Construction Of Social Housing Research Articles

미국의 사회주택 공급을 위한 입법 동향에 대한 소고

Recently, as damage from rental fraud has emerged as a serious social problem, there are growing voices calling for a stronger housing security net. As an alternative, we are seeking ways to expand the supply of public rental housing, and establishing a systematic legal system to support the construction of public rental housing is a very important issue. Social housing is defined as residential rental housing allocated to achieve a purpose according to certain rules and provided below market price. It is a concept commonly used in most European countries, but recently, countries around the world are preparing different laws to provide social housing that suits their own circumstances. The United States has implemented laws to support the supply of public housing at the federal level. Recently, some state and local governments have introduced the concept of social housing and are enacting laws or ordinances to increase it as they experience rapid increases in real estate prices and serious housing shortages. The latest legislation in the United States can serve as a legislative reference in that it establishes a legal system consisting of the following four aspects on the supply side. First, a limited for-profit housing company is being established as a corporation that pursues limited profit suitable for the supply of social housing. Second, separate from the existing public housing agency, an independent agency dedicated to the provision of social housing will be established. Third, related organizations operate a revolving loan fund to raise the funds necessary for public developers to build social housing. Fourth, public developers are required to deposit a portion of the profits generated from social housing operations into a revolving loan fund and reinvest the remaining profits in social housing construction. In addition, on the demand side, beneficiaries of social housing are not limited to low-income groups but also include the middle-class.

Assessment of the mechanical and physical characteristics of PET bricks with different aggregates

Construction and demolition waste, along with discarded PET plastic bottles, have evolved into a widespread global resource. However, their current disposal in landfills poses a significant environmental pollution challenge. This research is centered on evaluating the performance of cement mortar composed by larger PET particles in conjunction with sand, construction and demolition waste, and lightweight expanded polystyrene aggregates. The primary objective of this study is to formulate a blend suitable for non-structural elements that can be easily manufactured for social housing construction. This modified blend extends upon the original certified mixture employed at CEVE for brick production, which encompasses cement and 3 mm-long PET particles. The experimental analysis revealed that blend containing 8 mm-long PET particles, in combination with fine aggregates of construction and demolition waste, attained a required mechanical strength of 2 MPa, while preserving the bulk density and hydric properties of the initial PET bricks developed at CEVE in Argentina.

Experimental Study of Wind Pressures on Low-Rise H-Shaped Buildings

Recognizing the urgent need for mitigating global warming, natural ventilation presents a potential strategy to reduce cooling energy demands, enhance thermal comfort, and contribute to indoor air quality. H-shaped buildings are prevalent worldwide, and they constitute the majority of the social housing construction in Brazil. Research suggests that the inadequate design of these buildings can result in poor ventilation; however, investigations about their natural ventilation performance are limited. Thus, the present contribution aims to determine the impact of the geometric characteristics of H-shaped buildings on the pressure distribution through wind tunnel experiments. Three models were tested in the wind tunnel experiments, representing different proportions. Their scales were configured to comply with the 5% obstruction limit allowed for wind tunnel testing, which was performed for 20 wind attack angles. Moreover, a scour test was carried out to allow a better understanding of the wind flow. Python scripting was developed to automate data processing, which is openly available in this paper. The results indicate that the proportion of the model influences the pressure distribution on roofs and leeward walls. Additionally, the depth of the recessed cavity affects its side surfaces and can result in a mirrored behavior on the frontal face of deep cavities (i.e., the wind direction is 45°). The model height influences the windward surfaces in its lower portion, since taller models present a recirculation vortex that modifies the pressure near the ground.

Principles of social housing development in Spain

The issue of social housing has always been a vital concern for most countries, given its crucial role in ensuring a dignified life for citizens. Each country has a unique history and approaches to the development of social housing, reflecting distinct social, economic, and cultural requirements. Spain's practice in this area, developed over a long period, is particularly appealing and can be beneficial for Ukraine, which seeks to improve its own standards of social housing construction. This article examines the architectural features of social housing formation in Spain, based on the analysis of both historical and contemporary projects. Successful examples such as the Caño Roto housing complex, a symbol of modernism and high social experience, and the contemporary housing quarter Vivazz in Asturias, emphasizing their contribution to the transformation of the urban environment and creation of comfortable spaces for different population segments, are highlighted. Special attention is given to architectural innovations, energy efficiency, and the use of public spaces as centers of social interaction. The conclusions emphasize the importance of adapting social housing to changes in requirements and the social environment, highlighting its impact on improving the quality of life and forming communities.

Mechanical characterization of adobe with natural fiber in the andean zone of Bolivia

Adobe is a material made of soil, natural fiber “Stipa ichu”, (a kind of straw found in the Andean zone of Bolivia, locally known as “Paja Brava”) and water, which is used as a sustainable masonry alternative widely used for housing construction in the Andean region of Bolivia. Currently, in several countries there is a renewed interest in this material for use in ecological social housing construction projects and restoration of heritage buildings with great historical value. The objective of the research is to analyze the mechanical properties of adobe manufactured in the Andean zone of Bolivia using percentages of 0.0, 0.4, 1.0 and 2.0% natural fiber. The appropriate adobe preparation proportions and its mechanical characteristics for the design were achieved, taking into account strength and deformation. The methodology applied consisted of characterizing the soil used, shaping adobe samples both in blocks and in cylindrical specimens, and determining the mechanical properties through simple compression tests, flexural tests, triaxial tests and tests with ultrasound equipment. Finally, comparisons of the results are made in order to determine the relationship between the percentage of natural fiber and the mechanical properties of the samples.

Світовий досвід державно-приватного партнерства для фінансування соціального житла

In the current socio-economic environment, the issue of providing vulnerable population with affordable and accessible housing has become acute, requiring the public authorities to invest heavily in this area. This problem is relevant not only for Ukraine, where many residential buildings were destroyed as a result of military aggression, but also in other European countries, as quarantine restrictions have caused significant damage to their economies. Another reason for the growing demand for social housing is urbanization, migration, and growing social inequality. The solution to this problem is complicated by the fact that the growing demand for social housing increases the necessary costs for territorial communities, which they cannot always fully cover with budget revenues. On the other hand, private investors need a return on their investments, so they cannot finance social housing projects on their own. As a result, the public-private partnership model has become one of the ways to finance social housing. The purpose of the article is to analyze various public-private partnership mechanisms to provide financing for the construction and allocation of social housing. Since 1980s, public private partnership (PPP) is gaining global popularity as a viable alternative to public funding for building and financing infrastructure projects. PPP is a means to effectively deliver projects in the public sector because it emerges against the backdrop of financial constraints and management capacity in the public sector to support largescale infrastructure projects. PPP not merely means a way to accomplish financial problems by bringing private capital, but it also aims to bring private sector efficiency and best practices in delivering infrastructure. Although, focus of the current debates is primarily on economic infrastructure, but investment on social infrastructure has received surprisingly little attention and it is predicted to continue growing. Governments have a central role in policies and regulations to provide a transparent and fair 'investment field', as well as providing payments to private parties. In investing, the private sector actually requires stability, predictability and a framework that supports their investment in social infrastructure. Meanwhile, the private sector has a role to provide expertise in building social infrastructure efficiently and has added value in innovation. It is recommended to implement a modified PPP model in Ukraine to include international public and private partners as financial donors to compensate for lack of the national budget resources at the moment.

Holistic assessment of the economic, environmental, and social impact of building construction. Application to housing construction in Andalusia

Buildings, although increasingly efficient, currently lack a comparative analysis from a holistic perspective. A large part of the effort to increase their efficiency focuses on their direct consumption of water and energy through the design of more efficient systems, but another large part of the consumption is caused indirectly by the production processes and the construction itself, and these are usually disregarded. To tackle this problem, a model is proposed for the evaluation of indirect impacts that take place during the building construction phase. The three dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social) from the construction site perspective are evaluated by integrating the assessment of social and environmental impact indicators with cost control tools. Construction cost control is normally defined by classification and coding systems of work units. In order to make this integration straightforward for practitioners, the existing classification is employed as a basis to systematize the evaluation of the other two dimensions of sustainability. The environmental assessment is covered with the PREDICE tool, developed here, which evaluates the footprint family indicators. For the social assessment, a secondary tool evaluates the project occupational risks. The model is applied to the construction of social housing in Andalusia, validating its versatility and allowing to simulate different scenarios. Five out of sixty work units evaluated represent around 70% of the total impact in each category. Three of those work units (concrete slab, façade plastering bricks, and brick partition walls) are replaced by a reticular slab, gypsum board partitions, and bricks with exposed face without plastering, respectively. These modifications allow reducing up to 20% the impacts in several categories.

Rationale of construction processes in the social configuration of habitat: Nueva Colonia, Turbo, Colombia

The alliance between universities, the private sector, the State and local communities becomes a fundamental strategy to channel regional development processes. This approach that interprets SDG 17 has been applied in the research courses of the Architecture Faculty of Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. In these courses, real problems in specific regions of the national territory serve as a starting point to contribute to the training of the architect from the perspective of social responsibility. Specifically, this text focuses on the Sustainable Environment research course, which took as a case study the corregimiento of Nueva Colonia (Turbo- Colombia) to propose technologies that reconfigure positively urban and rural areas. These technologies are proposed as a response to the social, cultural, and economic realities and the conditions that govern construction activity in the region. Based on participatory design as a working method, students design tools that allow collecting information about the perception that the community has of their territory with the purpose of determining basic design guidelines defined collaboratively to provide solutions to the habitat and the built environment. These guidelines derive mainly from a reflection on technology in the construction of social housing, socio-environmental relationships, and their repercussions for the sustainable configuration of the built environment. To achieve this goal, students research on eco-efficient materials and local waste that can be used as construction material or raw material, and which are preliminarily evaluated using circularity and life cycle criteria. In this sense, this text seeks to highlight specific results of eco-efficient materials and waste from the banana industry.

Capital crisis and production of social interest housing: an analysis of Residencial Nova Caiçara in Sobral-CE/Brazil

The 2008 financial collapse was felt around the world, and in Brazil, the measures adopted to mitigate its effects focused on state incentives in various sectors of the economy, particularly in the construction of Social Interest Housing (HIS). This article analyzes the production of housing space in the city of Sobral, located in the State of Ceará, and its connections with the social totality, that is, critical valorization. The investigation was based on bibliographical research, interviews and mapping. The results reveal that the crisis activated mechanisms already used by capital to face its challenges, but, with regard to new living spaces, it exacerbated the urban problem.

SOCIAL HOUSING IN THE CONDITIONS OF PRESENT-DAY (on the example of Astana city)

The economic downturn and crisis in the country have decisively affected the housing problem, exacerbating the need for the formation of social housing. In this regard, there is a need to revise the existing classification of housing and introduce a new one-social housing, which contributes to the emergence of a new portrait of those in need. In the course of the research, typological groups of social housing and state housing construction programs in the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied. The purpose of the work is to identify the main directions and solutions of promising tasks of social housing in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Quality management framework for government social housing construction in South Africa

PurposeIn addressing the housing deficits for the less privileged citizens, the South African government began constructing social housing after coming to power in 1994. However, the construction of these houses is bedevilled with many issues; prominent among them are poor quality of the constructed houses. This study seeks to develop a quality management framework for achieving quality and efficiency in public-sector housing construction, a hallmark of the country's procurement goals.Design/methodology/approachTelephone interviews were conducted with construction professionals involved in constructing government social houses across South Africa, chosen randomly. The data gathered were analysed using the content analysis method.FindingsThe study found that the most significant cause of poor quality government-constructed social housing is multifaceted, categorised into project management-related, procurement-related, contractor-related, corruption-related and political-related.Practical implicationsFailure to develop and implement a quality management framework on government-constructed social housing leads to poor quality social housing.Originality/valueThe study has identified quality-related issues and has developed a Quality Management (QM) framework for the stakeholders involved in the construction of the houses to guide them in the project implementation process to ensure project success and quality standards.

CHALLENGES OF THE SOCIAL HOUSING DWELLERS

The South African government embarked on social housing construction for the less privileged post-apartheid rule. This study sought to investigate the challenges faced by the inhabitants of the social housing communities in Bloemfontein. A survey approach was adopted to solicit information from 1893 social housing dwellers within 7 communities in the suburb of Bloemfontein. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and present the data collected. The finding shows that the prevalent challenges experienced by the inhabitants in the social housing communities are an inadequate number of bedrooms, inability to extend their houses, lack of toilet facilities, unemployment, and household overcrowding. Despite the government's effort to improve the lives of less privileged citizens, prominent challenges hinder their living standards. Thus, undermining the policy objectives. The study gives the government and policymakers insight into significant challenges facing social housing inhabitants. Therefore, they can institute measures to address these challenges to enhance policy objectives achievement.

Specificity of the formation of modern social housing in Ukraine as a consequence of the russian invasion

The Soviet Union, among other states, was distinguished by the construction of housing at a great pace and volume, which was included in the programs of future social development for every 5 years. It was believed that the scale of Soviet construction should testify to the advantages of the Soviet system of government (and in fact the ruling political regime was formed by a one-party system) and the socialist system of management. Housing construction was carried out for the people under conditions of equality and equal distribution by state bodies of living space per person. The liberation of Ukraine from the Russian Communist Party dictate led to a prolonged Russian invasion of Ukrainian land due to the Russian Federation's inadmissibility of such "arbitrariness" on the part of Ukraine as choosing a pro-European path and democratization. With the acquisition of Independence in Ukraine, there was a reassessment of the values previously declared by the communist authorities, when the dictatorship of the proletariat and the hegemony of the poorest sections of the population were proclaimed. Mass housing construction, as an industry that had to serve as communist propaganda, actually met the minimum needs of the people. This is especially evident when comparing the Soviet heritage and the modern construction of social housing in other countries. The state of war in our country has given us an understanding that the problem of creating social housing is growing in our difficult conditions, covers a huge number of the population that lost their homes as a result of hostilities and takes various forms that need to be identified.

CASA+: highly energy-efficient housing system for the central-south of Chile

Purpose This study aims to introduce the results of a research carried out to develop a prototype of a highly energy-efficient modular detached house, called CASA+ CASA means HOUSE in spanish, adapted to the climatic features of central-southern Chile. The project enables a sustainable alternative to facilitate the reconstruction of the residential areas after the impact of the 2010 earthquake. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is based on an “integrated design process” of a case study that proposes a constructive response that quantitatively and qualitatively improves the initial data of traditional dwellings. The characteristics of the new system have been simulated with specific software to validate the final decisions, considering the cost–benefit ratio. Findings Simulation tools were used to assess and improve the system’s energy performance with respect to present options and to analyse its economic and construction viability. We obtained several economically competitive housing prototypes that substantially reduced energy consumption and the CO2 footprint by between 20% and 80%. Research limitations/implications The prototype has not been developed, as we are waiting for funding, but all its energy features have been simulated. Practical implications Furthermore, this experience also identified similar modifications made to the design of the houses, which revealed general possibilities for improving energy performance. Social implications The origin of this research is a public call for international researchers to improve the quality of the new homes to be built in Chile after the strong earthquake of 2010. The result of the research has been put at the direct service of Chilean society and in other international projects for the construction of low-energy social housing. Originality/value These are the result of a long research aimed at establishing a new architectural model that, in addition to improving the architectural quality of the product, obtains significant improvements in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The most particular aspect is the practical vocation and its implementation with real construction with the support of construction companies.

Sustainability of the government policy on social housing construction in South Africa: the emerging issues

South Africa began constructing free affordable housing for less privileged citizens due to apartheid policies. The policy implementation has, over the years, experienced many issues. This study sought to assess the affordable housing policy’s sustainability from the construction professionals’ perspective. A qualitative research approach was used to interview randomly selected construction professionals with experience with social housing construction in South Africa. The data received were analysed using thematic content analysis. The findings present some significant issues that endanger the sustainability of the government’s free social housing policy. These issues are corruption in the allocation process, poor housing quality; the economy may not be able to support, lack of job opportunities leading to migration of the beneficiaries, no plan to reduce government dependency, disregard for environmental issues and lack of framework, among others. The government’s failure to institute effective policies to guard the construction processes negatively affects the main stakeholders’ confidence in the housing implementation and threatens this noble policy’s sustainability. This study reveals the wrongs identified by construction professionals involved in the construction of the free houses, which threatens the policy sustainability. The findings will give the government insight into policy problem areas that must be examined to strengthen policy sustainability.

РИНОК ЖИТЛОВОГО БУДІВНИЦТВА РЕГІОНІВ УКРАЇНИ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ У ПОВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД

The article analyzes the housing construction market and identifies the main factors restraining its growth. First, the author confirms that the housing construction market suffered a significant blow during the spread of COVID-19, as the decrease in construction volumes amounted to 12.4% compared to the previous year, and the second, more massive pressure was felt by the market after the start of armed warfare in Ukraine (a drop of almost 50%). It was determined that despite rather attractive mortgage lending conditions, the housing market is not experiencing a significant recovery. Secondly, in the regional context, such changes were uneven, for example, during the "covid" period, some regions managed to maintain positive dynamics, such as Poltava and Vinnytsia regions, where the growth was more than 25%, while some regions, on the contrary, "fell rapidly", losing up to 30% of housing construction volumes compared to the previous year (for example, Luhansk region - the fall was more than 60%). At the same time, the correlation between the volume of housing construction and the gross regional product per capita, which were adjusted for the price index, was confirmed, but there is a basic level of income that should ensure "objective quality" of living for households so that they can invest in housing construction. The study shows that, in addition to household incomes, there are other important factors that can become demotivators for the state and dynamics of the housing market. These include the ability of the state and the banking and financial sector to freely dispose of significant amounts of free funds that can be used for construction. At the same time, the risks of economic instability limit the investment potential of the financial institution (as evidenced by the low activity of citizens in participating in the eHouse program). In addition, economic instability has a significant impact on the development ofconstruction. Thus, it was noted that the greater the fluctuations, the worse the results of the industry. Therefore, the key factors restraining the positive dynamics of this market are the following:low investment capacity of the population, economic instability, external factors (the war factor) and expectations of market participants. Demonstrating the differentiation of indicators of development of the housing construction market by region, it is stated that there has been a change in the "landscape" of growth centers - the western regions of Ukraine have been included in them, which is associated with migration processes (relocation of internally displaced persons), and thus contributes to the restoration of the growth rate of the housing construction market in these regions. Therefore, the further development of the housing market will be associated with the search for and attraction of new investors, for example, European governments, implementation of joint projects and grants to restore energy-saving territorial development (including through the construction of social housing), etc.

ПРОБЛЕМНІ АСПЕКТИ ТА МЕХАНІЗМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ЖИТЛОВОГО ФОНДУ В УКРАЇНІ

In the study, the attention to the problems of formation and implementation of the state housing policy, in particular in the part of the development of the country's housing stock, is updated. The purpose of the study was to identify problematic aspects, as well as to substantiate effective mechanisms for regulating the development of the housing stock in Ukraine. The most problematic aspects of social housing construction in Ukraine are identified and the problems in this area, which have worsened in connection with full-scale military operations, are emphasized. Areas of improvement of the state policy of activation of social housing construction have been identified. Problematic aspects of state management of the development of the general housing stock of the state are pointed out. The most promising mechanisms that should be used to increase the efficiency of the state policy of increasing the volume of housing construction in Ukraine are identified, which in particular relate to: popularization of integrated systems, organizational measures, provision of information exchange, state financing of projects, assistance in the formation of cooperation networks, elimination of bureaucratic obstacles to cooperation, resource support for the activity of construction clusters and their participants, promoting the development of technology parks and business incubators. 
 The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the further development of the toolkit of the state policy of stimulating the increase in volumes and increasing the efficiency of housing construction in the country.
 The applied value of the research results consists in determining the applied mechanisms and tools of state policy to improve the provision of housing for the population of Ukraine, in particular in the conditions of a full-scale war and its critically negative consequences for the social sphere and the country's system.

State housing policy of Ukraine: status and development perspectives

The purpose of the article was to determine the state housing policy taking into account the state of war in Ukraine as a result of the conflict with the Russian Federation. The authors of the article have used general scientific (dialectical, axiological, etc.) and special (formal and logical, statistical, predictive, etc.) methods and scientific cognition. The lack of a state housing policy and a general strategy for the development of the housing stock has been established. The importance of the modern stage of the state housing policy of Ukraine, which is to restore the housing stock destroyed or damaged as a result of the war, ensuring the housing needs of internally displaced persons and people who have lost their homes, is emphasized. It has been concluded that the modern state housing policy of Ukraine needs to define its strategic directions taking into account the needs that arose as a result of the war. The authors have suggested the following areas of the latest state housing policy: construction of new housing stock, major repairs of housing-related infrastructure facilities, determination of mechanisms for accounting of rental housing stock and resumption of social housing construction, etc.

RURAL AREAS OF UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS

Rural areas occupy a special place in the socio-economic life of Ukraine. They are home to a third of the population of our state and account for a larger share of its area. The importance of these territories is enhanced by their exceptional contribution to the formation of the foundations of food security and the expansion of the country’s export potential. These and other factors make the development of rural areas one of the main priorities of the state policy of Ukraine aimed at raising the living standards of the rural population, increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex, improving the state of the environment and improving the quality of human capital. However, more than 30 years of Ukraine’s independence have not brought the expected increase in well-being to ordinary peasants. According to the processed data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, it has been established that rural areas are in a catastrophic state: the ecological condition of natural resources is deteriorating, engineering and social infrastructure, and the system of social services have fallen into disrepair. From year to year there is a decrease in the number of medical institutions and enterprises of household services, communication offices, schools and especially preschool institutions. The construction of social facilities and housing for rural youth has practically stopped. The social infrastructure has been practically destroyed, and those institutions of social and cultural purpose, which are still functioning at least somehow, are in survival conditions. Migration processes and the depopulation of the rural population have increased sharply. The agro-ecological condition of soils, the quality of agricultural products grown in rural settlement areas, and the quality of drinking water are deteriorating. The destruction and decline of rural areas is the result of insufficient attention of state management bodies to their problems. Today, 30% of Ukraine’s population lives in rural areas and there are 28,369 villages, while in 1990, 32.6% of the population lived in rural areas and there were 28,845 villages. For the period 1990–2021, 476 rural settlements have disappeared. The demographic situation in Ukraine has received negative changes, it remains especially acute in rural areas, and during the Russian aggression against Ukraine, the demographic situation has generally become catastrophic.

Coloured concrete produced from low-carbon cements: Mechanical properties, chromatic stability and sustainability

The global construction industry is responsible for 39% of CO2 emissions and for more than 50% of the extracted natural resources. Dematerialization and the use of low-carbon materials would be mitigating actions in the current scenario. In developing countries, where the housing deficit is high, a short-term and novel solution could come from the construction of social housing using multipurpose coloured concrete casings, which have no rendering of mortars and paints and are produced from low-carbon cements. In the Amazon, the wide availability of light and kaolinite-rich waste would enable the production of low-carbon cements (LCC) from ternary mixtures of clinker, calcined kaolin waste and limestone. The objective was evaluated the performance of coloured concretes from LCC against the weathering of the rainy equatorial climate of the Amazon, environment which favours the formation of biofilm films, impairing the aesthetic quality of the facades. The LCC provided coloured concretes with good pigmentation capacity and a significant reduction in CO2 emissions. On the other hand, its use compromised the surface quality of concrete due to the low chromatic stability. The climate conditions of the Amazon and low alkalinity of the LCC favoured the growth of microorganisms, leading the concrete surfaces to become prematurely blackened, decreasing their albedo and, consequently, raising the surface temperature of the substrate, which compromises the thermos-energetic performance of the building. Nevertheless, the results are promising and justify the continuity of research using new compositions of limestone calcined clay cement associated with the use of more efficient surface protection systems.