologies reflected in online reporting. The research employs the approach of the theory of social reality construction, with data collection through observation, documentation, and a literature review of 20 news articles covering the period from October 2 to October 14, 2022. The research findings reveal that Detik.com emphasizes framing news around the victims, attempting to convey empathy for them, and its reporting tends to be brief and less in-depth. On the other hand, Kompas.com is more oriented toward the development of events and problem resolution, with more informative and comprehensive reporting. The media ideology of Detik.com is more pronounced in its focus on the perspectives of the victims and the quantity of reporting, whereas Kompas.com emphasizes the development of issues and the government's role in resolving the case, with reporting focused on facts and data.

SOCIALIZATION OF DIGITAL TELEVISION BROADCAST TECHNOLOGY CONVERSION (STUDY REGARDING THE REPRESENTATION OF DIGITAL TELEVISION BROADCAST TECHNOLOGY IN OMNIBUS SHORT FILM)

Omnibus Short Films are a collection of several short films that have the same theme. Omnibus Short Film with the Theme Migrasi TV Analog / Omnibus STB consists of 4 (four) Short Films entitled : TV Ini Kubelikan Untuk Anakku Tapi Istriku Marah-Marah, Ningali TV, Mbayar and Menjarah. This research uses the Social Reality Construction Theory which is a theory from Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann (1966). This research method uses the Charles Sanders Pierce Semiotic Method, to research and analyze film texts. Apart from that, the researcher also carried out communication interactions with various sources, observations, interviews, documents and other materials as evidence or proof, related to the Socialization of Digital Television Broadcast Technology Conversion (Study Regarding the Representation of Digital Television Broadcast Technology in Omnibus Short Films). The paradigm used in this research is constructivist. This research uses a qualitative approach which allows researchers to discuss the research in more depth. The novelty or novelty of this research is the Omnibus Short Film with the Theme Migration of Analog TV / Omnibus STB, as a medium for conveying messages to the public, has shown that the film is able to make the circulation of information through the socialization of the conversion of digital television broadcast technology, faster and evenly distributed in efforts to socialize the conversion of digital television broadcast technology. This means that it has completed Peter L. Berger's Social Reality Construction Theory, namely that all this time Peter L Berger never talked about the media, but then it was the media that led to representation. So the media plays a role as a construction and representation of reality, in the socialization of the conversion of digital television broadcast technology

FUNCTIONING OF METATEXT IN JOURNALESE DISCOURSE

This article is devoted to the study of metatext in journalese discourse. The use of language in newspapers and other journalistic publications plays an important role in shaping public opinion and discussions. The problem of metatext in journalese discourse has not been sufficiently studied, since it requires additional research, namely, how metatext functions in journalese discourse and what types of metatext are used there. To understand the main peculiarities of metatext in journalese discourse, the article reveals the concept «metatext» and its main features. Metatext acts as an «assistant» for the main text, contributes to its organization and understanding. Being as an intermediary between the author and readers, it makes the text more understandable and convincing for perception. Based on the classifications, a comprehensive model of metatext is designed, applicable to journalese discourse. The source of the language material is 150 articles from the newspaper «Financial Times» for 2023. Articles are related to business and economy. The analysis carried out makes it possible to reveal how metatext forms journalistic communication and contributes to the construction of social reality. Keywords: metatext, metatext elements, journalese discourse, headline, commentaries, addressing.

Investigating the language of conflict and peace in critical discourse studies

ABSTRACT This introduction to a Special Issue of Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) – dedicated to showcasing scholarly research into the language of conflict and peace, describes the general conceptual character of language in conflict initiation as well as in peace process. It further examines the potentials of linguistic representation in the construction of social and political realities that have strong implications for conflicts not only at the interpersonal level but also have consequences in terms of national and global security. It argues that critical discourse analysis provides sufficient and interesting methodological resource for analyzing conflict and peace discourses. Then, it briefly summarizes the various topics covered in the Special Issue highlighting the approaches adopted by the authors. Drawing from different contexts and scenarios, the authors demonstrate how methods in linguistics and discourse studies are applied to analyzing conflict and peace processes. Hence, this introductory piece, shows how this Special Issue contributes to scholarly understanding of the roles of language within the context of conflict or peace, as well as illustrate in some interesting extent, how to research the language of conflict and peace in discourse studies.

The British Royals in Australia

The British Royals in Australia

Culture as response

AbstractTo explain cultural diversity, many theories refer to the social construction of reality. In this telling, we frame the world to make it meaningful. In my analysis of what people in Namibia and Germany know about “SARS‐Cov‐2” and “climate change,” I propose an anti‐constructivist alternative. Drawing on the work of the phenomenologist Bernhard Waldenfels, I argue that experience comes first and exceeds language and the conceptual and symbolic orders we use to describe it. Waldenfels refers to this excess as “the alien” (das Fremde). This alienness calls us and demands a response. Only by responding, do we make the world meaningful. Since the alien is the excess to a particular order it becomes important to explore how orders are applied in situations. To explain this, I draw on recent developments in “4E” cognition that describe the mind‐world relation as fourfold intertwined: embedded, embodied, extended, and enacted. Combining Waldenfels’ responsive phenomenology and “4E” cognition thus allows it to be shown how knowledge emerges as an enactive response to the demands situations create. I conclude by showing how this opens up new possibilities for addressing the plurality and situatedness of knowledge in anthropology.

Makna Pluralitas Dalam Film “Raya And The Last Dragon” (Studi Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes)

Film is actually a text that shows social reality. The text contained in a film forms a meaning as well as reflects a certain culture. The messages conveyed in films can be informative as well as educational media for the audience, messages to introduce a culture, build a democratic society and films can also unite differences and construct social realities that occur in society. The author in this study looks at the differences in the meaning of pluralism in the film "Raya and The Last Dragon". That there is a fact that a film can carry out the function of improving people's lives with the story line with the diversity that exists and the characteristics of the differences depicted in the film. This study aims to find out the various meanings in terms of designation, implied and myths contained in the film "Raya and the Last Dragon". The writing in this study uses a constructive paradigm to carry out Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis and this research uses qualitative research methods to understand the various meanings in the film "Raya and the Last Dragon". Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be said that this film shows the meaning of pluralism which is understood democratically, equality of difference. the differences that are denotatively described have connotations associated with the differences that are constructed into an agreement. The film depicts togetherness and unity in a difference, so that a myth arises that describes a shift in meaning from plurality, namely that strength and unity are formed from differences and diversity that exist.

Memahami Dampak Media Sosial terhadap Komunikasi Interpersonal: Pendekatan Teori Komunikasi

The use of social reality construction theory as an addition to social exchange theory is a significant step towards understanding more deeply the impact of social media on interpersonal communication. Social reality construction theory offers a powerful perspective on how social media can shape individuals' perceptions of the reality around them. In this research, the literature method is used with a focus on reviewing and analyzing literature related to the impact of social media on interpersonal communication. The research aims to conduct a critical review of interpersonal communication theory and analyze how this theory has implications for social relationships in the digital era. This research shows that overall, changes in patterns of social relations that arise as a result of social media can be understood through the lens of social exchange theory. Social media provides a platform for information exchange, support, and social interaction, however, the impact is the emergence of dynamics that can sometimes sacrifice the depth and quality of traditional interpersonal relationships.

Konstruksi Sosial Masyarakat Kota Bengkulu terhadap Gaya Komunikasi Laki-laki Feminin

The phenomenon of feminine men's communication styles in society has resulted in changes in values ​​that have received attention. This research aims to determine the social construction and actions of the people of Bengkulu city towards feminine men's communication styles using Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann's Social Reality Construction Theory which includes three dialectical moments, namely externalization, objectivation and internalization. The results of this research are divided into three dialectical moments. First, the moment of externalization of informants who have circles and those who do not have circles with feminine men tend to stigmatize the communication style of feminine men like women, and is considered deviant behavior which is feared that there will be sexual deviations such as LGBT. Second, the moment of objectification of informants who have a circle and who do not have a circle with feminine men see the communication style of feminine men as a character in which the traits, attitudes and behavior shown in the form of self-presentation such as gentle and graceful demeanor, less manly, so considered weak men. Third, the moment of internalization of informants who have circles and those who do not have circles with feminine men consider that feminine men are good, friendly, pleasant individuals, good public speaking, expressive, confident, and tend to be the center of attention. The social construction of communities that have or do not have circles with feminine men assesses the communication style of feminine men as the character, traits, attitudes and behavior shown by certain individuals as a form of self-presentation which is considered positive and also negative. The social behavior of people who have or do not have circles with feminine men are open and can accept the communication style of feminine men but still limit their social interactions, interactions and communication for fear of deviation.

The Plot Thickens: A Sociology of Conspiracy Theories

Conspiracy theories are a constant feature of human society but have recently risen in prominence with the flurry of COVID-19 conspiracy theories and their public display in social media. Conspiracy theories should be studied not only because of their potential harm but also because they are related to other sources of misinformation such as folk theories, rumors, and fake news. Recent understanding of their spread has shifted the focus from investigating the believers to characteristics of the social processes that motivate and persuade, with a new view of the conspiracy theorist as a bricoleur dealing with threats through social (re)construction of reality. These tendencies are strengthened by the markets for attention and approval constructed by social media platforms, and bots also amplify them. We identify an agenda of multiple important and urgent paths for future research that will help understanding of conspiracy theories in society. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 50 is July 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

The country image from the interdisciplinary perspective

The article provides an overview of current trends in country image research, placing the research interests of various disciplines in a common context. Highlighting this issue illustrates how different academic perspectives can be applied to answer a wide range of research questions, contributing to the interdisciplinary study of country image, encompassing multiple and diverse aspects and facilitating understanding of the complexity of the subject at hand. Consequently, the article argues the usefulness of combining research efforts by resorting to various scientific paradigms, including those located in the cradle of symbolic politics or the theory of symbolic interactionism or generated by the paradigm of the social construction of reality or structural functionalism, as well as engaging in the investigation of the image of the country of such perspectives as the theory of social representations or the theories of media communication, as the theory of agenda setting. Thus, the investigative arsenal applied to the image of the country obtains the adequate conceptual framework, the necessary and favorable weight in the elaboration of the integrated, complex vision of the phenomenon.

Public arenas model and the social construction of reality

U radu analiziramo kako društveni akteri u različitim javnim arenama, poput medija, politike, znanosti i civilnog društva, oblikuju percepciju društvenih problema i kako ti problemi postaju socijalna stvarnost. Rad naglašava ulogu medijske arene kao ključnog posrednika u definiranju i prikazivanju društvenih problema. Oslanja se na fenomenološki pristup Petera L. Bergera i Thomasa Luckmanna te pokušava povezati dinamičan proces socijalne konstrukcije zbilje s modelom javnih arena i aktivnostima pojedinih aktera unutar tih arena. Rad također ukazuje na potrebu za empirijskim istraživanjem radi boljeg razumijevanja interakcije u medijskoj areni i njenog utjecaja na konstrukciju društvene stvarnosti.

Имидж государственных высокотехнологичных корпораций как фактор профессионального выбора современной молодежи

The article is devoted to the analysis of the image of Russian high-tech state corporations, which in modern conditions are faced with the problem of attracting and retaining young specialists. One of the factors influencing the professional choice of young specialists is the image of corporations among young people. Based on the theory of social construction of reality and on articles on the formation of a corporate image, the authors highlight the social image of state corporations, which is formed spontaneously in the minds of young people under the influence of historical, social, cultural factors, and the image constructed by the management of state corporations using management technologies. Using the example of the state corporation Roscosmos, the authors identified and compared the social image among young people and the constructed image. In-depth interviews with representatives of the relevant departments of the Roscosmos corporation made it possible to identify the desired image for the corporation as an innovative and high-tech corporation that maintains its leading position in space, which is promising for young professionals. A questionnaire survey of Moscow youth revealed the predominance of a negative image of the company, which is especially pronounced among graduates of specialized educational institutions and young specialists in the aerospace industry. The identified discrepancy between the constructed image and the real image of the state corporation Roscosmos has a negative impact on attracting young specialists. The authors propose a number of measures aimed at solving the problem of constructing a positive image of state-owned high-tech corporations among young people.

Iconography as System. The Structural Principles of Representation in Visual Culture

Summary This paper constitutes a reflexive and theoretical approach to the study of iconographies from a cultural perspective. Its aim is to depict iconographies as the structural order which makes images representative of the social frameworks from which they stem. By analysing the stable principles which participate in the production of such representativity in any given iconography, and by considering the cultural agents which socially regulate them and make images culturally specific, it is possible to understand the cultural mechanisms by which the social construction of reality is projected onto images. Consequently, this approach favours a conceptualisation of iconographies as cultural systems through which the identity of social frameworks is conveyed thanks to the use of images.

Using discourse analysis in contemporary social research

The aim of this article is to sum up the principles of social constructivism as a foundation of all theories of discourse, and to identify key characteristics of main discursive theories, as well as perspectives of their use in the research of inequalities. We explore key theories of discourse (critical discourse analysis and theoretical frameworks based on works of Foucault and Laclau and Mouffe), and application of methodological approaches of discourse analysis stemming out from these theories, in current social research. All discourse theories are founded on principles of social constructivism: social construction of knowledge, existence of multiple variants of knowledge, simultaneous construction and reproduction of social reality in the process of social relations, and an idea that subjects construct knowledge inside of discourse, while discourse in turn constructs social reality. Characteristics of discourse theories were identified around criteria of the degree of inclusivity of discourse, functions of discourse, stability of discursive structure, degree of subjects’ agency. Approaches to discourse analysis that stem from the works of Foucault and Laclau and Mouffe suggest a strong link between theory and methodology, with research methods less clearly defined. Critical discourse analysis fills this gap in methodological developments. In particular, for social research purposes, Norman Fairclough’s approach to critical discourse analysis is widely used, looking at discourse as a social practice, a type of speech, typical of a certain area of knowledge, and as an articulation of a person’s or a social group’s lived experience that stems from their structural position. Fairclough’s analytical model consists of three levels: a detailed linguistic analysis of the text, analysis of daily routine practices and ways in which people construct social order, and macrosociological analysis of the social practice. The article ends with discussion of examples and common areas of discourse analysis usage in research of structural social inequalities.