Consolidation Works Research Articles

Deep Eutectic Solvent as a New Zeta Potential Altering Chemical for Sand Agglomeration.

Fines migration can cause various issues, such as plugging of the sand screen and damage to tubings. There are two chemical sand control methods: consolidation and agglomeration. Consolidation works by injection of a solvent into the formation to harden over time and hold the sand in place, while agglomeration works by altering chemical properties of the sand surface to attract and clump up sand. Various chemicals have been used for research in sand control. Some chemicals for consolidation, mostly resins, have been effective in consolidating sand but may cause permeability impairment, which will reduce production. Some chemicals for agglomeration such as a polymer with amines have been less effective or are nonbiodegradable. In this work, a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES) and ionic polymer combination as a fines stabilizer is formulated in-house and tested through extensive experimental study. The development of chemicals is based on agglomeration principles which determine the range of zeta potential reduction that can be achieved to destabilize, coagulate, and flocculate the fine particles together with different combinations of DESs and ionic polymers tested systematically using the design of experiment (DoE) method. The chemicals are then tested for compatibility with reservoir fluids in the jar test. The optimized formulation is characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for limit of temperature degradation and laser particle size analysis (LPSA) for the extent of particle size. The novelty of this work is the development of a greener and more cost-saving in-house DES and ionic polymer combination as a fines stabilizer chemical, which is effective for both injection or production wells after stimulation or enhanced oil recovery (EOR) treatments. Due to the tunable nature of the DES, the formulated chemical can be tailored for various reservoir conditions to cater to specific requirements.

Multi‐decadal quantification of interactions between coarse sediment fluxes and channel management in South Tyrol, Eastern European Alps

AbstractChannel incision and narrowing have occurred in the 20th century in most Alpine rivers. However, the causal links between sediment‐related human engineering and exploitation and morphological changes in rivers are mostly unclear. This study presents an analysis of the evolutionary trajectories of the main active channels in the upper Etsch/Adige River basin (Eastern European Alps) coupled with their modifications in terms of coarse sediment transport. Channel planform variations were quantified in 15 rivers (total length of 630 km) using multi‐temporal analysis of historical maps and orthophotos. Sediment volumes excavated from river channels or trapped by hydraulic structures (dams and retention basins) were retrieved from historical records, along with geospatial information regarding the presence of lateral and longitudinal consolidation works and land use variations. Results indicate that most rivers underwent slight narrowing and some of them experienced widening, from the mid‐19th century to the 1950s. From the 1950s to the late 1990s, severe variations in terms of narrowing and morphological simplification took place in all rivers. The analysis of channel changes in relation to human activities shows that gravel mining carried out in the period 1970s–1990s appears to have been the main cause of sediment imbalance in the rivers which narrowed the most. Since the 2000s, when gravel mining was banned by law, channel adjustments have become negligible throughout study area. Nevertheless, the trapping of a large share of coarse sediment fluxes—at the river basin scale—by retention check dams and hydropower dams has impeded rivers from recovering to their original conditions.

The Sea Cliffs Eposure and Management in 2 Mai – Vama Veche Shore Sector

A major concern for coastal communities is shoreline change. This leads to the progressive loss of beaches. In order to anticipate the development of coastal management plans, it is important to understand the causes of coastal erosion. In the absence of development and consolidation works, the Tourist Area of National Interest, 2 Mai - Vama Veche, is undergoing progressive degradation. Due to the advanced erosion areas, the coastal cliffs are in danger of collapsing more quickly. The delineation of the affected coastal area, as well as the highlighting of methodological criteria, especially at the sea-land interface, assumes the use of the coastline as a key element in the delineation of beach and cliff areas, and the use of the crest of the cliff slope in the delineation of cliff areas. This takes into account the natural variability of geomorphological processes, but also the vulnerability of sectors and subsectors of the southern Romanian coast.

Exploring data mining and machine learning in gynecologic oncology

Gynecologic (GYN) malignancies are gaining new and much-needed attention, perpetually fueling literature. Intra-/inter-tumor heterogeneity and “frightened” global distribution by race, ethnicity, and human development index, are pivotal clues to such ubiquitous interest. To advance “precision medicine” and downplay the heavy burden, data mining (DM) is timely in clinical GYN oncology. No consolidated work has been conducted to examine the depth and breadth of DM applicability as an adjunct to GYN oncology, emphasizing machine learning (ML)-based schemes. This systematic literature review (SLR) synthesizes evidence to fill knowledge gaps, flaws, and limitations. We report this SLR in compliance with Kitchenham and Charters’ guidelines. Defined research questions and PICO crafted a search string across five libraries: PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar—over the past decade. Of the 3499 potential records, 181 primary studies were eligible for in-depth analysis. A spike (60.53%) corollary to cervical neoplasms is denoted onward 2019, predominantly featuring empirical solution proposals drawn from cohorts. Medical records led (23.77%, 53 art.). DM-ML in use is primarily built on neural networks (127 art.), appoint classification (73.19%, 172 art.) and diagnoses (42%, 111 art.), all devoted to assessment. Summarized evidence is sufficient to guide and support the clinical utility of DM schemes in GYN oncology. Gaps persist, inculpating the interoperability of single-institute scrutiny. Cross-cohort generalizability is needed to establish evidence while avoiding outcome reporting bias to locally, site-specific trained models. This SLR is exempt from ethics approval as it entails published articles.

Structural analysis and damage assessment of a fortified church – A case study: The Evangelical Church of Apos, Sibiu County

Globally, there is a wide range of monuments that require conservation and restoration work in order to maintain their values as a whole, both from the aesthetic and historical perspective and to ensure their preservation for future generations. The aim of this paper is to showcase the historical development of the fortified church structure in Apoș, in addition to examining the reasons for its structural damage and exploring possible ways to strengthen the entire church – tower complex. The Evangelical Church is located in the village of Apoș, in the central region of Transylvania, along the Hârtibaciu Valley. This region is of national importance, being part of the Hârtibaciu Plateau and also within the Natura 2000 sites. The church complex consists of the church itself, which is also listed in the Historical Monuments List with the code SB-II-a-B-12313, the bell tower and the clergy house. However, this paper concerns only the church and the tower. The evolution of the church spans over several centuries, during which its structure underwent reconfigurations, consolidation works, but also invasive interventions with incompatible materials that further altered the entire structure and its behaviour. Thus, from the point of view of interventions, they were carried out progressively, the most extensive works being the replacement of the nave ceiling with cylindrical vaults and the replacement of the choir ceiling with a semispherical vault, as well as the consolidation works of the building in the 20th century. The investigation of the Evangelical Church was carried out, first of all, by conducting an on-site investigation, followed by using traditional survey methods in order to identify the structure failures. Additionally, contemporary visualization methods, such as three-dimensional laser scanning, were utilized to gather information on dimensions, heights and ornament details. Through these steps, a survey was obtained that includes accurate data on the church complex. Following these stages, the main degradations identified were a series of cracks caused by differential settlements and the lack of cooperation between structural elements, mechanical damage caused by the detachment of the buttresses from the walls and due to the sliding of the land towards the south, after the demolition of the fortifications. Additionally, two types of brickwork damage were identified: pronounced crack indicating its displacement, contributed by seismic activity and smaller but numerous cracks indicating the disintegration of the brickwork caused by differential settlements combined with prolonged moisture. Besides these, human factors and execution defects were identified, as well as physicochemical degradations with internal causes, such as composition defects or crystal cohesion defects. The repair and consolidation works, including seismic safety measures, have proposed technologies based on the principles of reversibility and preservation of the church’s authenticity. Thus, the main interventions aim to strengthen the structural walls, arches and vaults, eliminate the source of humidity causing the erosion of the masonry through capillary water infiltration, strengthen the floors, roof structure and openings, as well as the interior elements, such as balconies and stairs.

The behaviour of orthodox historic churches built with lime mortar in Romania consolidated with reinforced concrete after the 1977 earthquake

In Romania, historic monuments have suffered significant damage after earthquakes. In the southern part of Romania, in the Oltenia region between the years 1838 and 1977, five strong earthquakes with magnitude exceeding 7 ML occurred, causing severe and repeated damage to Orthodox churches constructed with brick masonry and lime mortar. After the 1940 earthquake, consolidation was carried out with modern materials for that period, such as metal ties and reinforced concrete. Due to the collapse of the central tower made of brick masonry during the 1977 earthquake in the Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel in Craiova, it was reconstructed using reinforced concrete columns and beams. Furthermore, the consolidation was carried out using reinforced concrete. Due to the different mechanical properties of historic brick masonry with lime mortar and reinforced concrete, cracks appeared over time on the church walls in the contact zones between these materials. Under the coordination of Bishop Irineu of Oltenia, consolidation works were initiated for 17 historic monument churches in the Gorj region after the earthquakes in 2023, and this Church in Craiova was included in the list. The article presents the modes and areas of damage resulting from the introduction of consolidations with irreversible materials, together with the results of in situ tests conducted by the EXPIN laboratory in Padua, Italy, to determine the mechanical properties of the load-bearing elements comprising the Church and structural analysis of the Church using ETABS software to predict past, present, and future behaviour.

КОГНИТИВНЫЕ КАРТЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ПОТОКОВ КОНСОЛИДИРУЮЩЕЙ И ДЕКОНСОЛИДИРУЮЩЕЙ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ В РОССИЙСКИХ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ МЕДИА (2023–2024 ГОДЫ)

The relevance of the stated topic is dictated by the increasing information and military confrontation between the Russian Federation and the West and the need in these conditions to monitor the level of social consolidation, which largely depends on the social and media support of the solidarity effect on Russian society. The purpose of the study is to identify the key characteristics of cognitive maps of information flows representing attitudes towards consolidation and deconsolidation of Russian society. The objectives of the analysis are to identify contexts, triggers, discourses, target audiences, actors, technologies for the formation of public attitudes, to determine the pool of actors and authors of consolidation and deconsolidation content of the Russian segment of social media. The characteristics of the consolidation flow include patterns of using collective security as a basis for solidarity, maintaining a value consensus, positive national-state identity, and maintaining sovereignty as a basic value. Signs of deconsolidation flows are the exploitation of social deprivation to undermine public trust in the authorities, devaluation of the importance of independence and state sovereignty, instructional, irrational, and manipulative influence on public opinion. In conclusion, as one of the results of the study, measures for information support of consolidation work in social media are presented.

Overlap relationship between the priority of land consolidation and the floodplain wetland potential in paddy field

AbstractEcosystems that offer several ecosystem services can be used as green infrastructure for human well‐being. In recent years, human activities have substantially engineered ecosystems to produce the desired ecosystem services. However, such efforts could lead to losses of other ecosystem services. Paddy fields are a seminatural ecosystem that can provide several ecosystem services other than rice production. Land consolidation in paddy fields aim to increase the efficiency of food production as a provisioning service, but it could depress the quality of wetland habitat as a supporting service. Recently, the Japanese government aimed to agricultural production with biodiversity conservation. Therefore, prioritizing a control strategy for future land consolidation is needed. Land consolidation work is effective for large areas and may incorporate the paddy field, previously a floodplain wetland that played a crucial role in regional biodiversity. However, land consolidation could result in the loss of this function. In this study, I investigated the spatial overlapping between land consolidation and paddy fields, which were previously natural floodplain wetlands in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Here, terrain parameters and flow accumulation value (FAV), that can reflect wetland potential, along with the latest land use map, were used. The consolidation records in 1‐km cell for the whole of Kanagawa prefecture were used to test the hypothesis. Results showed that high FAV area with high wetland potential has large paddy fields and was heavily consolidated. Thus, there is need for drastic policy changes to align both food production and biodiversity in paddy fields in Japan.

The Tool for Assessing the Effectiveness of Land Consolidation

The main aim of the study was to develop a tool that automatically calculates the basic parameters describing the efficiency of land consolidation work, especially consolidation projects and analysis of the optimal location of parcels. Efficiency is usually determined by basic spatial parameters such as size, number and dispersion of plots. To calculate the spatial dispersion of parcels in a registration unit, the use of a convex envelope (convex hull) is proposed. This is one of the basic functions of a Geographical Information System (GIS). It provides a simple way to estimate the dispersion of land, taking into account its area and its belonging to a particular registration unit. The ModelBuilder application available in ArcGIS software was used to build the efficiency assessment tool. The tool was tested on three consolidation areas – Ilkowice, Rajsko-Niedzieliska-Szczurowa and Łukowa. The best results in terms of optimal distribution of plots were obtained on the Rajsko-Niedzieliska-Szczurowa site. In this case, the average area of plots increased more than threefold. The number of parcels in the entire site and in the registration units has more than threefold decreased. The average dispersion of plots in the units decreased here by almost four times. The other two sites did not score as well, but the analysis of the parameters indicates that there has been an improvement in the distribution of plots compared to the initial state. The average area of plots in Ilkowice increased by about 25% and in Lukowa by about 48%. The number of plots decreased in Ilkowice by about 25% and in Lukowa by about 48%. The average dispersion of plots in the units decreased in Ilkowice by 20% and in Lukowa by about 22%. It should be mentioned here that the Rajsko- -Niedzielska-Szczurowa site consisted exclusively of agricultural plots, so it was definitely easier to achieve such good results. The Ilkowice and Łukowa sites also contained developed plots, which were not consolidated.

Machine learning compliance-aware dynamic software allocation for energy, cost and resource-efficient cloud environment

With the growing number of cloud services protected by licenses, compliance management and assurance is becoming critical need to support the development of trustworthy cloud systems. In these systems, the multiplication of services and the inefficient resource utilization incurred energy consumption and costs increase despite the consolidation initiatives underway. Few works deal with resource allocation optimization at the SaaS level, which does not consider compliance aspects. Generally, the reported consolidation work does not address license management in the cloud environment as a whole, particularly from a resource management perspective, and the vast majority of consolidation work focuses on resource optimization at the infrastructure level. Thus, we propose a software license consolidation scheme based on multi-objective reinforcement learning that enables efficient use of resources and optimizes energy consumption, resource wastage, and costs while ensuring compliance with the processor-based licensing model. The experimental results show that our solution outperforms the baseline approaches in different scenarios with homogeneous and heterogeneous resources under different data center scales.

The Influence of Spatial Planning Ability on Land Consolidation

The new round of land and space planning is an important measure proposed under the background of the strategic deployment of "multiple planning in one" to promote stable growth of the national economy and maintain coordinated regional development. It has achieved the unification of major functional area planning, land use planning, and urban and rural planning. Realize the global, all-round, "triad" type of land and space development, eliminate the differences in land types and unclear map definitions between various government functional departments, determine the scope of land projects, submit projects for approval, and promote the development of comprehensive land consolidation in the whole region Has significant meaning. The objective, true, and fair formation of the “one map” background of land resources and land use has a very important impact on the development of comprehensive land consolidation. Based on the research on the concept and significance of the new round of land and space planning, this paper analyzes the focus of the new round of land and space planning in the comprehensive land consolidation work of the whole region, and finally puts forward the necessary suggestions for the existing problems, with a view to Under the new round of national land and space planning measures, "multiple planning integration" and the realization of "one map" of land and space planning provide necessary reference.

Fifth Report on the Publication and Conservation of the Tomb of Ramesses III in the Valley of the Kings (KV 11)


 
 
 The 2021 fieldwork of The Ramesses III (KV 11) Publication and Conservation Project1 included the excavation of room H, the first upper layer of room I, the area behind pillars 1 to 7 in hall J (fol. aisle), and room Ja. Furthermore, consolidation work on pillars and the ceiling in the burial chamber began, and initial work for future conservation was carried out. Microbiological examination of the entire tomb took place to gain data for health precautions and in support of conservation. Finally, our research and the development of a site management plan proceeded successfully and will lead to the publication of KV 11 in the future.
 
 

The Sustainability Study Done for a Consolidation Work on a Historical Building

A very important problem encountered all over the world and increasingly widespread is represented by sustainability. The construction field is responsible for a high environmental impact, for the entire duration of a building’s operation, from the construction stage until its demolition. This paper presents a sustainability study, performed on an old historical building located in Romania—Arad County, which implied the consolidation of its resistance structure as a result of visible degradation. The study was performed using the Bob–Dencsak Calculation Model, which involved research into several specific parameters for each dimension separately (ecological, economic and social). Besides establishing the sustainability class for the consolidated building, an analysis was done on the impact that metal has as compared to reinforced concrete, thus resulting in the finding that metal is less sustainable than reinforced concrete, achieving growths of up to 42% for embodied energy and 28.50% of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Finally, the paper offers recommendations for future sustainability assessment research with the aim of increasing the quality of life and minimizing the negative impact on the environment with minimal costs.

Integration of government accounting system reform and university infrastructure consolidation based on type two fuzzy sets

Abstract Type II fuzzy set can innovate the accounting method of infrastructure consolidation and integration work. Based on this, this paper constructs a new and feasible accounting system for the integration of government accounting systems and university infrastructure. The specific application is that any point on the financial subordination domain and its corresponding subordination interval constitutes a type two fuzzy set, and the fuzzy set is used as the object for modeling. Using the interval type-two fuzzy set for word calculation, the result of the calculation is output by the decoder and sorted, and the value of the accounting account amount can be derived. The mutual subset measure between the input interval type II fuzzy set and the rule antecedent interval type II fuzzy set is used to check the accounting bills of the rule activation interval and to verify the performance of its use in the capital consolidation work of S universities. The experimental results show that after transferring the balance of $4,982,600 for prepaid construction and $4,956,200 for prepaid provisioning to the prepaid account on the basis of ensuring the consistency of the output KM algorithm, the balance of the account becomes $9,938,800. This result shows that the type II fuzzy set saves 42% of the arithmetic cost for this transfer of university infrastructure accounts, and contributes to the realization of the government accounting system reform and the improvement of financial management of the integration of university infrastructure accounts.

Analysis and Evaluation of the Benefits of Rural Land Remediation Planning in China

Compared with land improvement performance evaluation and post evaluation, the essence of the former is to conduct predictive analysis and evaluation of events that have not occurred, while the latter can directly use indicator data that has occurred for analysis. This article conducts corresponding benefit analysis and evaluation of comprehensive land consolidation work through qualitative and quantitative evaluation, closely focusing on the goals and tasks of national land consolidation planning and provincial land use overall planning, and coordinating and arranging projects such as land consolidation, reclamation and development, and urban-rural construction land increase and decrease linkage. By utilizing urban land consolidation models such as old city renovation, we aim to improve the efficiency of urban land use and increase the effective area of urban construction land. In accordance with the requirements of the new rural construction, efforts will be made to strengthen land consolidation, concentrate on promoting land leveling and the construction of farmland water conservancy, field roads, and field protective forests, and effectively promote the scale and industrialization of agriculture; Efforts will be made to promote village renovation and form a new rural pattern with relatively concentrated housing and beautiful environment.

The Development Status and Prospects of Comprehensive Land Remediation in the Whole Region

China has vast land, and rural land is the foundation for farmers' survival. In recent years, rural areas have been vigorously promoting the strategy of rural revitalization, and the fundamental task of rural revitalization is to first rectify the land, as the land in rural areas is now relatively scattered. Comprehensive land consolidation has become an important means to implement the concept of ecological civilization construction and the strategy of rural revitalization. It is also a platform for the Ministry of Natural Resources to fulfill the responsibilities of unified land use control and ecological protection and restoration, and to implement land spatial planning. Carrying out comprehensive land consolidation across the entire region is not only an inevitable requirement of the new development concept for land consolidation work, but also a fundamental trend in the development of land consolidation work in the new era.

Assessing the self-healings properties of nano -Ca(OH)2 – TiO2 – ZnO materials used in monuments conservation works

Consolidates based on Ca(OH)2 have been prepared as macro- and/or nanoparticles dispersed in different alcohols, regardless of the precursor nature. Their efficiency is related to the small dimensions of the particles and the dispersion media, which allows their penetration into the deteriorated material substrates, as well as to an increased reactivity towards CO2. Besides the consolidating effect there is a strong need for the newly developed materials to also tackle other properties like self cleaning and antimicrobial activity, especially with regards to white monuments. In this context the present work highlights the effect of treating with stable alcoholic suspension containing nano - Ca(OH)2 – TiO2 – ZnO the physical support models consisting of mortar cubic samples from hydraulic / aerial lime, a commonly used materials in consolidation works.

Active Thermography for Non-invasive Inspection of Wall Painting: Novel Approach Based on Thermal Recovery Maps

The development of novel non-invasive diagnostic methods to support artwork conservation is an important aspect for preserving human culture. For many years the restoration work has been assisted by various technologies with digital imaging systems playing an important role. An important request is the use of non-invasive diagnostic tools that allow the detection of defects and a comparison between their state before and after consolidation treatments. Among these, infrared thermography is a well-known non-invasive and contact-less imaging method that can enable low-cost in situ analysis. This work investigates the feasibility of an innovative active thermography approach based on the calculation of thermal recovery maps to detect detachments in wall painting. Its capabilities are tested on a work of art datable in the XVIII century by making measurements in situ before and after a consolidation work. The results achieved show how this analysis can significantly support the restoration works in the detection of critical/defective areas and for a pre-post restoration comparison of the artwork.

ATSC 3.0, DVB-I, and TV 3.0 Services via 5G Broadcast—System Design and Reference Tools

5G broadcast brings the promise of an independent or complementary linear TV experience, which can reuse existing terrestrial broadcast infrastructure to serve high definition (HD) or 4K live content to mobile devices, possibly independent of a mobile subscription. To benefit fully from this new capability, the design of a service layer is essential, including service discovery procedures and delivery protocols over IP multicast. This article examines the set of the different standardized service layers brought by the 3GPP, Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC), and Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), which could target different regions, ecosystems, or regulatory requirements. To support media service providers, a full ecosystem of tools is now emerging, including the Reference Tools from the 5G Media Action Group (5G-MAG) and the GPAC open-source solution. We will introduce the consolidated work from 3GPP and 5G-MAG to make this vision a reality, in terms of standardization and development of reference tools. We will detail how DVB-I services over 5G broadcast can now be experimented with commodity tools and commercial devices. We will also identify the potential synergies with ATSC 3.0 A/3311and the possibilities for Brazil’s TV 3.0 project,2for which Real-time Object delivery over Unidirectional Transport (ROUTE)/dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) is the transport layer of choice and 5G broadcast is a candidate for the physical layer.

The project “Preserve” and the related policy of the Hellenic Ministry of Environment and Energy for the protection of tangible Cultural Heritage

Nowadays, due to economic crisis, the number of "abandoned", empty or dilapidated listed or historic buildings of Greek cities and settlements is constantly increasing. In order to protect and enhance the Greek tangible cultural heritage, it is necessary to promote actions that give motives to owners or users of historic buildings to preserve them, by providing tools and financial support in the particularly increased costs of restoration and consolidation works of their necessary continuous maintenance. The program “Preserve” introduced by the Hellenic Ministry of Environment and Energy, and more specifically the General Secretariat of Spatial Planning & Urban Environment, relates to interventions in designated as listed or monuments or buildings within historic sites and traditional settlements and historic buildings. The interventions will include facade cleaning (with gentle water jet to remove air pollutants or anti-graffiti painting for protection against vandalism), works in order to preserve the shell of the buildings so as to avoid it’s partial or total collapse, restoration of facades and restoration of the interior of the buildings. Along with the activation of the Digital Land Bank, the Building Rights Transfer, the Single Digital Map, and the Digital Building Identity etc., it will offer the owners of the listed buildings a holistic solution for the protection and enhancement of the tangible cultural heritage of Greece.