Constellation Of Events Research Articles

Hyper‐IgE syndrome presenting with early life craniosynostosis in monozygotic twin sisters

<scp>Hyper‐IgE</scp> syndrome presenting with early life craniosynostosis in monozygotic twin sisters

COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF ALPHA TOCOPHEROL AND ASCORBIC ACID ON BODY WEIGHT OF RATS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS

Background: The stress is defined as the constellation of events, which begins with a stimulus, and subsequently results in the activation of certain physiologic systems. This study was planned to determine the comparative effect of ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol on body weight of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to chronic restraint stress. Methods: This comparative experimental study was done in National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad. One-hundred-and-twenty male Sprague Dawley rats (mean weight 250±50 grams) were used and divided into 4 equal groups. Group I was taken as control. Group II was exposed to chronic stress, Group III was given only ascorbic acid prior to restraint stress, and Group IV was given only alpha tocopherol prior to restraint stress. Group III &amp; IV were given prior supplementation of ascorbic acid, alpha tocopherol for 1 month. Results: There was a significant decrease in weight gain of rats exposed to the chronic stress as compared to control group. Individual supplementation with ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol resulted in significant improvement of their eating habits with rats supplemented with ascorbic acid. Conclusion: Chronic stress has a detrimental effect on weight. This effect can be minimised by the intake of sufficient amount of antioxidants. Pak J Physiol 2021;17(4):8?10

The Mythical Courtesan

Abstract This article interrogates how and why courtesan identities are simultaneously embraced and disavowed by Brahman dancers. Using a combination of ethnographic and critical feminist methods, which allow the author to toggle between the past and the present, between India and the United States, and between film analysis and the dance studio, the author examines the cultural politics of the romanticized and historical Indian dancer—the mythical courtesan. The author argues that the mythical courtesan was called into existence through film cultures in the early twentieth century to provide a counterpoint against which a modern and national Brahmanical womanhood could be articulated. The author brings together a constellation of events that participated in the construction of Indian womanhood, especially the rise of sound film against the backdrop of growing anticolonial and nationalist sentiments in early twentieth-century South India. The author focuses on films that featured an early twentieth-century dancer-singer-actress, Sundaramma. In following her career through Telugu film and connecting it to broader conversations about Indian womanhood in the 1930s and 1940s, the author traces the contours of an affective triangle between three mutually constituting emotional points: pleasure, shame, and disgust.

Circuiti criminali e area grigia Una ricerca sulla presenza delle mafie nel Nordest

The penetration of mafia organisations in the northern-central Italian regions is today recognised by numerous judicial investigations and various scientific studies. In Come pesci nell’acqua. Mafia, impresa e politica in Veneto, Gianni Belloni and Antonio Vesco explore the presence of the mafia phenomenon in the Veneto region, over a period of almost fifty years. Employing a large variety of empirical sources, the book analyses, through the case-study methodology, a constellation of events where the encounter between mafia groups and criminal business networks takes place in the form of corruption, tax evasion, money laundering, and a whole series of illicit practices that are considered legitimate by part of the local business and political class. The authors emphasize the need to situate the analysis as firmly as possible to the local contexts conditions that make this territory compatible with the presence of mafia groups.

Towards a Case for a Second American Revolution

I. CONTEXTI think it must also be admitted that there are cases in which revolution is justifiable- Bertrand Russell, 19491.1 INTRODUCTION: A CRITICAL JUNCTUREHistorical context - As a comparatively young nation, the United States has been through many important developments since independence was first declared in 1776. Since then the colonies won a revolutionary war against Britain, ratified a new constitution, fought a civil war and abolished chattel slavery, extended its territory to the Pacific Ocean, expanded the right to vote, underwent an industrial revolution, took on corporate monopolies and political machines during the progressive-populist era, experienced the 'Roaring Twenties' followed by the Wall Street crash and the Great Depression, and fought in two World Wars before emerging as the most powerful country on earth.U.S. international relations in the decades following World War II were largely overshadowed by the Cold War. Prominent institutions during the post-war era include the Bretton Woods international agreement, the gold monetary standard, Keynesian economic policies, a mixed economy (notably in Britain) and the Glass-Steagall firewall separating commercial from investment banking. The post-war era in the United States has come to be known as the 'golden age of capitalism' characterized by egalitarian income growth coupled with high levels of financial-sector stability.However, a constellation of events in the 1970s-the breakdown of the Bretton Woods international monetary order, rising inflation and unemployment, stagnating economic growth, and two major oil shocks- set the stage for a major paradigm shift towards the era of neoliberal globalization. In theory, neoliberal ideology is characterized by the doctrine of neoclassical supply-side economics and its various policy objectives: privatization of state-owned assets and social services, liberalization of trade and finance, deregulation of business activity, the weakening of labor unions, and the minimization of macroeconomic imbalances such as inflation, debt and deficits.Early signs of the onset of neoliberalism can be found in events such as the early assault on California's system of higher education by then governor Ronald Reagan, the rise of Pinochet in Chile in 1973 and the passage of Proposition 13 in California in 1978. However, the election of British premier Margaret Thatcher in 1979 and U.S. president Ronald Reagan in 1980 set the stage for a definitive paradigm shift towards neoliberalism (Levy, Kagan & Zysman 1997; Campbell 1998; Sisson & Hartmann 2014, 220).Backed by the Washington Consensus, neoliberalism became a globally dominant economic system, especially after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989. During the neoliberal era, the IMF and World Bank, using structural adjustment loans and abutted by various forms of U.S. intervention and diplomatic pressure, were able to pressure many developing countries to adopt neoliberal policies. Meanwhile, global competition has pressured many countries in the developed world to adopt neoliberal reforms as well, although the extent to which European and Japanese capitalism is converging on the more liberal variety practiced in the U.S. and Britain has been the subject of ongoing debate among comparative political economists.Critical juncture - The era of neoliberalism coincided with many years of economic growth in the United States and in several regions of the developing world, especially Asia. Despite this, in the United States and beyond an extensive list of policy problems (enumerated below) have become increasingly apparent. Indeed, one can reasonably posit that the United States today stands at a critical juncture in its historical development, a situation itself embedded in a larger global critical juncture. For instance, referring to the current global ecological crisis, political scientist Manfred Steger observes, Humanity has reached yet another critical juncture-the most important in the relatively short existence of our species (Steger 2013, 136). …

Theoretical (Dis-) position and Strategic Leitmotivs in Constitutional Interpretation in South Africa

This essay takes a look at the historic restoration that bequeathed this country and its people a prototypical, justiciable Constitution. The advent of constitutional democracy in South Africa went hand in hand with an about-turn in the interpretation of enacted law-texts (including the Constitution) and a critical interrogation of certain dominant beliefs about the interpretation of law in general and enacted law in particular. Hitherto mostly unnamed or unlabelled (but not entirely alien) interpretive strategies pursued and developed by users of the Constitution are discussed, concentrating mainly on the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. Central to the author's approach is an acknowledgement of the decisive actuality of an interpreter's theoretical position becoming visible through (interpretive) leitmotivs. These recur as keynote or defining ideas, motifs or topoi lending direction to specific instances of construing law. Four leitmotivs pertinent to certain constellations of events in constitutional interpretation are discussed and their applicability and utility assessed, drawing on examples from constitutional case-law. The leitmotivs are: (i) transitional constitutionalism; (ii) transformative constitutionalism; (iii) monumental constitutionalism; and (iv) memorial constitutionalism. (i) and (ii) belong together as (A) programmatic leitmotivs and (iii) and (iv) as (B) commemorative leitmotivs. The author concludes that, although scouting out and engaging with leitmotivs call for profound reading and for text analysis of a sort with which "logical" jurists are not always too comfortable, the said endeavours have the potential to be exceptionally rewarding.&#x0D;

The Elusive Path to Sagehood: Origins of the Confucian Academy System in Chosŏn Korea

The Confucian private academies or s?w?n of Chos?n Korea (1392?1910) enjoy an imputed legacy of having been educational institutions of venerable age, serenely situated in rural locales in which Neo-Confucian metaphysics was studied and transmitted by wise masters. The reality was more dynamic and distinctly grittier: the academies were born in an age of growing political despair in the mid-sixteenth century and ended in wholesale violence as the s?w?n system was largely destroyed between 1868?1871 by the Taew?n’gun. This paper examines the unlikely constellation of events that led to the creation of the first s?w?n in Chos?n Korea, the Paegun-dong Academy in 1543 in the remote mountainous county of P’unggi, Ky?ngsang-do and its subsequent royal chartering in 1550 as Sosu s?w?n. Chu Sebung (1495?1554) and Yi Hwang (1501?1570) were the pivotal figures in these events, as in separate ways they sought to comport their growing fascination with the social and moral implications of Southern Song learning from the twelfth century with their own trajectories of ambition and frustration as local magistrates. From the outset the s?w?n were less pristine academies dedicated to immersion in philosophy and more local institutions serving a diverse set of worldly interests in their locales.

Intimacy and the public sphere. Politics and culture in the Argentinian national space, 1946-55

This text examines a series of family conflicts, judicial battles and political struggles having as their main stage the city of Salta, situated in the extreme north-west of Argentina. This constellation of events merges with the political chronology of the country: it begins in 1946, the year of Juan Peron's election as president, and ends in 1955, when he was overthrown by a coup d'etat. The objective of the text is to analyse the relations between sentiments and actions associated with social spaces of different natures and scales, such as the space of the ‘good families’ of Salta, of the ‘spirit’ of the Argentine north-west, or of the people from Argentina's interior and of those from its centre. By studying the relationships between native conceptions of intimacy and publicity that are at play in this case, the article proposes an outline of a social phenomenology of the social space concerned with the temporal dimension of social life.

Chinese Capitalism and the Modernist Vision. Satyananda J. Gabriel

Chinese Capitalism and the Modernist Vision, by Satyananda J. Gabriel. London: Routledge, 2006. [xii] + 194 pp. £75.00 (hardcover). In this book, Satyananda Gabriel uses the tools of Marxism to understand the social and economic transformation of China since reform began in the late 1970s. His is an Althusserian, post-structuralist version of Marxism, most closely associated with the journal Rethinking Marxism. In a span of only 173 pages, Gabriel introduces his theoretical tools, discusses the changing social contract in China, examines the transition to labor markets, studies the changing characteristics of both township and village enterprises and state-run enterprises, reviews the transformation of agriculture, considers the emergence of reformed and of new financial institutions, and reflects on the interactions between all these changes and China's increasing engagement with the global economy. Throughout this gallop, Gabriel deploys two principal theoretical tools. One is the concept of overdetermination, the notion that a process reflects the totality of other social processes, rather than being produced by a subset of important factors (the remainder being insignificant). A process is understood as a constellation of events that produce a state of being: the state of being exists only insofar as the constellation of events continues to be reproduced. A transition, then, occurs when one set of processes is replaced by another, and a shift in the prevalence of one class process to another is a class transition. No factor is the sole determinant; all processes and so all transitions are the effect of other processes, no single one of which is determinate. The other is a particular definition of class, which-following Resnick and Wolff-is understood as the relationship by which humans engage in the performance, appropriation and distribution of surplus labor. This definition differs from a classical Marxist definition in which class is identified with the nature and extent of property ownership: for example, in capitalism, capitalists and workers are separated by their ownership (and non-ownership) of the means of production, a separation that is the key to understanding the mode and relations of production. Likewise it differs from what Gabriel calls the modernist Marxist focus on technology (forces of production) as the key determinant of social change. As is clear from the shortness of the book and the breadth of topics covered, Gabriel's contribution is principally theoretical-his interpretation of change in China-rather than empirical. He makes several claims. The first is that struggles for the political control of the Chinese Communist Party have been principally struggles over versions of Marxism. On the one side were the Maoists, who understood class struggle to be the principal driver of social change-struggle, that is, over the conditions under which surplus labor is performed, appropriated and distributed. On the other side were (and are) the modernist Marxists, including Zhou, Deng, Jiang and Hu, to whom technology rather than class is the principal driving force of history. It is explicit in this argument that the post-Mao reformers were and are Marxists (of a particular kind). The second claim is that post-revolutionary China was feudal. In other words, the transition that is embodied in the post-1978 reforms is a transition from (state) feudalism. Gabriel understands a feudal class process as one in which direct producers (people who actually do the physical work) are obliged by socially constituted ties to perform surplus labor for a specific individual or institution. During the Great Leap Forward, in the late 1950s, both rural and urban direct producers became bound to serve the state, to produce a surplus for the state and receive in return certain welfare protections. …

The genius of Roger Stanier

The genius of Roger Stanier

Multivariate Analysis of Adverse Events

Clinical trial reports typically provide univariate data on adverse events in the form of rates. Little or no consideration is given to providing data on syndromes or constellations of adverse events in clinical trials. We describe three methods for analyzing adverse events; these methods focus on constellations of events within the same patient. A computer algorithm enumerates the constellations of adverse events in the data and counts the number of patients in each constellation. The proposed algorithm also preserves the identifiers of patients in the constellation and other covariates for further analysis. A log-linear model is used to estimate the magnitude of association of two or more adverse events by analyzing the count of patients in each of the possible subsets of the constellation. These methods make a unique contribution to the determination of safety in the development of new therapeutic agents.

Insulin resistance syndrome and Alzheimer's disease: Age- and obesity-related effects on memory, amyloid, and inflammation

Insulin plays an important role in memory and other aspects of brain function. The insulin resistance syndrome, characterized by chronic peripheral insulin elevations, reduced insulin activity, and reduced brain insulin levels, is associated with age-related memory impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our work has focused on specific mechanisms through which this association is forged, including the effects of peripheral hyperinsulinemia on memory, inflammation, and regulation of the β-amyloid peptide that plays a key role in AD pathophysiology. Our data suggest that excessive insulin invokes synchronous increases in levels of Aβ and inflammatory agents, effects that are exacerbated by age and obesity. This constellation of events may have deleterious effects on memory. Treatments focused on preventing or correcting insulin abnormalities may be of therapeutic benefit for adults with age-related memory impairment and AD.

Boys' and Girls' High School: Art and Politics in the Civil Rights Era

The story of public art in the United States is also the story of American democratic institutions. Our public schools in particular, malleable and shifting under changing societal expectations, provide clues about the nature of our educational enterprise in their very design and the commissioned art that enhances them. In New York City, home to the nation's largest public school system and one of the first, art in schools is a barometer of aesthetic preferences and a measure of larger social issues. The constellation of events that led to the decentralization of New York City's schools in 1970 also led to the creation of an outstanding collection of work by African-American artists at Brooklyn's Boys' and Girls' High School.Better known for its athletics and as the school that hosted Nelson Mandela than for its public art, Boys' and Girls' High School first opened its doors as the Central School, with a Girls' department on Nostrand Avenue and a Boys' department on Court Street. In 1886, the Girls' department moved into a new building on Nostrand Avenue and in September 1890 school officials changed the official organization of the school to two schools, with Girls' High School on Nostrand Avenue (with added wings under construction) and Boys'High School (under construction) on Marcy Avenue. By 1960, efforts were under way to build a replacement school. The planning of the new Boys' and Girls' High School coincided with the fight by New York City minority groups for local school control, and the commissioning of art for the new building was paradigmatic of this struggle.

Bright stars in the sky?

Actions to improve the health of people in rural and remote areas are supported by people's ability as individuals and as a community to take part actively in the design, management and evaluation of their own health services. To do this successfully, people need information about their health, resources to support their actions and political support or legitimacy. This article focuses on the third requirement. At the beginning of 2000, there seems to be strong political interest in improving the status of rural communities and rural services overall, including rural health and health services. The constellation of events that contribute to this encouraging state of affairs includes the Regional Australia Summit that was held in October 1999, the existence of a strategic framework for rural health that was agreed on by all health jurisdictions (Healthy Horizons), improved clarity about the relative state of health and health service utilisation in rural and remote areas, and the Prime Minister's recent commitment to improve rural services. The next major national opportunity to convert these positive signs into action comes with the Federal Budget in May 2000, the content of which will be closely watched by people concerned about improving health in country areas.

Mrs. Siddons' Currency

“At last, Hollywood publicists and their high-profile clients have a chance to pay homage to their patron saint, Sarah Siddons,” claimed the August 17–23 issue of The Hollywood Reporter in its story on the concurrent exhibits of portraits of Sarah Siddons this summer at the J. Paul Getty Museum and he Huntington Art Collection (27 July-19 September). Also characterizing Siddons as calculating media mogul, the Los Angeles Times of July 25 compared the fame of the historical tragic actress (1755–1831) to that of current stars like Madonna, O.J., Diana, and even Monica. England's highly respectable muse of tragedy would likely reject these dubious associations, but the first actress of preeminent stature on the English stage was a symbol of female success, the subject of public scrutiny, and an emblem of ideal femininity. Siddons, who achieved celebrity status during an extraordinarily successful, forty-year career in England, Scotland, and Ireland, recently inspired a constellation of events which included not only these two art exhibitions, but a new play produced by Mark Taper Forum and an academic conference at the Huntington as well. In addition to detailing her sublime acting and renowned position in the Georgian theatre, these happenings emphasized Siddons' use of portraiture to cultivate and maintain her celebrity status.

Radical Hysterectomy: Personal Reflections

INTRODUCTION significant amount of exposure to general surgical techniques both during internship at the University of Pennsylvania Nineteen-hundred ninety-five is an important anniversary Hospital, then in the armed forces, and again during my year. It marks the centennial year since the performance of residency at Penn, where I spent a 4-month rotation on genthe first radical hysterectomy by John Goodrich Clark on eral surgery. In my case, I was very fortunate in that I spent April 26, 1895, at Johns Hopkins Hospital. A second imall of the time during my second year of residency on two portant event in 1895 was the discovery of X rays by Wilgynecologic services where we operated 6 days a week for helm Konrad Roentgen. Three years later Marie Sklodowska the entire year. Curie discovered radium. Thus, the constellation of events Despite the fact that Clark had been Professor of Gynecolnecessary for the successful management of cervical cancer ogy at the University of Pennsylvania from 1899 until his was made available. death in 1927, there never developed a strong tradition or The history of the development of the radical hysterecprogram in the use of radical pelvic surgery for gynecologic tomy is beautifully elucidated by Clark in a chapter from a cancer. After World War II there were a few feeble attempts 1907 textbook edited by Howard A. Kelly entitled ‘‘Gyneat establishing such a program that were soon abandoned cology and Abdominal Surgery.’’ In it, Clark reviewed the for what then was a safer and more effective treatment by historic events leading up to the first abdominal radical hysradiation therapy. terectomy, the technical problems associated with many of In 1954, the late Dr. Michael Newton who was a resident the early cases, and the factors involved in ensuring the with me in Obstetrics and Gynecology and was trained also complete removal of the cancer with maximum safety to the in general surgery was asked to develop a program of radical patient. Various issues were discussed such as pelvic node gynecologic surgery. Unfortunately, after about 6 months in involvement, the need for node removal, and the extent of this position he was offered the post as Chairman of the dissection, and later whether it was reasonable to continue newly developed Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology doing radical hysterectomy in view of the high morbidity at the University of Mississippi and left the University of and mortality observed in some of the early series of cases. In Pennsylvania. In the Spring of 1955 my chief, Dr. Franklin Chapter 16 of Hoskins and Rubin’s recent textbook entitled L. Payne, asked me if I would be willing to undertake the ‘‘Cervical Cancer and Preinvasive Neoplasia,’’ I outlined vacant position. With much trepidation I agreed. Two days the history of the development of radical hysterectomy later, I took the overnight train from Philadelphia to Boston throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century as well to the Pondville State Hospital where I met Dr. Langdon as the early part of the twentieth century. Parsons, whom Dr. Payne had contacted and made arrangements for my arrival. That day was a turning point in my thinking about how radical pelvic surgery should be done. PROLOGUE Dr. Parsons, a superb general and gynecologic surgeon, carI thought it would be helpful to describe the type of experiried out an anterior pelvic exenteration with urinary diverence and training which was available to many of us not sion to an isolated segment of ileum. Just roughly 6 or 7 long after World War II, when upon completion of a year’s hours of observation of this master surgical craftsman taught rotating internship most of us returned to military service me more than I had learned in all the years before. I shall before beginning our residencies in obstetrics and gynecolbe forever grateful to Dr. Parsons for the opportunity he ogy since residency positions were very limited by returning afforded me and for all that I learned on that day. This was essentially my fellowship. veterans who preceded us. This schedule provided me with a

What Triggers the Resolution of Alcohol Problems Without Treatment?*

This study investigated natural recoveries (self-change) from alcohol problems, and overcame several methodological problems that affected the few previous studies of this phenomenon. Three groups of individuals who had resolved an alcohol problem without treatment were interviewed about their drinking history, life events that occurred during the year prior to their resolution, and factors that helped maintain their resolution. As a control for prevalence of life events, a control group of nonresolved, nontreated alcohol abusers were interviewed about events in a randomly selected year. Collaterals were interviewed for all subjects. No life event or constellation of events was differentially associated with the resolutions across the three resolved groups or differentiated the resolved and nonresolved groups. Interviews with resolved subjects were qualitatively analyzed-the majority (57%) of recoveries were characterized as involving a "cognitive evaluation" or appraisal of the pros and cons of drinking. Spousal support was reported by the greatest number of resolved subjects as having helped them maintain their resolution. Findings from this study may provide direction for developing new treatment strategies and for accelerating self-change among problem drinkers in the community. The study also demonstrates the importance of using a control group, without which very different conclusions might have been drawn.

Fraud in Science: How Much, How Serious?

In the spring and summer of 1980 four significant instances of malpractice in scientific research came to light. Even now, more than a year later, details about fabrication of research data, alteration of patient records, and plagiarism of other scientists' work continue to emerge in the public press and in scientific journals. Although there have been instances of deceit in science in the past, this constellation of events has caused significantly more concern and consternation than ever before. What were these events, and why has their impact been so profound? * In a case of old-fashioned plagiarism, a series of papers on cancer immunology, which was published by Elias K. Alsabti, a Jordanian, was shown to be substantially identical to journal articles or grant requests written by other scientists.1 * After a co-worker detected suspicious discrepancies in laboratory notebooks, John Long, a cancer researcher at the Massachusetts General Hospital, admitted that he had fabricated data on the size of Hodgkin's immune complexes. A good deal of his previously published research was later found to be invalid because of contamination of the cell lines he had used; unfortunately these cell cultures had already been shared with a number of other scientists.2 * In June and July 1980 the Boston Globe focused a five-part Spotlight report on data-faking. In addition to the previous incident, the series reported the abrupt resignation of oncologist Marc Straus from the Boston University School of Medicine because of his alleged role in falsifying the records of patients to make them eligible for research projects conducted at University Hospital.3 * The sweltering heat of August in New York was matched by disputatious exchanges between officials of Yale and

Understanding the physiological correlates of a behavioral state as a constellation of events

Understanding the physiological correlates of a behavioral state as a constellation of events

My Name Is Legionella

Unlike wool-sorter's disease, coal miners' disease, or chicken plucker's disease, Legionnaires' disease is not even remotely occupation related. The name owes its origin to a constellation of events, which are of interest mainly because they illustrate that disease can still influence, albeit on a miniature scale, the course of history. Bubonic plague, cholera, malaria, and other pandemic diseases have decimated armies, devastated cities, and toppled empires. Legionnaires' disease, which struck with dramatic suddenness in the summer of 1976, did none of these. It did, however, cause a landmark hotel to close its doors, a great city to lose some of its attractiveness for tourists and conventioneers, and a rational, stable society to indulge in wild rumors and speculations. Fortunately, much of the mystery surrounding the disease was dispelled within a relatively short time. In the spring of 1977 its mode of spread was clarified, its treatment was established, and its