Construction Of Chains Research Articles

Discrimination and synthesis of recursive quantum states in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces

We propose an interferometric method for statistically discriminating between nonorthogonal states in high dimensional Hilbert spaces for use in quantum information processing. The method is illustrated for the case of photon orbital angular momentum (OAM) states. These states belong to pairs of bases that are mutually unbiased on a sequence of two-dimensional subspaces of the full Hilbert space, but the vectors within the same basis are not necessarily orthogonal to each other. Over multiple trials, this method allows distinguishing OAM eigenstates from superpositions of multiple such eigenstates. Variations of the same method are then shown to be capable of preparing and detecting arbitrary linear combinations of states in Hilbert space. One further variation allows the construction of chains of states obeying recurrence relations on the Hilbert space itself, opening a new range of possibilities for more abstract information-coding algorithms to be carried out experimentally in a simple manner. Among other applications, we show that this approach provides a simplified means of switching between pairs of high-dimensional mutually unbiased OAM bases.

Ring‐Expansion Living Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers: Optimized Ring Propagation

SummaryFor the “ring‐expansion” living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers that has recently been achieved for the first time with a hemiacetal ester‐embedded cyclic initiator (1), we investigated the effects of reaction conditions (Lewis acid catalysts/activators, solvents, temperature, and reagent concentration) on the selectivity and controllability for construction of ring chains. For example, the choice of the Lewis acid catalysts turned out crucial. Specifically, tin tetrabrommide (SnBr4) was suitable, with which an undisturbed ring‐expansion propagation proceeded without irreversible side reactions, to selectively construct the ring topology, though accompanied by “ring fusion” into fused ring polymers of higher molelcular weights. The fusion event, however, could be suppressed by decreasing concentration of the initiator, namely, polymers to be formed therefrom. Under these optimized conditions, the propagation is controlled enough to allow sequential addition of monomers to give either chain‐extended homopolymers or block copolymers. Thus, the ring‐expansion cationic polymerization is potentially a powerful tool to construct ring polymer architectures with precision control similar to that for linear living polymers.

Automated generation of partial Markov chain from high level descriptions

We propose an algorithm to generate partial Markov chains from high level implicit descriptions, namely AltaRica models. This algorithm relies on two components. First, a variation on Dijkstra׳s algorithm to compute shortest paths in a graph. Second, the definition of a notion of distance to select which states must be kept and which can be safely discarded.The proposed method solves two problems at once. First, it avoids a manual construction of Markov chains, which is both tedious and error prone. Second, up the price of acceptable approximations, it makes it possible to push back dramatically the exponential blow-up of the size of the resulting chains.We report experimental results that show the efficiency of the proposed approach.

On Lie groups and Toda lattices

We extend the construction of the relativistic Toda chains as integrable systems on the Poisson submanifolds in Lie groups beyond the case of the A-series. For the simply laced case this is just a direct generalization of the well-known relativistic Toda chains procedure, and we construct explicitly the set of Ad-invariant integrals of motion on symplectic leaves, which can be described using Poisson quivers, which are just blown-up Dynkin diagrams. We also demonstrate how to get the set of ‘minimal’ integrals of motion, using the co-multiplication rules for the corresponding Lie algebras. In the non-simply laced case the corresponding Bogoyavlensky–Coxeter–Toda systems are constructed using the Fock–Goncharov folding of the corresponding Poisson submanifolds. We discuss also how this procedure can be extended for the affine case beyond the A-series, and consider explicitly an example from the affine D-series.

Cloud- and Agent-Based Geospatial Service Chain: A Case Study of Submerged Crops Analysis During Flooding of the Yangtze River Basin

More intelligent construction of geospatial service chains and more efficient execution of such service chains remain major challenges in distributed geospatial analysis. This study addresses these challenges using a Cloud- and agent-based approach for automatic and intelligent construction of a geospatial service chain in the Cloud environment. A spatial agent infrastructure comprising fundamental services and an agent interface is designed, implemented, and deployed. Our approach involves a strategy for selecting and aggregating appropriate agents and Web-processing services (WPS) by evaluating their availability. This strategy ensures successful construction of a geospatial service chain in the Cloud environment, even when there is a lack of requisite geospatial services in the system. Moreover, the method can significantly increase the speed of a service chain in distributed environments and retains high stability when more requests are submitted over various network conditions. This is because the computing mobility and intelligence of the agent help to avoid transfer of large volumes of spatial data and keep the load balanced during construction and execution of the service chain. A prototype system for analysis of submerged crops during flooding of the Yangtze River basin demonstrates the advantages of our approach over existing methods.

An integrated model for green partner selection and supply chain construction

Stricter governmental regulations and rising public awareness of environmental issues are pressurising firms to make their supply chains greener. Partner selection is a critical activity in constructing a green supply chain because the environmental performance of the whole supply chain is significantly affected by all its constituents. The paper presents a model for green partner selection and supply chain construction by combining analytic network process (ANP) and multi-objective programming (MOP) methodologies. The model offers a new way of solving the green partner selection and supply chain construction problem both effectively and efficiently as it enables decision-makers to simultaneously minimize the negative environmental impact of the supply chain whilst maximizing its business performance. The paper also develops an additional decision-making tool in the form of the environmental difference, the business difference and the eco-efficiency ratio which quantify the trade-offs between environmental and business performance. The applicability and practicability of the model is demonstrated in an illustration of its use in the Chinese electrical appliance and equipment manufacturing industry.

Construction of Topological Macromolecular Side Chains Packing Model: Study Unique Relationship and Differences in LC-Microstructures and Properties of Two Analogous Architectures with Well-Designed Side Attachment Density

A new series of linear–comb and 4-arm star–comb side chain liquid crystalline polymers (Lc-/Sc-SCLCPs) have been synthesized and characterized. The treatment of hydride siloxane-containing terminated liquid crystalline and high 1,2-/1,4- (high vinyl, hv/low vinyl, lv) linear or 4-arm star polybutadienes (L-/S-PBs) was conducted via the methods in combination of living anionic polymerization and “reverse” hydrosilylation to obtain SCLCPs with wide mesomorphic temperature range (ΔT) and narrow polydispersity index (PDI). The possible molecular arrangement model of two analogous hv-/lv-architectures was constructed, that was used to systematically investigate the effects of Lc- and Sc- topological morphology on liquid crystalline (LC) properties and molecular microstructures. SCLCPs exhibited the same smectic A phase around room temperature, but thermal properties were significantly different due to differences of interaction force resulting from different macromolecular side chains packing. Surprisingly, th...

Achieving Marton’s Region for Broadcast Channels Using Polar Codes

This paper presents polar coding schemes for the two-user discrete memoryless broadcast channel (DM-BC) which achieve Marton’s region with both common and private messages. This is the best achievable rate region known to date, and it is tight for all classes of two-user DM-BCs whose capacity regions are known. To accomplish this task, we first construct polar codes for both the superposition as well as binning strategy. By combining these two schemes, we obtain Marton’s region with private messages only. Finally, we show how to handle the case of common information. The proposed coding schemes possess the usual advantages of polar codes, i.e., they have low encoding and decoding complexity and a superpolynomial decay rate of the error probability. We follow the lead of Goela, Abbe, and Gastpar, who recently introduced polar codes emulating the superposition and binning schemes. To align the polar indices, for both schemes, their solution involves some degradedness constraints that are assumed to hold between the auxiliary random variables and channel outputs. To remove these constraints, we consider the transmission of $k$ blocks and employ a chaining construction that guarantees the proper alignment of the polarized indices. The techniques described in this paper are quite general, and they can be adopted to many other multiterminal scenarios whenever there polar indices need to be aligned.

A method for designing power supply chain networks accounting for failure scenarios and preventive maintenance

A power grid is vulnerable and failures are inevitable. Failures decrease the power supply with an adverse effect on meeting the demand for electricity. Therefore, there is a need for a method to design power grid networks that result in the least possible disruption to the power supply when a failure occurs. In the literature, the focus has been on the design of the generation system without considering the transmission system or failures in the transmission system. Since power grids are integrated generation and transmission systems, each system will affect the other, so both generation and transmission systems need to be considered, as they are in this article. Methods developed for the structural modelling and analysis of supply chains are shown to be useful. The focus in this article is on describing a method using the supply chain construct for designing power grids that are relatively insensitive to failure in the integrated generation and transmission system. The efficacy of the method is illustrated using data from the Tehran Regional Electric Company. One of the findings is that targeted failures have a higher impact on decreasing the performance of the power grid than random failures. However, the focus is on the method rather than the results per se.

Influence of N-donor sites in 5-(x-pyridyl)-1H-tetrazole ligands (x = 2, 4) on assembly of polyoxometalate-based compounds modified by multinuclear metal clusters and infinite chains

Through tuning the N-donor site of the pyridyl group in 5-(x-pyridyl)-1H-tetrazole ligands (x = 2, 4), four new Keggin-based compounds, [Cu7(2-ptz)8(OH)2(H2O)2(HPMoVI10MoV2O40)]·4H2O (1), [Cu5(2-ptz)6(HPMoVI10MoV2O40)(H2O)4]·4H2O (2), [Ag6(4-ptz)4(H2SiMo12O40)] (3) and [Ag5(4-ptz)4(H2PMo12O40)]·5H2O (4) (2-ptzH = 5-(2-pyridyl)-1H-tetrazole, 4-ptzH = 5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-tetrazole), were successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized. Compound 1 possesses two kinds of CuII subunits: penta-nuclear clusters and mono-nuclear subunits, which connect with each other to form a one dimensional (1D) stair-like metal–organic chain. The adjacent 1D stair-like chains are further linked by tetradentate Keggin anions to construct a 2D layer. In compound 2, the tetra-nuclear CuII clusters and mono-nuclear CuII subunits construct a 2D metal–organic layer, which is further linked by bidentate Keggin anions to build a 3D framework. In compound 3, the 4-ptz ligand links AgI ions with tetrazole groups to form 1D infinite Ag–ptz chains, which are extended by the pyridyl group of 4-ptz and the tetrazole groups of other 4-ptz molecules to construct a 2D layer. The adjacent 2D layers are further linked by 6-connected Keggin anions to build a 3D framework. In compound 4, the 4-ptz ligands are linked by AgI ions to form 1D infinite Ag–ptz belts. The Keggin anions are linked by AgI ions to construct another infinite inorganic chain, in which each Keggin anion provides six oxygen atoms to coordinate with the AgI ions from adjacent Ag–ptz belts to construct a 2D layer. The roles of the ptz ligands with different N-donor sites in the construction of multinuclear clusters and 1D chains are discussed. The electrochemical and photocatalytic properties of the title compounds were investigated as well.

ЛОГИСТИКА ТОРГОВОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ: МОДЕЛИ И МЕТОДЫ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОГО РАЗМЕЩЕНИЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ РЫНОЧНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА – СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ

In the previous issue of “Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series: Economics and Management” scientific journal there were presented some research results of the possibility of transfer and development of existing models and methods of spatial theories of market-based economy objects location in the trade operation logistics. In this article we continue to review modern approaches to the use of these models and methods applied to logistics. There some research results presented for the continuation to the study of the spatial competition influence on the location of trade objects. The results are about the possibility of the use of rental potential influence assessment – the difference between the minimum expenses on the development of the relevant type of entrepreneurial activity – in a particular geographic location. In the process of exploration of all possible methods and models of spatial theories of market-based economy objects location the prospect use of the highlighting methodology of different commercial activity areas of trading enterprises is proved. In particular, the methodology is tested on retail trade enterprises and public catering enterprises. Along with the presentation of a number of modern approaches to the zoning of retail space, the authors of the article present some methods, used in the economy development of the Soviet period (in 1950–1990), for the search of the optimal places of the location of trading network and public catering enterprises network. It is proved that the concepts and standards of the Soviet period are of some interest only in theoretical terms and can not be implemented in their pure form, especially in major cities. Consequently, they require updating and refinement, as well as making new economic sense in the performance standards, currently used in the design of retail trade and public catering enterprises network, which has a significant impact on the construction of supply chains and the development of trade operation logistics.

The development and use of a general route to brassinolide, its biosynthetic precursors, metabolites and analogues.

A new method for the construction of steroid side chains through the addition of lithium salts of dithianes to a C-22 aldehyde was developed. An efficient one-pot procedure for the preparation of a suitable C-22 aldehyde from commercial epibrassinolide in three steps in 86% isolated yield was described. Enantioselective hydroxymethylation of isovaleraldehyde and Kulinkovich cyclopropanation of silylated Roche esters were used as key steps for the dithiane syntheses. The method was applied for the preparation of brassinolide, its biosynthetic precursors and metabolites. In addition, a number of brassinosteroids with a double bond in the side chain were prepared as precursors for tritiated derivatives for biosynthetic studies.

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Diplozoon kashmirensis; D. aegyptensis and D. guptai Collected from Fishes of Kashmir Valley- India

The study reports the results of molecular characterization of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA of 3 Monogenean species using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nucleotide sequencing and construction of phylogenetic trees from different fish hosts of Kashmir. The present study shows that the size of the amplified product is 873bp long for D. kashmirensis, 1120bp long in D. aegyptensis and 687bp long in D. guptai revealing that there are intraspecific differences in their base pair lengths. Guanine and Cytocine (G+C) content of three Diplozoon species was found nearly constant for three species i.e., 47% (D. kashmirensis); 47% (D. aegyptensis) and 48% (D. guptai), this GC richness contributes to physical attributes of RNA structures, as there is correlation between GC content and optimal growth temperature. An important observation during the present study has been noticed that Schizothorax niger is infected by all the three species of Diplozoidae; D. kashmirensis; D. aegyptensis and D. guptai, but when all six fishes were collected simultaneously, parasitism by all the parasite species was never observed. Phylogenetic trees Maximum Parsimony (MP), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Neighbor Joining (NJ) showed that D. kashmirensis and D. aegyptensis share a common host Carassius carassius and S. niger.

The Research of Scrapped Automobiles Recycling and Disassembling Industry Development Based on Auto Industry Chain

2 Torch high technology industry development center of Ministry of science and technology, Beijing 100045, China Abstract. The number of China's scrapped car is on an explosively growing trend, and the development of scrapped car recycling industry has a golden prospect. The current scrapped car recycling system is not perfect in our country, because related industries driven by market develop slowly, and there are some outstanding problems such as potential safety risks, environmental pollution and resource waste. The paper analyzes and studies the existing problems and countermeasures to investigate the development strategy of scrapped car recycling industry according to the whole automobile industry chain construction, technology and equipment conditions, policy guidance, etc. and at last explore the new industrial development pattern of serving automobile reverse design.

A three dimensional visualisation approach to protein heavy-atom structure reconstruction.

BackgroundA commonly recurring problem in structural protein studies, is the determination of all heavy atom positions from the knowledge of the central α-carbon coordinates.ResultsWe employ advances in virtual reality to address the problem. The outcome is a 3D visualisation based technique where all the heavy backbone and side chain atoms are treated on equal footing, in terms of the Cα coordinates. Each heavy atom is visualised on the surfaces of a different two-sphere, that is centered at another heavy backbone and side chain atoms. In particular, the rotamers are visible as clusters, that display a clear and strong dependence on the underlying backbone secondary structure.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that there is a clear interdependence between rotameric states and secondary structure. Our method easily detects those atoms in a crystallographic protein structure which are either outliers or have been likely misplaced, possibly due to radiation damage. Our approach forms a basis for the development of a new generation, visualization based side chain construction, validation and refinement tools. The heavy atom positions are identified in a manner which accounts for the secondary structure environment, leading to improved accuracy.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12900-014-0027-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Enterprise security management in the transportation projects

This paper is a conceptual method in security management for the transportation and supply chain construction projects. According to this paper, it is necessary to provide security requirements from start time of planning in projects. By enhancement in project construction phase, the cost of security is increased. It is possible that after complete time of project, security management in the projects be impossible. By considering enterprise security management can decrease the probability of terrorism and harmful phenomenon’s in the transportation systems.

Repeated root cyclic [formula omitted]-linear codes over [formula omitted

Let Fq be a finite field of cardinality q, where q is a power of a prime number p, n a positive multiple of p, l a prime number and Fql an extension field of Fq with degree l. First, the structure and a canonical form decomposition of any cyclic Fq-linear code over Fpl of length n are presented. Then from this decomposition and by the theory of linear codes over finite chain rings, enumeration, construction and encoder of these codes are investigated. Furthermore, the dual code of any cyclic Fq-linear code over Fpl of length n is studied.

Linking collaboration and integration to risk and performance in supply chains via a review of literature reviews

Purpose– This paper aims to assess the links among these supply chain constructs by conducting a full-scale systematic review of all supply chain management (SCM) literature reviews published in ten leading logistics, SCM and operations management journals from 1989 to 2012. Collaboration and integration are as central to SCM as risk and performance management.Design/methodology/approach– The authors apply content analysis to execute the systematic literature review on the sample of 103 articles, supplemented by contingency analysis. These approaches guarantee a replicable, rigorous and transparent research process and minimize researcher bias. The analytical categories required for the content analysis are defined along the constructs of collaboration/integration and risk/performance.Findings– As can be expected, the review highlights the key role of the two constructs in SCM. In this light, the research claims to provide statistical evidence of a link between the constructs of collaboration/integration and risk/performance, most notably between collaboration and performance, information sharing and rewards sharing, as well as integration and supply chain performance.Research limitations/implications– The study assesses the link between the constructs of collaboration/integration and risk/performance through research embedded in literature reviews, pinpointing research gaps and potential future research directions in the field. Contributing to SCM theory building, a thorough review provides statistical proof of the link between collaboration/integration and risk/performance.Originality/value– Although numerous literature reviews have been conducted in the past on the SCM constructs of collaboration/integration and risk/performance, no full review of literature reviews aiming to test a theoretical link in the here presented form has yet been undertaken to the authors’ knowledge.

An Efficient Energy Clustering by Dynamic Multi-Chain Model in WSN

Effective and Efficient gathering data from different environments can be done by a large number of sensors are available in Wireless sensor networks currently for maximizing the network lifetime and minimizing the energy consumption and transmission delay. Because of sensors are working based on the power, it is compulsory to design an efficient protocol to save the energy as much as possible while routing. In this paper we propose an Energy Efficient Cluster-Dynamic Multi Chain Model (ECDMCM) model, efficient data aggregation and passing method in a routing protocol where the cluster Heads are connected dynamically in a chain manner. The chain construction occurs dynamically and the cluster head rotates locally inside the cluster over energy as well as distance between the cluster nodes and other cluster Heads. In the existing systems the cluster head elected over energy or distance. During the transmission of data re- formation of cluster does not exist. The outcome of results show that our suggested protocol significantly performs LEACH, CBRP and PEGASIS functions in terms of lifetime of network, period stability , instability period, energy consumption, transmission delay and the total number of data received at base station.

New Thiadiazole Dioxide Bridging Ligand with a Stable Radical Form for the Construction of Magnetic Coordination Chains

A new thiadiazole dioxide-type bridging ligand with the ability to form stable anionic radicals and the ability to chelate two metal centers in a symmetric fashion has been designed, synthesized, and fully characterized. Its paramagnetic potassium salt and an example of a CuII coordination chain were also obtained.