Pipeline Construction Research Articles

Trial Discussion on Technical Points of Municipal Road Drainage Pipeline Construction

Trial Discussion on Technical Points of Municipal Road Drainage Pipeline Construction

Identifying Novel Molecular Genetic Markers in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Glioblastoma Multiforme

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are two neurological disorders with high rates of incidence and mortality respectively, both capable of inflicting long‐term physiological damage. Although prior research has indicated that brain tumor survivors exhibit increases in susceptibility to ADHD, the underlying genetic components still remain relatively unknown. The primary purpose of this investigation was to identify genetic associations between ADHD and GBM by single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of target genes. NCBI’s Gene Expression Omnibus was accessed, and genes of interest were selected by differential gene expression analysis in GBM patients. Sequence data of ADHD and GBM patients were obtained from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA), followed by the construction of analysis pipelines to map the sequences against human chromosome 12, followed by indexing and variant calling. This study highlights 18 variants (including 7 reported SNPs) that contribute to the genetic overlap of ADHD and GBM and may provide a useful tool for precision medicine.

Plains rough fescue grassland restoration using natural regeneration after pipeline disturbances

Plains rough fescue (Festuca hallii), once a dominant grassland in the Northern Great Plains, has been reduced to a fraction of its original extent by agricultural intensification and energy sector disturbances and has become a threatened community type. Despite thousands of kilometers of pipelines in grasslands, little is documented about long‐term restoration outcomes. This research assessed recovery of rough fescue grassland 6–21 years after pipeline construction with topsoil stripping and natural regeneration relative to undisturbed reference sites in south‐central Canada. Soil properties varied between pipelines and undisturbed prairie, although most were within theoretical values to support plant growth and development. Vegetation cover, species richness and Shannon diversity and evenness did not differ significantly between pipelines and undisturbed prairie. Multivariate analysis (multi‐response permutation procedure) showed plant community composition, and its dominant species differed significantly between pipelines and undisturbed prairie. Bray–Curtis dissimilarity indices showed dominant species and functional species groups on pipelines were more similar to undisturbed prairie than the undesirable species group. Presence of early‐ to late‐successional species and increasing F. hallii with pipeline age indicate restoration was possible with topsoil salvage and replacement, using natural regeneration as a revegetation method, but requires time to develop and restore a typical rough fescue grassland ecosystem.

Pipelines and Power Lines: China, Infrastructure and the Geopolitical (Re)construction of Central Asia

ABSTRACT This article examines the role of pipelines and power lines in the (re)construction of regional energy order in Central Asia. By structuring and governing social relations across space, infrastructures are integral to region building. In Central Asia, despite the post-Soviet transition, Soviet infrastructures have perpetuated Russian control over regional energy exports, hampered Central Asian states’ development and caused regional tension. China’s construction of pipelines and power lines represented a renegotiation of spatial, economic and political relations in the region. By connecting China with Central Asian states, the pipelines secured an alternative source of energy supply for Beijing, strengthened regional states’ independence from Russian influence, and embedded them in new structures of interdependent relations with the rising power. Meanwhile, by connecting local facilities and supplying energy to less developed areas, the Chinese-built pipelines and power lines enhanced Central Asian states’ capacity, promoted integration of national territories, and reduced region tension over water and energy supply. Notwithstanding these changes, Chinese-built pipelines and power lines did not overthrow the existing regional order. Rather than replacing Soviet systems, they were additions that connected with and remained embedded in the existing infrastructures.

SciKit Digital Health: Python Package for Streamlined Wearable Inertial Sensor Data Processing.

Wearable inertial sensors are providing enhanced insight into patient mobility and health. Significant research efforts have focused on wearable algorithm design and deployment in both research and clinical settings; however, open-source, general-purpose software tools for processing various activities of daily living are relatively scarce. Furthermore, few studies include code for replication or off-the-shelf software packages. In this work, we introduce SciKit Digital Health (SKDH), a Python software package (Python Software Foundation) containing various algorithms for deriving clinical features of gait, sit to stand, physical activity, and sleep, wrapped in an easily extensible framework. SKDH combines data ingestion, preprocessing, and data analysis methods geared toward modern data science workflows and streamlines the generation of digital endpoints in “good practice” environments by combining all the necessary data processing steps in a single pipeline. Our package simplifies the construction of new data processing pipelines and promotes reproducibility by following a convention over configuration approach, standardizing most settings on physiologically reasonable defaults in healthy adult populations or those with mild impairment. SKDH is open source, as well as free to use and extend under a permissive Massachusetts Institute of Technology license, and is available from GitHub (PfizerRD/scikit-digital-health), the Python Package Index, and the conda-forge channel of Anaconda.

LAYING OF PIPELINES IN SUBSEA TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

This article is devoted to the construction of offshore pipelines, taking into account the protection of the environment. Initially, information was provided on the conditions of the pipelines. Then there was a discussion about the methods of laying pipelines, their pros and cons, and therefore the choice of method, which is economically viable and takes into account the environment. We know that the main factor in choosing any method of laying a submarine pipeline is economic and environmental factors. Underwater pipelines are invaluable for offshore oil and gas transportation and water supply to the islands. The construction method is very important for the installation of an expensive and time-consuming offshore pipeline and should be selected after a general consideration of equipment, capital and time. In addition, the environmental impact and safety of construction and its impact on surrounding marine operations are also determining factors. Decks, pipelines and cables, valves and switches, pumps, cleaning and all equipment must work without hindrance and must be tested repeatedly to avoid endangering people and the environment. At present, submarine gas pipelines continue to develop, accounting for 45% of natural gas exports to the west. Therefore, before the submarine is laid, the entire route along the seabed must be carefully studied, and all potential obstacles, including the sunken ship, large rocks must be identified, eliminated or bypassed. Subsea pipelines are the safest, most cost-effective, and most environmentally friendly route. Keywords: subsea pipelines, construction technologies, submarine pipeline installation, environment supervision, management and control of industrial waste, prevention of pollution, pipeline laying.

Understanding Conflicting Legal Traditions

This paper examines the recent tensions in Wet’suwet’en territory as an extension of the ongoing conflict between Indigenous land defenders and state security actors over the construction of the Coastal GasLink pipeline in British Columbia. More specifically, it brings into view the ways in which Canadian law is weaponized against Indigenous communities in denying their inherent rights on unceded territory, and criminalizing resistance efforts. By using critical legal theory and principles of Indigenous legal tradition, it evaluates the history of Indigenous rights cases brought to Canada’s Supreme Court and differing regimes of consent. Further, this paper suggests alternative legal frameworks that could be used to legitimate Indigenous land reclamation rights in Canada to ensure land restitution. I argue that the settler-state imposition of energy infrastructure on unceded land is not only a violation of Indigenous sovereignty and inherent rights, but also, a testament to the incompatibility of state priorities and Indigenous communities’ right to land and life.

Research on the Construction and Realization of Data Pipeline in Machine Learning Regression Prediction

The data set used by machine learning usually contains missing value and text type data, and sometimes, it is necessary to combine the attributes in the data set. The data set must be cleaned and converted before the machine learning model can be generated. This is frequently a chain of events. The entire processing procedure will be time-consuming and inconvenient. This article examines the data pipeline and recommends that it be used to process all data. We carry out automation and use k-fold cross-validation to evaluate the performance of the model. Experiments demonstrate that it can lower the regression prediction model’s root mean square error and enhance prediction accuracy.

Lensing reconstruction in the third generation of ground-based small aperture cosmic microwave background telescope

We introduce the lensing reconstruction algorithm and the corresponding pipeline construction of the third generation of the ground-based small aperture cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment. We assume a characteristic and simplified telescope model, namely 3600 degree square sky coverage, media noise level ($\sim$10 $\mu$K.arcmin) and media angular resolution (beam size 10 arcmin). We adopt the technically mature quadratic estimator and study the reconstruction ability of the T-only, P-only, and the minimal-variance estimator. Using the framework of the quadratic estimators, we developed our lensing reconstruction pipeline. We find, at the 17 $\mu$K.arcmin noise level, the reconstruction noise of the P-only estimator is worse than that of the T-only estimator. When we upgrade into the 10 $\mu$K.arcmin noise level case, the results are reversed. Furthermore, when we combine the temperature and polarization modes together, the minimal-variance estimator can reach the signal-to-noise ratio of 17 with the 10 $\mu$K.arcmin noise setup.

The Relationship Between Microstructure and Hardness in the Heat-Affected Zone of Line Pipe Steels

Welding is an essential fabrication step during the construction of pipelines using high-strength low-alloy steels. The base metal experiences a rapid thermal excursion in the heat-affected zone, resulting in modification of the microstructure and mechanical properties. In particular, the coarse-grain heat-affected zone closest to the weld pool is of significance for the integrity of pipelines. In the present work, the microstructure and hardness were quantified from laboratory-simulated samples, obtained at different cooling rates for 12 steels, where their chemistry was systematically varied. Electron backscattered diffraction was used to quantify the bainitic microstructures based on the density of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). It was observed that an increase of the cooling rate results in (1) a reduction of the transformation start temperature, (2) a larger density of HAGBs, and (3) an increase in hardness. A Hall–Petch-type relationship is proposed to link the hardness with the HAGB density.

Applying small-scale liquefied natural gas supply chain by fluvial transport in the isolated systems: The case study of Amazonas, Brazil

There are currently several studies about the necessity of increasing access to sustainable electricity for isolated communities or in remote areas using alternative energy sources. There are about 212 energy grid isolated systems in Brazil, mainly concentrated in the North of the country, especially in the state of Amazonas, largely supplied by diesel power plants. The isolated systems in Amazonas present significant logistical challenges due primarily to the dependence on fluvial transport. The small-scale liquefied natural gas by fluvial transport can be an alternative to natural gas supply to remote areas and isolated systems and the non-dependence or construction of new pipelines. Based on this context, the work aims to evaluate the small-scale liquefied natural gas economic costs by fluvial transport to replace diesel oil with natural gas in power plants in the state of Amazonas. It then also analyses whether this substitution can significantly mitigate greenhouse gas emissions of the electricity sector at the local level. As a result, the use of natural gas in just a few scenarios elaborated from the case studies can provide energy security, decrease local emissions of CO2eq, and reduce the electricity cost to the final consumer.

NATURAL GAS AS A SUBJECT OF GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS OF STATES

In the last decade, the subject of sale, purchase or transit of natural gas between the countries in Europe has gained, in addition to the economic dimension, a much broader, and for some countries even more significant, geopolitical dimension. This is most evident based on the attitude of the United States and some European countries towards the projects for the construction of the Nord Stream 2, Turkish Stream and South Stream gas pipelines. By displaying a negative attitude towards these gas pipelines, the United States (with the support of some European countries) has formally emerged as a “protector of the energy interests of European countries” from Russian influence, i.e. Russian gas. Essentially, the United States is trying to slow down, reduce and suspend gas supplies from the Russian Federation (RF) to European countries, especially the most powerful ones (Germany, for example), and disguised by the need to “diversify gas supplies to European countries”, thus reduce Russia’s presence in Europe and quality of interstate relations. At the same time, the United States is trying to offer and sell its liquefied natural gas to European countries as an alternative to Russian gas, and to “fill in” the empty geopolitical space. The Russian Federation, on its behalf, instructed by the experiences from several “gas crises” with Ukraine, but also in accordance with its geopolitical interests, seeks (and has almost succeeded in doing so) to ensure the transport and sale of its gas by building new gas pipelines to Europe and improve relations with European countries. Other European countries, which need Russian gas, are trying to ensure energy security by participating in the construction of the gas pipeline, or by supporting the realization of that project. The fate of the gas pipeline and thus the possibility of gas distribution to individual states becomes a subject of interest (and conflict) of the great powers and their geopolitical interests.

Multi-Risk Source Oil Spill Risk Assessment Based on a Fuzzy Inference System

Oil is one of the most important sources of energy, about 25 percent of which comes from offshore sources. As a result, the transportation of oil tankers, and the construction of offshore oil platforms and subsea pipelines have increased, to facilitate offshore oil exploitation. However, most oil spill risk assessments analyze the impact of one risk source, and rarely consider multiple risk sources in the study area. This paper focuses on three risk sources that may cause oil spills in a certain area, and establishes an oil spill risk assessment model through a fuzzy inference system. Oil spill probabilities for different risk sources are calculated through the model. According to the definition of oil spill risk, the risk probability of multiple risk sources in the study area is obtained, which can provide technical support for regional oil spill emergency capacity and emergency resource allocation.

Social Impact Management of Land Clearing Process in Dieng 2 Sub-Project, PT Geo Dipa Energi (Persero)

PT Geo Dipa Energi (Persero) “GeoDipa” has planned to expand its electricity generation with additional 110 megawatts (MW), 55 MW at the existing Patuha geothermal plant in Ciwidey, Bandung Districts, West Java and 55 MW at the existing Dieng geothermal plant in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara Districts, Central Java. The Dieng 2 sub-project will construct a new power plant, sub-station, transmission lines and pipelines. The expansion of the existing Dieng geothermal plant will require land in total of 30.83 Ha. Of this, 30.53 Ha of land is already owned by GeoDipa while the remaining 3,010 m2 is privately owned land. This will be required for a 10 m wide and approximately 301 m long corridor to serve as the Right of Way (ROW) the construction of a new pipeline and access road from existing wellpad to the proposed site of the Dieng-2 power plant. This paper focuses on the social impact management of land clearing process, prepared for the proposed site of the Dieng-2 power plant. Approximately for 58,479 m2 area that used to be cultivated by 23 (twenty-three) farmers/croppers; located in Karangtengah Village, Batur Sub Districts, Banjarnegara Districts. Land Clearing means to overtake GeoDipa’s land and make use of it for the construction site of Dieng-2 power plant, and it has triggered involuntary resettlement. GeoDipa has avoided unanticipated involuntary resettlement potentially emerged during the process; and also reduced the social impact. The unanticipated involuntary resettlement was mitigated based on the Indonesia legal framework and lender’s policy.

New insights into the age of aeolian sand deposition in the northern Upper Rhine Graben (Germany)

Generally, it is assumed that deposition of aeolian sands in the northern Upper Rhine Graben (URG) occurred in multiple phases during the Würm glaciation with the main period linked to the Younger Dryas. But the age of the aeolian sands was mainly based on stratigraphic evidence and its location relative to the Rhine and Neckar rivers. Moreover, previous studies about the landscape evolution in the URG suggested that deposition of loess and aeolian sand happened simultaneously. Interestingly, a simultaneous deposition in the study area has never been confirmed, due to lack of geochronological research regarding the aeolian sands. To overcome this and to provide new numerical ages we studied aeolian sands and loess from the northern URG near Darmstadt. The depositional age of the aeolian sands and loess was determined using optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL). Sand samples were collected from a trench that was dug during the construction of a gas pipeline and samples from loess deposits were taken from outcrops in the western Odenwald. Our results show that deposition of loess took place from 42 to 17 ka ago and aeolian sand from 17 to 10 ka ago confirming a deposition during the end of the Würm glaciation. However, older sand deposits might exist in the study area but could not be reached for sampling. Additionally, our results indicate a younger period of anthropogenic induced redisposition of aeolian sands at around 4 ka. Overall, our results show that aeolian sand activity in the study area continued after loess deposition ended at around 17 ka.

The Oil Industry in Galicia until 1918 in Light of the Records of the Galician Governorate in Lviv

The files kept at the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv are of fundamental importance for research into the issues of the oil industry in Galicia. Of particular note is the largest ensemble in the archive – fond 146: Galician Governorate in Lviv, containing the records of the central government of Galicia. This collection has preserved a rich collection of materials representing various aspects of the development of the oil industry. They dealt with issues of the occurrence of crude oil in Galicia, the acquisition and exploitation of oil plots, the extraction and processing of oil, and the construction and operation of wells and refineries. The information on the state of the oil mines in Galicia, especially in terms of meeting technical conditions, fire protection and occupational safety, is valuable. An important place is held by files depicting issues of the creation of industrial infrastructure, including the construction and maintenance of oil pipelines, the construction of storage facilities, and the railway connection to the plants. The files also contain information on the establishment and activities of domestic and foreign oil companies and joint stock companies in Galicia. Also of interest are materials on the development of the labour movement. Keywords: records of the Galician Governorate in Lviv, kerosene, oil industry, mines, oil companies and joint stock companies.

Research and Engineering Application of Underground Reclaimed Water Pipeline Construction Technology in Utility Tunnel

Research and Engineering Application of Underground Reclaimed Water Pipeline Construction Technology in Utility Tunnel

Durability and self-healing of engineered cementitious composites exposed to simulated sewage environments

Corrosion factors including microbiologically induced corrosion accelerate cracking and deteriorations in a sewer concrete pipe especially in regions close to the pipe crown and that near the waterline. Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is a novel class of ductile cement-based composites and possesses autogenously tight cracks and robust self-healing conducive to sewage environments resistance. This paper presents an experimental study on the durability of ECC exposed to sewage environments simulated by treatments including sulfuric acid exposure and physical erosion. The physical and mechanical properties of ECC were examined in relation to those of fiber-free mortar specimens as control. The objective of this research is to establish fundamental knowledge on the behavior of ECC under aggressive sewage environments. Results showed that the permeable voids increased, and the strength decreased for both ECC and mortar. However, the residual compressive and tensile strength of ECC were 30–65% and 300–370% higher than those of the mortar group after 12 corrosion cycles, respectively. After corrosion cycles, the length change ratio of ECC was about 20% of that of the control, which indicates that ECC has better dimensional stability under the corrosive conditions. Further, self-healing of microcrack damage was observed in ECC under all exposure conditions in this study. It is concluded that ductile ECC has significant advantages in mechanical and durability performance over conventional brittle mortar/concrete under the simulated environments unique in sewage lines. This research generates new data that establish ECC as a durable material for sewer pipeline construction and rehabilitation.

Research on natural gas leakage and diffusion characteristics in enclosed building layout

There are many people in urban construction areas, and natural gas leakage can potentially cause serious accident consequences. Predicting the consequences of gas dispersion is important to react rapidly and adequately in the event of an incident. Currently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are an important tool to predict gas dispersion. However, in most cases, considering computational cost, the building layouts is ignored, so the flow field influence near the building area cannot be considered. In this research process, a realizable k-ε turbulence model is used to simulate the natural gas leakage process in a typical building layout (enclosed building layout), while focusing on wind speed and the leakage position. The validity of realizable k-ε turbulence model is verified by experimental data. The results show that under conditions of high wind speed (wind speed≥ 6 m/s), the reverse vortex formed by the shear flow of wind can cause the natural gas cloud to sink. When the leak hole is located in the influence area of the turbulent vortex, it easily induces R-H instability. When combined with the stronger K-H instability at high wind speeds, natural gas clouds may accumulate. This then leads to serious leakage accidents, knowledge of which may be the key component of emergency management during an accidental natural gas leakage. The research results can guide the building layout plan and gas pipeline construction to prevent accidents.

Тенденции развития флота морских технологических платформ в период 2015–2021 гг.

Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses marine oil and gas production platforms splitted into four types depending on their purpose. The study was intended to analyse the changes in global production platform fleet and outline the main trends in its development. Materials and methods. The study was based on the open-access data available with offshore field developers, oil and gas companies, shipyards and design offices. The methods in this study were acquisition, analysis and comparison of the data about the fleet of marine oil and gas production platforms. Main results. The paper presents the results of fleet composition analysis for floating oil and gas production platforms over the period of 2015–2021 characterized by the decline in global oil and gas prices. The study shows that the most common type of marine production platforms is FPSO (213 vessels). The strength of FPU and FPDSO fleets remains the same: 99 and 2 vessels respectively. Their geography has not changed either. The fleet of FLNGs has increased up to 7 ships since the commissioning of first FLNGs in 2014. Conclusion. FPSO platforms of various designs (mostly ship-type) offer high mobility and operational flexibility, i.e. greater project revenues and zero pipeline construction costs in case of remote field developments. It must be noted that water depths at FPSO locations have reached their record highs: 2900 m for production platforms and 3400 m for drilling ones. In future, floating platforms could be replaced by subsea production system but their massive introduction cannot be expected in at least 30–50 years to come.