Construction Machinery Industry Research Articles

A tradespace exploration approach for changeability assessment from a system-of-systems perspective: application from the construction machinery industry

AbstractThe rapid development of new technologies such as electrification, autonomy, and other contextual factors pose significant challenges to development teams in balancing competing aspects while developing value-robust solutions. One approach for achieving value robustness is designing for changeability. This paper presents a tradespace exploration from a Systems-of-Systems perspective to facilitate changeability assessment during early design stages. The approach is further demonstrated on a fleet of haulers operating in a mining site.

Review On Evolution and Development of Electric Road Roller

The evolution and development of electric road rollers mark a significant advancement in the construction machinery industry, driven by the imperative of sustainable infrastructure development. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the historical progression, technological innovations, and current trends shaping electric road rollers. Beginning with the early developments of steam-powered and diesel-driven road rollers, the transition towards electric propulsion systems is traced, highlighting the environmental benefits and operational efficiencies offered by electric models. An electric-applied road roller vehicle represents a sustainable and innovative solution for the construction industry. This eco-friendly equipment utilizes electric power to propel the roller, reducing carbon emissions and noise pollution compared to traditional fossil fuel-powered counterparts. The vehicle's design incorporates advanced technology, such as gear chain mechanism to maximize energy efficiency and extend battery life. With its quiet operation and reduced environmental impact, the electric road roller vehicle demonstrates a promising step towards greener construction practices, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable future. Top of Form Keywords— Electric Road Roller, Battery, High torque dc motor, propulsion system, gear assembly, etc.

The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Internationalisation Level of Enterprises--The Case of Sany Group

As the cornerstone of China's engineering construction, the construction machinery industry plays an important role in the process of foreign trade and export. This fully reflects the important demand for China's construction machinery industry, but also shows the important position of the industry in the international market. At present, China's construction machinery market is open to the outside world, the domestic and foreign construction machinery market competition is fierce, many scholars on China's construction machinery export trade situation and ways to improve the enterprise's global market share to do in-depth research. In this paper, we find that Sany Heavy Industry is ranked in the top of the global construction machinery manufacturers, brand, scale, technology than other domestic construction machinery enterprises have advantages, from the perspective of Sany Heavy Industry through cross-border mergers and acquisitions to improve the level of internationalisation, through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, to provide assistance to the international development of China's small and medium-sized construction machinery enterprises.

Pricing and Coordinating the Lease-Oriented Closed-Loop Supply Chain for Construction Machinery in the Era of Carbon Tax

Promoting sustainable production and consumption practices in the construction machinery industry is crucial for achieving energy savings and reducing carbon emissions. However, there is a lack of targeted studies addressing the challenge of scaling up leasing and recycling while maximizing economic benefits for enterprises. To fill this gap, this paper presents a lease-oriented closed-loop supply chain model that incorporates a carbon tax policy to investigate the impact of the carbon tax rate and consumer preferences for remanufactured products on the supply chain and introduces a leasing compensation–cost apportioning combined contract to achieve supply chain coordination in the construction machinery sector. The model considers differential selling and leasing prices for new and remanufactured products, as well as the recovery rate, under both centralized and decentralized decision-making approaches. The study explores the interrelationships between various parameters through sensitivity analysis and numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that within a certain range of the cost apportioning proportional coefficient and leasing compensation proportional coefficient, the combined contract can lead the supply chain to achieve Pareto optimality. As the carbon tax rate increases, it was observed that the profits for all parties in the supply chain tend to decrease. However, due to the increased demand for remanufactured products, the product recovery rate improves, resulting in a reduction in total carbon emissions in the closed-loop supply chain of construction machinery. Moreover, the profits of all parties and the total supply chain profits initially decrease and then increase with an increasing preference coefficient for remanufactured products among consumers. By leveraging these factors and adopting effective strategies, such as enhancing consumer recognition of remanufactured products and optimizing pricing and cost allocation, it is indeed possible for the profits of all parties and the total profits in the supply chain to surpass the initial values, even in the face of increasing carbon tax rates. This demonstrates the potential for aligning sustainability objectives with economic benefits in the construction machinery industry.

Pricing and Coordination for the Leasing and Recycling of Construction Machinery in a Supply Chain Based on Industrial Internet Platform

Leasing and recycling are important methods for developing the low-carbon sustainability of the construction machinery industry. However, there are some dilemmas caused by the extreme limitations of product service life. There has been little research on construction machinery leasing thus far and a lack of description of its unique characteristics in previous models. Focusing on the problem of pricing and coordination, a two-stage model of a leasing closed-loop supply chain based on the practical application of an Industrial Internet platform was proposed. Under centralized and decentralized decision-making scenarios, the prices of leasing and selling, maintenance effort, and recovery rate were calculated, respectively. By using the Shapley value method to optimize the selling price, and the two-part pricing contract to calculate the compensation fee, global profits can be reasonably distributed, while the supply chain can be improved. The effects of different contracts on the improvement of supply chain profit were investigated. Additionally, the correlation among parameters was explored via sensitivity analysis and numerical simulation. The findings show that the maintenance and recycling of construction machinery can be improved by using an Industrial Internet platform while achieving supply chain coordination via contracts. The enhancement of maintenance effort can decrease remanufacturing costs, which are positively correlated with the selling price and leasing price of products, further promoting the recovery rate of used products. The findings of this paper show that manufacturers can take advantage of the Industrial Internet platform to improve recycling efficiency as well as to decrease product prices and remanufacturing costs by promoting remanufacturing technologies. On the other hand, leasers need to enhance the maintenance of construction machinery. Strengthening cooperation via contracts can jointly promote leasing and recycling in the construction machinery industry and help achieve low-carbon sustainable development.

SUPPORTING CHANGEABILITY QUANTIFICATION IN PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEMS VIA CLUSTERING ALGORITHM

AbstractThe design of Product-Service Systems (PSS) is challenging due to the inherent complexities and the associated uncertainties. This challenge aggravates when the PSS being considered has a longer lifespan, is expected to encounter a dynamic context, and integrates many novel technologies. From systems engineering literature, one of the measures for mitigating the risks associated with the uncertainties is incorporating means in the system to change internally as a response to change externally. Such systems are referred to as value-robust systems, and their development largely relies on Tradespace exploration and synthesis. Tradespace exploration and synthesis can be challenging and a time-consuming task due to dimensionality. In this light, this paper aims to present an approach that enables the population of the Tradespace and then, supports the synthesis of such a Tradespace using a clustering algorithm for support changeability quantification in PSS. The proposed method is also implemented on a demonstrative case from the construction machinery industry.

Cooperation or competition? The remanufacturing strategy with quality uncertainty in construction machinery industry

Construction machinery remanufacturing is energy-consuming and susceptible to quality uncertainty of used products, which increases the variability of cost and carbon emission and affects the production decisions of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) in return. Therefore, surviving in such a situation by cooperating or competing with the third-party remanufacturer (TPR) is a vital decision for OEM. Incorporating the quality uncertainty, we first establish three remanufacturing models: integrated, outsourcing, and authorization remanufacturing. Secondly, the production decisions of the three models are derived and compared under different strategies (the complete remanufacturing strategy, CRS; the partial remanufacturing strategy, PRS; no remanufacturing strategy, NRS). Finally, the optimal remanufacturing mode and strategy are discussed according to the quantity of new and remanufactured products, profits and carbon emissions. The results suggest: (1) in terms of quantity of new products, integrated remanufacturing can be selected under CRS, and authorization remanufacturing under PRS; integrated remanufacturing generates the largest quantity of remanufactured products; (2) OEM has the highest profit in integrated remanufacturing whichever CRS or PRS is; (3) authorization remanufacturing generates the lowest carbon emissions while integrated remanufacturing generates the highest under CRS, which is the opposite under PRS; (4) as the quality threshold increases, the quantity of new and remanufactured products, profits and carbon emissions first increase and then decrease under CRS; however, new products and total carbon emissions increase, and remanufactured products and profits decrease under PRS; (5) as carbon price increases, the quantity of new products decreases under CRS and PRS, while the remanufactured ones decrease under CRS and increase under PRS; as a discount factor for remanufactured products increases, the quantity of new products increases under CRS and decreases under PRS, while remanufactured products increase under CRS and PRS.

The idea of establishing a digital level measurement model in the construction machinery industry

The idea of establishing a digital level measurement model in the construction machinery industry

Self-employment in the Construction Machinery Industry with Blockchain Technology in Mind

Self-employment in the Construction Machinery Industry with Blockchain Technology in Mind

Research of Sany based on financial analysis and PE valuation

In recent years, a modern industrial system is taking shape and the construction machinery industry is generally showing an upward trend in its dynamics. Sany Heavy Industries, a leading player in China's construction machinery industry, has performed well in the industry with its excellent and unique strategy despite suffering from the impact of the Covid 19 epidemic. Based on the industry environment of the machinery industry, this paper conducts analysis from the DuPont method and valuation using the P/E method to study the financial level and operating conditions of Sany Heavy Industry and make data-supported recommendations for future investment. The research in this paper shows that Sany has a relatively promising outlook and strong competitiveness, and is worthy of continued attention and long-term value investment.

New Path of Upgrading Construction Machinery Industry Relying on Green and Sustainable Development

New Path of Upgrading Construction Machinery Industry Relying on Green and Sustainable Development

The Development of Business Model of New Construction Machinery Industry Integrating Information Technology

The Development of Business Model of New Construction Machinery Industry Integrating Information Technology

TAGUCHI METHOD APPLIED FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF CORROSION LEVEL ON METAL INERT GAS WELDING OF MILD STEEL

Mild steel has a wide range of uses such as in the construction field, automotive field, machinery industry, cookware, and pipeline. Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding act as an assembly method of mild steel. Corrosion level is a common problem that occurs in MIG welding on mild steel. In this study, the suitable welding parameters such as voltage, number of passes, and method of welding were chosen in the experimental testing and the experimental testing was planned by using the Design of Experiment (DoE) as part of Taguchi method. The welded mild steel specimens were evaluated using a corrosion test. The data analysis was done by using Taguchi method. For the parameter to be the optimum welding parameter, the corrosion level was as low as possible. In this case, the S/N ratio smaller is better common interest is chosen. By using the Minitab 18 software, the S/N ratio was calculated. Hence from the result, the optimum parameter is 9V voltage, three passes and the welding method was circle push.

Exploring the coupling relationship of industrial agglomeration and low-carbon economy considering spatiotemporal differentiation: An empirical study in China’s construction machinery industry

Exploring the coupling relationship of industrial agglomeration and low-carbon economy considering spatiotemporal differentiation: An empirical study in China’s construction machinery industry

Hydraulic Lifting and Rotating System Lifting Machinery Transmission Control Design

With the continuous improvement of the level of intelligence in the construction machinery industry, as one of the core technologies in the hydraulic lifting and rotating system, the lifting transmission control system has become a key factor in determining the performance of the elevator. As a hydraulic lifting machine with high protection level and powerful functions, the mechanical transmission controller has been recognized by the market. This study is based on the design of lifting machinery transmission control of hydraulic lifting and rotating system and studies the lifting mechanism transmission system in the hydraulic lifting and rotating system required for engineering operation. According to the functional characteristics of the transmission controller of the lifting mechanism, the control system scheme is designed. On this basis, the system design of the lift machinery transmission control and, according to this design, the functions of driving speed control and transmission mode switching are studied. Starting from the movement mechanism of hydraulic continuous lifting technology, this research carried out the principle design of mechanical transmission control, related calculations, selection of hydraulic components, corresponding simulations, structural design of mechanical transmission, and tests of hydraulic power systems. Finally, the control system was verified through simulation experiments, and technical difficulties such as the liquid supply mode of the large-flow system, the selection of standby working conditions, and the reliability and safety design were solved. It can be seen from the simulation results that, as the displacement ratio increases, the system efficiency increases, reaching more than 70%. When the valve opening reaches 20° when the valve port is closed, the efficiency of the power control valve reaches 95%. It can be seen that the control system established in this study has more advantages in power and economy. The transmission control system of hoisting machinery designed in this study can give greater play to its transmission efficiency and significantly reduce the working time and intensity of the operator.

Design and Discussion of Construction Machinery Industry

Design and Discussion of Construction Machinery Industry

Emission characteristics and chemical composition of particulate matter emitted by typical non-road construction machinery

According to the latest China Construction Machinery Industry Yearbook 2017, forklifts, loaders and excavators are three types of construction machinery that comprise the largest proportion of construction machinery in China. To study the emission characteristics of non-road mobile machinery, three types of non-road construction machinery used in the city were selected for testing and sampling. A Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) was used to obtain instantaneous exhaust emissions, and a portable particulate sampling system was used to collect PM2.5 samples from three types of construction machinery. The elements, water-soluble ions (WSIs), organic carbon (OC)/elemental carbon (EC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed. The China III standards for non-road construction machinery are stricter than the China II and China I construction machinery standards, indicating that strict regulations can help reduce PM emissions from non-road construction machinery. The results show that the fraction of the chemical components including elements, WSIs, OC/EC and PAHs to particulate matter is from 67.30% to 64.10%. The SO42−/NO3− ratio of each test vehicle is less than 1. The CE/AE values are all greater than 1, and the exhaust particles are alkaline. The estimated concentrations of secondary organic carbon (SOC) in the particulates discharged from loaders, excavators and forklifts are 3.73 mg/m3, 0.25 mg/m3 and 0.42 mg/m3, respectively, indicating the presence of secondary aerosols. The LMW-PAHs and MMW-PAHs were the major PAH species in the particulate matter, whereas a low concentration of HMW-PAHs is considered to be more harmful to human health than the other PAHs. All the PAH BaPeq values are higher than the BaP concentrations recommended by the World Health Organization. Compared with previous study, an increase in the emission standards for non-road mobile machinery can lead to a decline in pollutant emissions. In addition, the driving conditions, engine parameters, and the age of the vehicle and of non-road construction machinery, as well as the experimental methods used to study these variables, may affect the composition of exhaust emissions.

Effect of modified Mg2B2O5w on mechanical and friction properties of oil‐containing monomer casting nylon

ABSTRACTThe Mg2B2O5w modified by toluene‐2, 4‐diisocyanate (TDI) and fatty amine (n‐dodecylamine(D) or n‐octadecylamine (O)) was used in oil‐containing monomer casting (OMC) nylon, and the effect of modified Mg2B2O5w on mechanical and friction properties of OMC nylon composites was investigated. The significant improvement of the mechanical and friction properties of composites was observed. The addition of 0.15 wt% TDI‐D‐Mg2B2O5w or TDI‐O‐Mg2B2O5w resulted in 21 and 20% growth in the tensile strength, 53 and 52% increase in the flexural strength, respectively. Additionally, nearly 60 and 58% reduction in the friction coefficient, about 84 and 80% decrease in the abrasion quantity. Furthermore, the worn surface of composites exhibited smooth, which confirmed the antiwear effect of Mg2B2O5w. The improvement was attributed to the interfacial adhesion between whiskers and matrix by hydrogen bonds. This work provided a facile approach to the design of wear‐resistant polymer composites that hold significant potential in construction machinery industry. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48856.

油圧ショベルの操作コントローラ開発のための油圧システムの同定

Response to a regulation of exhaust gas, saving energy and automation are the most important assignment in the construction machinery industry. In late years, automated construction systems including ICT machinery are researched and partially in practical use. The systems require simulation techniques in early stage of the design. A highly reliable model enables large cost reduction if nonlinearity and uncertainty of the machinery is reproduced with more precision. This paper refers to high-accuracy parameter identification for a hydraulic servo model used in controller developments. The parameters are identified from a measurement data recorded with a commercial machine. In the model, input is rate of lever operation and output is operational velocity of hydraulic cylinder. A plant model consists of a dead band, dead time and quadric transfer function, and parameters of the plant model is identified by using differential evolution (DE). The parameter identification by DE shows superior accuracy and convergence than one by genetic algorithm. The result shows that a useful plant model for development is identified by DE.

Dynamic Optimization for IPS2 Resource Allocation Based on Improved Fuzzy Multiple Linear Regression

The study mainly focuses on resource allocation optimization for industrial product-service systems (IPS2). The development of IPS2 leads to sustainable economy by introducing cooperative mechanisms apart from commodity transaction. The randomness and fluctuation of service requests from customers lead to the volatility of IPS2 resource utilization ratio. Three basic rules for resource allocation optimization are put forward to improve system operation efficiency and cut unnecessary costs. An approach based on fuzzy multiple linear regression (FMLR) is developed, which integrates the strength and concision of multiple linear regression in data fitting and factor analysis and the merit of fuzzy theory in dealing with uncertain or vague problems, which helps reduce those costs caused by unnecessary resource transfer. The iteration mechanism is introduced in the FMLR algorithm to improve forecasting accuracy. A case study of human resource allocation optimization in construction machinery industry is implemented to test and verify the proposed model.