Construction Materials Science Research Articles

Evaluating Recycled PET as an Alternative Material for the Construction Sector Towards Sustainability

Addressing the environmental threat of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) waste is critical for sustainable development. Despite PET's prevalence in everyday products, its improper disposal endangers environmental health. This study targets a pivotal gap in current research. PET waste's potential as a sustainable building material will be thoroughly evaluated, focusing on whether recycling PET waste is feasible. In the construction industry, it can be a substitute for natural sand and an additive in cement. This study contributes to a dual-purpose solution: mitigating environmental pollution and innovating in construction material science. The systematic literature review (SLR) delves into existing studies, focusing on PET's impact on concrete properties when substituting natural sand at ratios of 5% to 20% and as a cement additive at 0.5% to 2% by weight. The findings revealed that up to a 10% PET replacement enhances compressive strength, highlighting a sustainable pathway for construction practices. However, replacements above 10% show a reduction in strength, indicating an optimal substitution threshold. Moreover, incorporating PET additives at 1% by cement weight optimizes flexural strength, underscoring the material's viability in enhancing structural integrity. This study sheds light on PET waste's application in reducing environmental impact and proposes a viable, eco-friendly alternative for construction materials. The recommendation for further research underscores the necessity to refine PET's application in construction, aiming to bridge the knowledge gap and encourage sustainable future innovations. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-04-020 Full Text: PDF

Sewing technologies as interdisciplinary innovations in architecture

The article explores interdisciplinary approaches in architecture related to the use of sewing and textile production technologies. The main technological processes of manufacturing sewing and textile products, as well as adapted sewing production technologies in research prototypes and real buildings and structures made of wood are considered. The research is conducted on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach, involving knowledge from the history of architecture, applied arts and design, information technology and engineering. Special attention is paid to the experimental work of the University of Stuttgart, where automated production processes are used to create experimental architectural prototypes from multilayer wooden veneer. As a result of the study, three main stages of technological processes for the manufacture of garments were identified, which can be adapted for the manufacture of architectural objects. It is demonstrated that an interdisciplinary approach using sewing and textile technologies leads to a revision of techniques and methods in the fields of construction engineering, automation, digital manufacturing and materials science. Experimental prototypes and structures not only have efficient and resource-saving qualities, but also have a high level of architectural and artistic solutions. The use of sewing technologies opens up new opportunities for creating innovative and unique forms and designs in architecture.

Physico-Chemical Substantiation of Obtaining an Effective Cement Composite with Ultrafine GGBS Admixture

To solve a number of problems in construction materials science, composites with nano and ultrafine admixtures were analyzed. Their properties were studied, taking into account the variants of homogenization and stabilization of the system. To characterize the processes of the structure formation of a new material, mathematical methods were also applied. According to the literature review, the aim of the work was formulated. The subject of this research is to conduct physico-chemical studies that characterize the processes occurring during the homogenization and stabilization of the cement system with GGBS components and to establish the effect of the admixture on the properties of the composite. To achieve this goal, an ultrafine admixture based on GGBS was obtained, and the possibility of its introduction into the cement system in the form of a stabilized suspension instead of mixing water was considered. To provide increased characteristics of cement stone modified with the ultrafine admixture, a number of tests were carried out to study homogenization and stabilization of fine slag particles in suspension. The ultrasonic processing parameters were defined to provide uniform distribution of fine slag additive in the suspension: the processing time is 15–20 min, the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations is 44 kHz, the temperature of the dispersed medium is 25 ± 2 °C. To define physical and chemical processes appearing during the introduction of fine slag into water and water-polymer dispersed medium, the mechanism of interaction between fine slag and water was studied. In addition, the mechanism of chemisorption on the surface of fine slag particles and the stabilization mechanism of ultrafine slag particles with a plasticizer was studied to form the concept of aggregate and sedimentation stability of slag particles in suspension. It was found that the stabilization of fine slag particles by a plasticizer is significantly influenced by the hardness of water. The higher the water hardness, the more plasticizer required to stabilize the fine slag particles. At the same time, it was established that the concentration of the plasticizer should not exceed the critical micelle concentration value. If it is exceeded, the plasticizer solution transforms into the micellar colloidal system, and the stabilization of fine slag suspension will not occur. The studies of homogenization and stabilization of the slag suspension allowed the authors to substantiate the possibility of uniform distribution of fine particles in the cement matrix, followed by the formation of a denser and stronger cement stone structure. Cement-sand samples based on Portland cement (OPC) and slag-Portland cement (SPC) with GGBFS admixture showed higher compressive and flexural strength characteristics in the initial hardening periods and at 28 days. It was found that modified samples are more stable in an aggressive medium. On the 90th day of exposure, the resistance coefficient was 0.9 for a modified sample based on OPC and 0.98 for a modified sample based on SPC. The increased sulfate attack resistance of the samples is due to the formation of a dense stone with reduced porosity. It is noted that the porosity of modified OPC samples decreases by 14% and by 18% for SPC-based modified samples compared to the control sample at 28 days. Due to the fact that pores in the cement stone are blocked with hydration products, which make the structure of the cement stone denser, the filtration of aggressive solutions deep into its structure is difficult. Thus, the obtained concrete based on a cement composite with ultrafine slag can be applied as a protective layer of steel reinforcement in a reinforced concrete structure.

Влияние содержания комплексных добавок на деформационные характеристики цемента

Introduction. When using concrete and reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to overcome problems associated with the quality of concrete to shrink in size and experience shrinkage during hardening and drying. To solve problems with shrinkage, special attention is paid to the materials that, when added to ordinary portland cement, make it possible to obtain non-shrinkable, expanding types of cements. A well-known way of producing expanding cements is to grind cement clinker, gypsum and a special additive together. In addition, the introduction of active mineral additives with pozzolanic properties allows to compact the structure of the cement stone, reduce porosity, increase strength and reduce shrinkage. They also save the clinker for the cement production, help to reduce the cost of production and help to reduce the burden on the environment. One of these mineral additives is tripoli. Materials and methods. The effect of additives content on the deformation property of the composite binger was studied using the experiment planning method. Deformation of cement at the age of 2, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days were determined in accordance with the method of results processing in accordance with GOST R 56727–2015, GOST 11052–74. The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Construction Materials Science of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. Results. The results obtained are presented as the surface of a second level regression equation describing the dependence of the blinder deformation on the content of complex expanding and pozzolanic additives. As a result of the experiments conducted, the composition with the maximum expansion and the composition with maximum shrinkage using complex additives were obtained. The results will be further used to predict the deformation properties of the binder. Conclusions. Based on the results of this study, the authors will continue to study the properties of binders based on a complex expanding and pozzolanic additive in the future.

Continuity and scientific achievements as the results of the activities of the department "Construction materials science and road technologies" (based on the materials of the LSTU conference)

Continuity and scientific achievements as the results of the activities of the department "Construction materials science and road technologies" (based on the materials of the LSTU conference)

Integrated Urban Design

Currently, the issue of an integrated, interdisciplinary approach in the design of the urban environment is relevant, which is important to be taken into account when training specialists in the field of architecture. The purpose of this study is to introduce into the learning process the theoretical and methodological concept of the integrated organization of the spatial environment of the city, considering modern trends in the design of post-industrial society. The method of integrated design of urban environment model solves the problem of combining theory with practice in the training of architects. This method allows you to put science, arts and aesthetics, as well as the technical knowledge to the process of creative design. Integrated design implies application of fundamental and general knowledge of man, nature and society; and application of the theoretical foundations of urban planning science and landscape design. Integrated design implies selection and application in the creative process of new solutions in the field of construction physics, structures, materials science, planning and economics of design and construction; use of data on sociology, climatology, and environmental protection. This approach reveals the methods of design modeling, based on the peculiarities of the practical activities of the architect and offers effective ways to manage and organize the cognitive and creative activities of students. Updating previous experience when applying the integrated method of urban design helps to transfer the accumulated experience to solve the design problem, and better understand the architecture of the urban environment as a system with all its laws and patterns.

The effect of metal and polypropylene fiber on technological and physical mechanical properties of activated cement compositions

Increasing physical and mechanical properties of concretes by adding various types of fibers and simultaneously increasing the adhesion strength of "fiber-cement stone" by activating binder is an important scientific problem of modern construction materials science. In this work, the effect of the fiber of various material and size on the rheological properties of concrete mixtures and the physical and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete and mortar obtained by activation of portland cement in the vortex layer device was investigated. Dependence of impact viscosity on quantitative content of fiber was obtained. Self-compacting concrete with polydisperse reinforcement has been received by optimization of content of investigated types of fibers. In this work, for the first time, a structural analysis of disperse reinforcement of fiber concretes was carried out on the basis of the theory of Schklowskу-De Zhen. It has been shown that steel fibers form nodes of a "star" type mesh, and polypropylene fibers form "tangles" with a high concentration of fibers. In this case, the metal fiber increases the shear stress of the concrete mixture obtained by activation by 1.56 times, which is higher than the polypropylene fiber (up to 1.34 times). A similar effect of the fiber has been observed in determining the viscosity of the concrete mixture. It has been shown that the higher the geometric dimension of the fiber concrete structure the more impact is provided on the resistance to shrinkage development. The developed composition of the fiber concrete obtained by activating the binder in the vortex layer device can find wide application in construction practice.

Four-component high-strength polymineral binders

The use of composite binders instead of cement with the use of highly effective types of mineral raw materials, which has gone through the path of multi-stage natural activation due to deep geological processes, is a promising direction of modern construction materials science. The paper is devoted to the development of a resource-saving technology for obtaining high-strength composite binders for energy-efficient construction. The significance of this study is to focus on expanding the raw material base of polymineral binders at the expense of technogenic and substandard materials. The work is aimed at studying the nature of the joint interaction of alumina, silicate and carbonate components from natural and technogenic raw materials, taking into account its genesis in the processes of structure formation of multicomponent hardening systems. The novelty of the work lies in the establishment of regularities for the regulation of the structure and properties of the composite binders with powdered mineral modifiers. Comprehensive researches of natural raw materials included the study of its energy performance and particle sizes parameters after grinding. The synthesized polymineral binders were compared in terms of heat of hydration, rheological and physical–mechanical properties, as well as their microstructure. The developed modified cementitious pastes have a water-binding ratio of no more than 0.3; compressive strength of 81 MPa, flexural strength of 12 MPa. Accordingly, the cement composites have great potential for use in civil engineering.

KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN BEKISTING ALUMINIUM DAN PERTH CONSTRUCTION HIRE (PCH) DALAM MEWUJUDKAN LEAN CONSTRUCTION

Technological developments have led to innovations in construction materials science, one of which is formwork materials. There are several important aspects in formwork innovation, namely cost, speed, quality, waste, and health safety environtment (HSE), but they have not fully had a positive impact on construction project development. However, it has not fully had a positive impact on construction projects. In addition, what aluminum formwork manufacturers offer so far may not necessarily suit the needs of customers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the comparison in terms of cost, time, waste, and HSE between projects using aluminum formwork and the same project simulated using Formwork Perth Construction Hire (PCH). In this study: (1) simulation on the project if the project uses PCH formwork (2) comparative analysis of products in terms of time, cost, quality, waste, HSE on real projects using aluminum formwork with projects that have been simulated using PCH formwork. The effect of using aluminum formwork when compared to a simulation project using PCH formwork: (1) in terms of the time it can provide 25.92% savings on the total duration of the simulation results project, (2) in terms of costs, it can provide a total cost savings of IDR 895,756,004,00 (3) in terms of quality, the use of aluminum formwork is stronger, durable quality, and the results of the concrete molding are tidier than using PCH formwork (4) in terms of waste, projects that use aluminum formwork produce less waste than using PCH formwork. PCH formwork. (5) in terms of HSE, aluminum formwork is safer, more environmentally friendly because it has minimal waste, and is safe for workers

Comparison of influence of surfactants on thermokinetic characteristics of alkali-activated slag cement

Increasing the durability of concrete and reinforced concrete structures according to the criterion of crack resistance is a relevant task of construction materials science. To solve this task, this paper proposes effective solutions for adjusting thermofinite characteristics of alkali-activated slag cement (ASC) by using surfactants of various chemical nature in order to control the thermally-stressed state of concrete based on it (ASC concrete). The method of calorimetry was applied to show that the problematic issue is to adjust the structure formation of ASC by anion-active surface-active substances based on complex polyesters. This is predetermined by the instability of the molecular structure of surfactants in the hydration environment of ASC due to the destruction of complex ester bonds as a result of alkaline hydrolysis. Thermokinetic analysis has demonstrated the effectiveness of using anion-active surfactants, which do not contain ester bonds, as regulators of crack resistance of ASC concrete. Simple polyesters and multi-atom alcohols provide the ability to adjust the duration of the induction period while ensuring the required completeness of ASC hydration within a time frame. The effectiveness of cation-active surface-active substances has been shown, which are characterized by the stability of the molecular structure in the hydration environment of ASC and an increased level of adsorbing capacity. The decrease in the effectiveness of surface-active substances has been shown, in terms of the effect on the heat release of ASC, in the following series: alkaline salt of carboxylic acid>salt of the quaternary ammonium compound>simple polyester> polyalcohol>complex polyester. The reported results are important in view of the possibility of effective adjustment of ASC heat release by influencing the structure formation of surfactant with a certain molecular arrangement in order to predictably reduce crack formation in a thermally-stressed state and a corresponding increase in the durability of structures

Use of fibre waste as a binder

Introduction.The need for a more efficient and varied use of waste from the pulp and paper industry dictates the need to search for new directions for the use of such waste in construction materials science technologies.Materials and methods.In the studies the fibre waste of the Perm Cardboard LLC company with a moisture content after washing of 300% by weight was used. Currently, many issues of theory and practice the production of materials from the fibre waste are not entirely solved, resulting in a number of provisions borrowed from the theory of the production of concrete mineral aggregates, as well as the production of pulp and paper industry.Results.Due to its chemical and material composition, the possibility of using the fibre waste in construction materials science technologies as an independent air binder is shown. The studies have established that the initial moisture content of the fibre waste as a binder affects the final quality indicators of a dry material. Thus, the lowest dry material density of 350 kg/m3 is observed at the initial humidity of the mixture in the range of 650% by weight. At a density of 350 kg/m3, the hygroscopicity of the material is 4.3%, the shrinkage from 10 to 25%. The drying time of the product is within 11 hours. A leveling high shrinkage is achieved by introducing light aggregates with a rough surface during the molding process.Discussion and conclusions.The obtained data on the structure, the composition of the fibre waste, as well as the dependence and regularities of the behavior of a highly concentrated dispersed system of the ‘fibre waste-water’ type show the possibility of using the fibre waste for the production of thermal insulation materials, both as a main component and in a composition with aggregates as an independent air binder. At the same time, the final density indicators of thermal insulation products are within the limits established by regulatory documents.

Geonics (geomimetics) and search for optimal solutions in building materials science

Introduction. Methodological approaches and validation of the emergence of a new transdisciplinary area -geonics, which is considered as the art of applying knowledge of the inorganic world, are presented.Materials and methods. The concept of technogenic metasomatism as a stage in the evolution of building materials, characterized by the adaptation of the composite to changing conditions is formulated. The Law of affinity of structures, which consists in the selection of raw materials for a composite with similar physical and mechanical characteristics, is described.Results. The examples of non-traditional raw materials use in the areas of construction materials science (intelligent composites, restoration mixtures) and architecture (the building of the Belarusian Potash Company in Belarus, the 'Reflection of the mineral’ building in Japan, the design concept of the monument to the Kursk magnetic anomaly) are presented.Discussion and conclusions. It is proved that the development of a transdisciplinary approach to geonics will improve the comfort of human stay in the environment.

Microstructural Analysis of Changes in the Morphology of Quartz Raw Materials of Different Genesis at Dry Milling

The influence of the genesis of quartz-containing rocks on the strength of particles and changes in morphology during destruction from the standpoint of the mineralogical approach in the development of the scientific direction "geonics" ("geomimetics") has been investigated. The kinetics of dry grinding of raw materials in a laboratory ball roller mill was carried out. The features of the formation and development of cracks, particle size distribution, changes in the morphology and microstructure of fragments have been studied. It was found that in natural quartz cracks develop along the surface, where the highest concentration of impurities creates a defect structure with destruction into small particles. The purest structure of hydrothermal quartz is susceptible to brittle fracture into fragments similar in morphology to the base particle. Reducing the defectiveness of the structure increases the strength of the crystals. The internal energy potential of techno genic raw materials is determined by its defective structure, which undergoes the greatest deformations during grinding, allowing obtaining the maximum values of the specific surface area and reduce the grinding time. A difference in the degree of crystallinity of quartz, which composes the polymineral techno genic raw materials, makes it possible to obtain the optimal granulometry of fine particles. The conducted research is aimed at identifying the mechanisms of destruction of quartz rocks and can be used in solving engineering problems not only in construction materials science, but also in geotechnics.

Application of statistical methods for solving problems of construction materials science

In the areas of construction materials science, the most promising solution is a set of issues related to the study of the influence of conditions for the formation of the material structure, including the possibilities of its self-organization, on its properties. The chemical and physical aspects of this influence are studied at the micro level, using the entire complex of “subtle” studies. At the same time, there are methods that allow us to assess the possibility of nanoeffects in experiments carried out at the macro level: in production or in the laboratory. One of these methods is the method described in the article. The main provisions of the methodology have been formed on the basis of statistical methods for conducting experiments and studying technological processes. This technique can significantly reduce the number of experiments performed while maintaining the adequacy of the results obtained and makes it possible to perform further analytical optimization of the results and their engineering interpretation. In particular, application of this technique allows evaluating joint influence of various factors on the result, that makes it possible to identify synergistic and antagonistic effects and then test them at the micro level by studying the nanostructure of materials. The article, as an example, considers the technology of concrete, focused on the utilization of concrete scrap as a filler or filler in building materials for various purposes. The results of research on the development of composite binder compositions based on fine-ground concrete scrap waste, mineral binder, synthetic fibers and polymers cured as a result of chemical interaction with the components of the concrete mixture are presented. This binder can be used for making various wall elements of buildings.

Department of building materials and products: history and modernity

The Department of Building Materials and Products of the Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture in 2020 celebrates its ninetieth anniversary. She counts her age since 1930, when the Kharkov Civil Engineering Institute was founded, separated from the construction faculty of the Kharkov Institute of Technology. Construction materials science, as the main general educational and fundamental discipline for future specialists of all construction specialties and architects, absorbs various sciences, disciplines and contacts a wide range of materials, products, technologies. The highly qualified team of the teaching staff and educational support personnel of the Department of Building Materials and Products has been providing high-quality training for the construction industry for 90 years. The staff of the department, relying on their educational, pedagogical and scientific experience, adjust and create new work programs, taking as a basis the primary fundamental knowledge and requirements for the modernization of vocational education in Ukraine. Today the department has the opportunity to carry out experiments to assess the quality of common building materials. Thanks to the constant contacts of the department with industrial and trade organizations, the collection of samples and brochures of new domestic and foreign finishing materials (ceramics, polymer products, dry building mixtures, etc.) has been almost completely updated and is constantly updated during practical training. The friendly and creative team of the department is optimistic about the 90th anniversary of the department and KNUSA.

Перспективы развития строительного материаловедения

В работе описаны позиционирование и перспективы развития строительного материаловедения. Показано, что его развитие базируется на новых знаниях фундаментальных и смежных прикладных наук. При этом высокая вариативность свойств компонентов значительно ограничивает возмож­ность естественного применения фундаментальных знаний о механизмах их взаимодействия для описания процессов структурообразования материала.
 Вместе с этим получение новых знаний в строительном материаловедении основано на установлении особенностей механизмов структурообразования материалов с учётом из­менчивости характеристик их компонентов.
 Расширены системные представления о строительных ма­териалах. Такие композиты являются сложными техническими системами, способными к самоорганизации в неравновесных условиях. Такое понимание строительных материалов пред­полагает наличие синергетического эффекта. Предложен метод определения синергетического эффекта от влияния управляющих факторов на параметры структуры и свойства материала - метод «последовательных смещений и варьиро­вания». Этот метод дополняет метод математического плани­рования эксперимента и пригоден для определения областей факторного пространства факторов для проведения подробных исследований и установления параметров структуры и особен­ностей структурообразования материала, приводящих к воз­никновению синергетического эффекта (начала формирования строительного материала как технической системы).

Role of potential-determining ions and water molecules in the structure formation of cement compositions

The paper is concerned with dealing with an urgent problem of present-day construction materials science and engineering such as increasing the strength of cement stone when using finely dispersed fillers. It has been found that the physical and mechanical properties of Portland cement-based materials largely depend on the strength of the cement matrix modified by finely dispersed fillers, in particular, on the electric surface properties of all components and pore walls (equilibrium electric surface potential and double electric layer with potential-determining ions and counter-ions and at the interface between the solid phase and water). Studies were conducted to determine the values of equilibrium electric surface potentials of perlite and glass hollow microspheres. The system-forming hierarchical structure of water acting as a matrix or a crystal-forming platform for the synthesis of spatial structures during the formation of a crystalline cage on the surface of micro-fillers was substantiated. The assembly elements of these systematized structures were investigated using electron microscopy. It should be noted that when water films are supersaturated with ions during cement hydration, crystals nucleate and grow on the surface of micro-fillers, which leads to self-compaction and hardening of the cement matrix at the microlevel.

СТРУКТУРООБРАЗОВАНИЕ В ЩЕЛОЧЕАКТИВИРОВАННЫХ АЛЮМОСИЛИКАТНЫХ ВЯЖУЩИХ СИСТЕМАХ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПРИРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ КРИСТАЛЛИЧНОСТИ

the efficiency of traditional raw materials using as well as expanding of potential uses for non-conventional and alternative raw materials with different origin is the tasks exiting interest among material scientists and manufacture stuff. Investigation of the above is oriented on solution of such scientific problem as more deep understanding of structure and features of material. The results obtained also allow solution of some technological, technical and economical tasks.
 Greatly, it is actual when using of new types of raw materials as well as when synthesis of new composites. Concerning the construction material science field, the classic problem is the looking for ways to study the reactivity of raw components under different conditions, its control and, generally, its increasing to produce higher performance materials.
 Among the popular and widely-used construction materials are alkali-activated binders and relevant composites.
 In this study the results of granulometric analysis of suspension based on alkali-activated aluminosilicate with different crystallinity degree are presented. It was found, when treatment of aluminosilicate grain by alkali activator leads to the grain solubilizing (but differently depending on crystallinity degree of aluminosilicate) and formation of alkali-aluminosilicate gel that reacts with unreacted part of the grain according to structure affinity principle. It was also determined the crystallinity degree of aluminosilicate component is inversely proportional to its solubility in highly-alkali environment. The model of structure formation for geopolymer system under alkali effect is offered.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ БЕТОННЫХ СОСТАВОВ ДЛЯ НАБРЫЗГБЕТОНИРОВАНИЯ ПРИ СООРУЖЕНИИ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ

The formation of concrete structures by spraying method is widely used in the construction of underground structures. The technology of sprayed concrete (otherwise known as shotcrete) is widely used for fixing underground development, in the device of permanent lining of tunnels and collectors, as elements of shells and supporting structures of underground structures of urban infrastructure.
 Sprayed concrete makes it possible to widely vary the shape and thickness of design of underground structures, allowing to eliminate formwork and in some cases reinforcing.
 The creation of shotcrete structures with increased physical and mechanical properties, as well as technological parameters should be carried out taking into account the latest achievements in the field of construction materials science. The authors investigated the opti-mized compositions of sprayed concrete in which modified compound with optimally selected granulometric and mineralogical composition and the introduction of fiber into the concrete mixture are used as a binder.
 Due to the use of different degrees of stability in underground structures with a con-taining soil mass, the requirements for the characteristics of the spray tone can vary widely. Taking into account the spread of the " wet " method of spraying (where the finished concrete mixture is fed to the nozzle at a high speed), special requirements are placed on the rheological characteristics of the mixture and the deformation characteristics during bending (since the bearing capacity of the vaulted coatings depends directly on their ability to withstand loads in stretched zones), especially for lining of hard contour.

ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬНОГО МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ РЕШЕНИЯ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ГИДРАТАЦИИ В СИСТЕМЕ C ─ S ─ H

Innovative development of technologies of construction composite materials directly depends on understanding a mechanism of water binding in the mineral system. Aqua-complex [2TO 3 ─ H 2 O ─ M n+ M m+ O` 4 ] (where T is, mostly, Si and other four-valent cations: C, Ti, etc., M n+ is uni- and bivalent cations: Na, Fe 2+ , etc., M m+ is multivalent cations: Al, Fe 3+ , etc., O` is O and other volatile elements: Cl, S, etc.) is a solution to the problem. Aqua-complex was first found as a result of studying the problem of water natural mineral matter binding. Further, the role of aqua-complex as a law of evolution of the terrestrial matter was justified by the complex of geological-mineralogical and experimental data. Verification of the concept of aqua-complex, besides geological sciences, was made based on various natural sciences (pedology and others), as well as practical applications. The concept of aqua-complex unravels the nature of cement binding properties and gives an answer to the key problem of construction material science: why as a result of water sealing of a system of fine-dispersed mineral components (C - S system) their consolidation and formation of monolith, an artificial analogue of rock matter, occurs? The knowledge of the nature of solidification in the C ─ S ─ H system allows as much as possible optimizing the technologies of production of the building materials with the specified properties. This is shown in the case of the development of construction composites based on concrete.