Construction Of High Buildings Research Articles

Analysis of the working of pile foundations of high rise buildings on the basis of monitoring data at a construction in Hanoi

The pile foundation solution has been widely used for construction of high buildings in large urban in our country as well as for large-load projects, construction works in complex geological conditions… Pile foundation designs made according to the current standards in Vietnam assume that the entire load of the building is transferred to the pile foundation and the bearing of the ground between the piles is not taken into account. The design that takes into account the simultaneous operation of the pile and the ground under the foundation will allow a significant reduction in the cost of the pile foundation. Depending on specific conditions, the effectiveness of reducing the cost of the pile foundation is most often influenced by the factors of geological conditions, the scale work and the depth of the underground part. In this paper, the working of the pile foundation is analyzed on the basis of empirical research on the load distribution between the pile and the foundation at a specific building in Hanoi.

Pembinaan Tukang Mengenai Sambungan Baja Pada Bangunan Gedung di Kecamatan Sekarbela Kota Mataram

The availability of land for the residential area is becoming scarce in Mataram, The capital city of West Nusa Tenggara. In response to this situation, the construction of high buildings becoming a trend. A trend that initiating a new quandary as this city is located in a high-risk area, prone to earthquakes. Still fresh in our memory, when this area was struck by a series of earthquakes in 2018, two major shocks of 7 and 6,9 magnitude were followed by thousands of aftershocks. Therefore, means are needed to mitigate the risk, for instance reinforcing the utilization of steel. Steel is known for its capacity to withhold immense quakes. Melted connecting plates and cracked connecting bolts are frequent issues in high building construction, often leading to the faulty building. Hence, educating craftsmen on steel structure connection is essential. This community service is done by training craftsmen after acquiring data regarding their capabilities. On the training day, craftsmen were taught by the community service team regarding frame connection, column beam connection, the connection of sub-beam main beam, and base plate connection. The craftsmen are given time to discuss with the community service team. The evaluation shows, there is an increase in craftsmen performance scores after receiving the training, there was an increase of 44,74 or equivalent to 112,225%.

Concrete quality issues in multistory building construction in Ghana: Cases from Kumasi metropolis

This study investigated concrete quality issues at eleven multistory building construction sites in Kumasi metropolis amid several cases of multistory building collapses in Ghana. The objective was to understand key aspects of concrete quality problems at multistory building construction sites in Ghana to help recommend strategies for improving building safety standards. Apart from observing construction practices at the eleven construction sites, fresh concrete and constituent materials were sampled from four of the sites. The materials were used to produce concrete cube specimens, generally replicating the mixing ratios utilized at the sites. The site- and laboratory-produced concrete was tested for 28-day compressive strength. The site observations indicated that aggregate sourcing, stockpiling and batching practices promoted variability in concrete quality. Concrete production at the sites followed the recipe method (nominal mixing ratios), employing either low-capacity concrete mixers or hand-mixing. Consolidation, curing and quality control testing of concrete were not regular practices, and segregation and honeycombs were common. The sites determined adequacy of mixing water by visual evaluation of concrete workability. Had water content been properly determined and measured, the compressive strength of the site-produced concrete, which ranged from 10 MPa to 18 MPa, could have been 26–100% higher. The compressive strengths of the site-produced concrete were 26–60% less than the minimum 28-day characteristic compressive cube strength of 25 MPa required for structural use in buildings in Ghana. If an appropriate water content had been used at the sites, the compressive strengths could have still been less than the specified 25 MPa by 9%, on average. These findings suggested that low concrete quality was a real issue and could pose significant building failure risk or performance inadequacy. While the Ghana Building Code contains several specifications that potentially promote high building construction quality, their enforcement was non-existent or weak. A collaborative system of construction quality assurance and training encompassing local government agencies, professional associations and laboratories of higher educational and research institutions is recommended to help improve access to material testing resources and high-quality technical expertise, as well as to disincentivize willful violation of construction regulations.

Transient Effect of Random Loads on Reinforced Cement Concrete Building on RCC Building with Staad Pro. V8i

Abstract. Dynamic load is one which changes with time quickly in comparison to the structure's natural frequency. If it varies quickly, the activity must be determined with a dynamic analysis. Explosive loads and impact loads are transients, or loads that are applied dynamically as one-half cycle of high amplitude. This transient load is applied only for a specific and typically short period of time in the case of blast loads typically less than one-tenth of a second. The response of the engineering structural building due to the reason of periodic load RCC building structure has been severely damaged, collapse and develop cracks. Bomb blast is the best example for impulsive load. To determine the response of a G+3 RCC building model in STAAD Pro subjected to triangular, rectangular and sinusoidal impulsive force for 0.5 seconds with maximum magnitude of 100kN. Effect of such loads on front, roof and side portion of the building studied. Observe that the critical deformations obtained on the front and roof portion of building. Effect of deformation along height of building was parabolic in nature with maximum deflection at top floor of building. It was also noted i.e sufficient reinforcement should be provided in beam, columns and slabs to impart ductility to the building against impulse loads.There is more demand for construction of high buildings due to increasing urbanization and population.

Observer-Based Nonlinear Control for Tower Cranes Suffering From Uncertain Friction and Actuator Constraints With Experimental Verification

Tower cranes are a class of important and useful tools for the transportation of large cargoes, especially in high building construction. Moreover, the combination of jibs' rotational movements and trolleys' translational movements can fulfill three-dimensional payload transportation in a huge outdoor workspace. However, complicated dynamics and different unfavorable environmental conditions in practice make the effective control of tower cranes very challenging. In this article, based on the original dynamic models without any linearization manipulations, we present a new output feedback control method to accomplish rapid jib and trolley positioning and payload sway suppression. In particular, the velocity signals are accurately obtained by an elaborately designed observer, instead of numerical differentiation manipulations to the measurable output variables (which may distort the original velocities to some extent). Based on the velocity estimates, the suggested controller can also handle uncertain friction. Additionally, the actuator constraints are fully considered during controller design, i.e., the calculated control inputs are both within the permitted ranges, thereby avoiding actuator saturation and degrading the control performance. For the entire closed-loop system, including the proposed controller, the state observer, and tower cranes, the asymptotic stability is strictly proven by Lyapunov-based techniques. Finally, some comparative and robustness verifications are implemented by hardware experiments.

Diagnosis of the Generation of Solid Waste in the Construction of a Building Under the Approach of Industrial Ecology

The construction industry generates 30% of the total solid waste in Chile, causing a high impact on the environment, due to the multiple inefficiencies generated in different stages of the development cycle of the projects, involving design, quality and characteristics of the materials in the construction of the referred project. The study covers only solid waste generated in the construction of high buildings, focusing on the area known as Industrial Ecology (IE). The IE aims to achieve that industrial systems have a behavior similar to that of natural ecosystems, allowing the linear model of production systems to become a cyclical model, promoting the interactions between economy, environment and society, developing the efficiency of industrial processes. The two main tools of IE were used: The Material Flow Analysis (MFA) and the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). MFA was used to obtained indicators from the main products or raw materials that are used and that are transformed into a waste in high buildings construction processes, such as: concrete, wood, iron, sheetrock, tiles and ceramics. The LCA served to identify, quantify and characterize the different potential environmental impacts in the area, such as: climate change, depletion of natural resources and occupation of soils, associated with each of the stages of existence of a product. After these two analyses, it was possible to identify the stage of the process in which the main losses of materials occur in the construction of a high building. In addition, it was possible to identify alternative scenarios of solid waste management among different companies that want to transform this waste into raw materials or by-products, saving production costs, reducing environmental impact and creating different types of industrial symbiosis.

Method of Land Cover Change and Number of Vehicles Increasing on Land Surface Temperature: Case Research of Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia

Urban Heat island phenomenon that occurs in some major cities to Indonesia can be caused by several factors like a construction of high building, land cover change and air pollution by motor vehicles. The phenomenon of small climate change in urban areas such as the city of Surabaya, the province of Jawa Timur can cause rising surface temperatures that can impact the decline in health and environmental degradation. This research was conducted to know the dynamics of land cover change, and dynamics of the vehicle to surface temperature in Surabaya city. Methods that are in use are a spatial analysis of multi-temporal imagery and analysis by using statistical data. The data used in surface temperature analysis and land cover analysis in the form of vegetation is Landsat-8 (OLI/TIRS) during the recording period from 2014 to 2019 and vehicle dynamics data. The results showed a change of land cover with an estimated area of 2989,8 ha, a rise in surface temperature with an estimate of 3.95 0C, and with the increase in a several of vehicles by 929.225 units from 2013 until 2018. Large surface temperature shows the areas with crowded activities such as settlements area, industrial zone, and government zone.

Анализ загруженности трафика на главных улицах электронного города c применением индекса перегрузки и искусственной нейронной сети (на примере города Хамедан)

Smart cities are a kind of umbrellas of different technologies for responding to the problem of increasing urban population. The priority of intelligent electronic cities is a strategy to collecting information about the city and its smart use to improve the provided services to citizens or to create new services. These smart cities have weather forecast, urban monitoring, pollution monitoring and various applications. Traffic is a major challenge for electronic cities and coping with it requires analyzing traffic congestion in the city road network. The data transmission with wireless signals in smart cities is one of the challenges because construction of high buildings and barriers reduces the power and quality of the signal. Widespread use of wireless signals and equipment may lead to interference and reduce service quality. Therefore, in order to solve the traffic problem, it is necessary to achieve traffic congestion levels by collecting information, especially with wireless signals so that it can be programmed to control and manage traffic. In this paper, the performance index of vehicle speed was estimated to evaluate the conditions of road networks. This study analyzes the traffic density for the main network of Hamedan communication routes based on the collected data of Speed performance of Hamedan traffic control system. According to this analysis, the congestion index and traffic peak hours were determined. Also the relationship between vehicle speed and traffic congestion was predicted by neural network and the genetic algorithm. In this study areas of traffic were identified using Hamedan Traffic Control Center according with the speed of vehicles.

Association of Demographic Characteristics of Construction Workers and Work Environments to Workplace Accident in High Building (Hotel) Construction

Introduction: Until now construction sector is still dominant contributors on workplace accident (WA) in Indonesia. However, there is a limited report analysing the causal factors. Demographic characteristics and work environment are suspected factors to be responsible on this condition. Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the factors associated with WA occurrence on high building (hotel) construction. Method: This research has been conducted on 105 workers at a high building construction in Samarinda by one of Indonesian largest construction company. Factors observed were age, working experience, level of education, working time, adherence to a standard operating procedure, health and safety knowledge, health and safety attitude, level of noise, lighting at a workplace, and work fatigue. Cramer’s V test and odds ratio were applied to see an association between the WA occurrence and the factors as well as their level. Results: During the 11 months construction, 58 WA occurrence were recorded. It is about 55.2% of the whole number of workers. Age (p=0.000), working experience (p=0.000), working time per day (p=0.001), adherence to SOP (p=0.000), lighting exposure (p=0.03) and health and safety knowledge (p=0.000) showed significance correlation on the WA occurrence. Conclusions: Construction sector is still high risk work sector in Indonesia. Demographic characteristic (age, working experience and health safety knowledge) and working environment (working time, adherence of SOP, lighting exposure) are essential factors need to be considered to overcome the WA occurrence in high building construction.

Influence of trees on the energy consumption of a social housing in mid-western Brazil

In the last decades, many studies have shown ample evidence that the existence of trees and vegetation around buildings can contribute to reduce the demand for energy by cooling and heating. The use of green areas in the urban environment as an effective strategy in reducing the cooling load of buildings has attracted much attention, though there is a lack of quantitative actions to apply the general idea to a specific building or location. Due to the large-scale construction of high buildings, large amounts of solar radiation are reflected and stored in the canyons of the streets. This causes higher air temperature and surface temperature in city areas compared to the rural environment and, consequently, deteriorates the urban heat island effect. The constant high temperatures lead to more air conditioning demand time, which results in a significant increase in building energy consumption. In general, the shade of the trees reduces the building energy demand for air conditioning, reducing solar radiation on the walls and roofs. The increase of urban green spaces has been extensively accepted as effective in mitigating the effects of heat island and reducing energy use in buildings. However, by influencing temperatures, especially extreme, it is likely that trees also affect human health, an important economic variable of interest. Since human behavior has a major influence on maintaining environmental quality, today's urban problems such as air and water pollution, floods, excessive noise, cause serious damage to the physical and mental health of the population. By minimizing these problems, vegetation (especially trees) is generally known to provide a range of ecosystem services such as rainwater reduction, air pollution mitigation, noise reduction, etc. This study focuses on the functions of temperature regulation, improvement of external thermal comfort and cooling energy reduction, so it aims to evaluate the influence of trees on the energy consumption of a house in the mid-western Brazil, located at latitude 15 ° S, in the center of South America. The methodology adopted was computer simulation, analyzing two scenarios that deal with issues such as the influence of vegetation and tree shade on the energy consumption of a building. In this way, the methodological procedures were divided into three stages: climatic contextualization of the study region; definition of a basic dwelling, of the thermophysical properties; computational simulation for quantification of energy consumption for the four facade orientations. The results show that the façades orientated to north, east and south, without the insertion of arboreal shading, obtained higher values of annual energy consumption. With the adoption of shading, the facades obtained a consumption reduction of around 7,4%. It is concluded that shading vegetation can bring significant climatic contribution to the interior of built environments and, consequently, reduction in energy consumption, promoting improvements in the thermal comfort conditions of users.

A rotary tower crane system: an appealing problem in nonholonomic mechanics

ABSTRACT Cranes system is widely used to transport heavy loads and hazardous materials in shipyards, factories, nuclear installations and high-building construction and plays an important role in the production process and serves to transfer loads from one place to another. Cranes are the best way of providing a heavy lifting facility covering virtually the whole area of the industry. The equations of motion of a rotary tower crane are highly non-linear, and rolling without slipping condition of the trolley on the jib plane can only be expressed by nonholonomic constraint equations. In this paper, a geometrical theory of general nonholonomic constrained systems on fibred manifolds and their jet prolongations, based on so-called Chetaev-type constraint forces, was applied to the above-mentioned mechanical problem. The dynamical model is preserved in simulations in its original non-linear form without any simplification. The results of numerical solutions of constrained equations of motion, derived within the theory, open the possibility of direct application of the theory to practical situations.

Analysis of the High Buildings Structure

An analysis of the high building construction has been presented in the paper. Recently high buildings are getting more popular and more common in urban building industry. Moreover nowadays the main trend of the erected constructions is energy saving. Therefore there is necessity to connect these two features. Very helpful for that purpose can be a modern glazing building elevation, which can be used as a solar collectors. For the analysis five different types of high building structures have been taken. As the first analyzed model, core – frame construction with the columns placed on the edge of the building has been considered. In this case the area of glazing surface has been significantly reduced. That is why in a second model, it was decided to move back the columns from the edge, 1.0 meter inside the building. However, for this type of construction, according to obtained results, horizontal displacement of the top of building was greater than allowed by specified standards. In order to fulfill standard requirements and keep a sufficiently large area of glazing, in the third analyzed model extra beams were inserted on the height of 2.5m. In the fourth model added a little truss.

크라우드 소싱을 이용한 실내 공간 네트워크 생성

건축 기술이 발달하고 도시의 인구 집약도가 늘어남에 따라 도심의 대형 건물 또한 늘고 있다. 이에 따라 대형 건물 내부의 위치를 쉽게 파악하고 실내 정보를 쉽게 취득할 수 있는 여러 서비스들이 많이 제공되고 있는데 실내 내비게이션 및 실내지도서비스 등이 그 예이다. 이러한 서비스들이 제공되기 위해서 가장 기초가 되어야할 정보 중 하나는 실내 네트워크 정보이다. 건물의 실내 네트워크는 실내의 각 공간들의 연결 관계에 대한 정보를 제공하며 건물의 기하 정보와는 달리 위상적 특성을 가진다. 하지만 현재 이러한 실내 네트워크를 구축하기 위해서는 건물의 기하 정보를 뒷받침하여 계산하거나 사람이 직접 도면을 이용하여 구축해야 된다. 이는 단순한 건물일 경우에는 쉬운 작업일 수 있지만 복잡한 대형 건물에서는 그 구축이 힘들다. 이를 해소할 방안으로 본 논문에서는, 사람들의 실내 이동정보를 크라우드소싱 방법으로 건물의 실내 네트워크를 자동으로 생성하는 방법론을 제안한다. 수집된 보행자의 이동 데이터를 분석하여, 실내 네트워크를 추출하는 방식이다. 실내에서의 보행자 이동 데이터 수집에 대한 실내측위 환경이 잘 구축되어 있다면 본 방법론은 현실적이고 실질적인 건물의 실내 네트워크를 생성하는데 기여할 것이라 생각된다. Due to high density of population and progress of high building construction technologies, the number of high buildings has been increasing. Several information services have been provided to figure out complex indoor structures of building such as indoor navigations and indoor map services. The most fundamental information for these services are indoor network information. Indoor network in building provides topological connectivity between spaces unlike geometric information of buildings. In order to make indoor network information, we have to edit network manually or derive network properties based on the geometric data of buildings. This process is not easy for complex buildings. In this paper, we suggest a method to generate indoor network automatically based on crowdsourcing. From the collected individual trajectories, we derive indoor network information with crowdsourcing. We validate our method with a sample set of trajectory data and the result shows that our method is practical if the indoor positioning technology is reasonably accurate.

An Analysis of the Control Points in the High-Rise Building Construction Management

With the development of economy, high-rise buildings in medium and small cities quickly developed and what to bring the great challenge and higher requirements for Construction enterprise. Combined with the construction features of the high-rise buildings, in construction management work, strengthening the key of the control is one of the best way to promote quickly at the top of the construction enterprise management level. This paper respectively from the high building construction organization management measures, the construction organization design, dynamic control and the deep foundation pit supporting, the standard lines control and the strength of concrete control analysis and expounds that high-rise building construction of management of the control points.

都市の熱環境制御手法に関する研究

With the development of urbanization, physical structure of urban land surface is subject to rapid changes due to expanded urbanized areas, construction of higher buildings, decreasing evaporating areas, etc. This causes geometrical and climatic changes in cities, such as the rise in average tempareture, formation of heat islands and dry weather. Such mechanism is accelerated by increasing population and energy consumption in cities. In order to establish an ecologically sound city, it is imperative to study the relationship between the physical structure of the city and its thermal characteristics and thereby to establish the technical measures to control its thermal environment. The relation between the physical parameters of the surface of the earth and the urban temperature is studied by using Myrup's one-dimensional energy budget model. Then, the model is improved so as to take into account the role of the heat capacity and the net infrared flux at the surface of the earth. Thus the thermal structure of the city is expressed in terms of the roughness length, relative humidity, albedo, and heat capacity of the urban canopy. Surface temperature estimated by the model is compared with the brightness temperature obtaind by remote sensing data (LANDSAT TM), and a fairly good agreement is obtained between them.

Foam‐water sprinkler protection for flammable liquids

AbstractCompanies involved in the handling, processing, and storage of flammable liquids all share a common denominator: the hazards of the business. Loss experience within chemical and related industries, and their respective distribution chains, continues to reaffirm the need to maintain active and aggressive internal loss‐prevention programs. Losses, fire research, technological advances, the code‐making process, and the individual efforts of loss prevention professionals have produced design concepts and standards for sprinkler protection of flammable liquids. Industrial fire losses have been widely publicized. These losses have heightened to invoke concern with respect to “real‐world” ignition scenarios, sprinkler system design criteria, and hazardous material runoff. While thorough investigations have not been made public in all cases, industry knowledge of causal and other loss‐related factors is vital for the prevention of future losses. At the same time, industry is facing reaction—in the form of high building construction costs—called for by model fire and building codes when hazardous materials are involved.

A “Machine That Makes the Land Pay”: The West Street Building in New York

A “Machine That Makes the Land Pay”: The West Street Building in New York