Consolidation Practices Research Articles

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LAND FRAGMENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION PRACTICES, POLICY RESPONSES IN TÜRKİYE AND KYRGYZSTAN

Understanding agricultural land dynamics is imperative for sustainable development. This research presents a comparative analysis of land fragmentation and consolidation practices in Türkiye and Kyrgyzstan. Land fragmentation, a global issue, hinders agricultural modernization due to small, scattered parcels. Factors such as inheritance laws, population pressure, and economic shifts contribute to fragmentation. Land consolidation, a solution advocated by FAO and FIG, aims to redistribute land, enhance productivity, and achieve public objectives. While Türkiye demonstrates successful land consolidation efforts, Kyrgyzstan lacks legislation and institutional capacity, impeding progress. Recommendations include tailored legislation, institutional strengthening, and international collaboration. Türkiye's experience shows significant reductions in parcel numbers and increased access to resources. Addressing fragmentation requires simultaneous consolidation and land banking initiatives. By implementing these recommendations, both countries can overcome fragmentation challenges and foster sustainable agricultural development.

Theories and practices of comprehensive land consolidation in promoting multifunctional land use

Rapid urbanization requires comprehensive land consolidation to manage multifunctional land use. The promotion of multifunctional land use is an effective rural development strategy for upgrading comprehensive land consolidation and stimulating rural vitalization. This study attempts to illustrate the connotation and characteristics of comprehensive land consolidation and reveal the driving mechanism in promoting multifunctional land use. This was achieved by constructing a complete process analysis framework of comprehensive land consolidation and using the town of Hemudu in Zhejiang province, a comprehensive land consolidation pilot area, as a case study. Land use practices in Hemudu were examined, and the impact of comprehensive land consolidation on multifunctional land use was measured quantitatively. The results show that comprehensive land consolidation is characterized by meeting multiple needs, taking diversified engineering measures, and increasing efficient function supply to address the issues caused by the mismatch between the supply and demand of land use functions. These strategies contribute to a continuous process of land use transition in the consolidation area and help to achieve balanced and healthy ecological elements, optimal landscape structures, realized land value, enhanced function supply, and empowered rural culture. The implementation process in the pilot area was complex and systematic, from the integration of rural space to the improvement of villagers’ quality of life, and finally, to the restoration and protection of the ecological environment. Overall, the implementation promoted multifunctional land use in Hemudu but the imbalance between different functions still exists and is significant. Concerning the improvement of land use function, optimal paths are proposed to guide rational and scientific comprehensive land consolidation practices in the future.

Social identities and consolidation practices of the modern youth: the experience of Russian and foreign studies

The article is based on the synthesis of research advances of Russian and foreign authors covering the issues of young people’s self-identification and the practices of their association. This interest is caused by the project implemented in the Samara region «Youth Identity and consolidation practice: regional aspect». The article uses the research results of foreign scientists, which discuss the issues of digital, ethnic-racial, religious identities, as well as the identities of poor youth in the context of establishing the consumer culture values. The results of the All-Russian project «Z Generation Eventivity» (2018) on the childhood eventivity, directed by S.N. Mayorova-Shcheglova, are significant. The research results on the issue under study, obtained in the Samara region, are important. These studies are on the social and medical volunteering, the importance of the activities of folk performance teams for preserving and developing the Russian culture. It was found that the identity problems in foreign studies are mainly placed in the context of consolidation practices of various minorities, socially vulnerable, discriminated youth groups. Russian studies have another approach: the self-identification issues are considered as related to various activities of the young people, their participation in various prosocial groups. We consider the second approach to be more productive in the Russian conditions.

Formation of the Social Capital of Urban Communities in the Context of Digitalization of the Urban Environment

Introduction. Currently, the development and convergence of virtual digital practices actualizes the need for theoretical and methodological understanding of the transformations of social capital in the urban environment. The purpose of the article is to explore the process of changing the mechanisms for the formation of social capital, based on expert assessments and the results of an analysis of public opinion, as well as conjunctive processes that are being transformed under the influence of the digitalization of urban spaces. Methodology and Methods. The methodological basis of the study consists of the provisions of the social capital theory, the theory of social conjunction; the concept of digitalization of social reality. The empirical base of the scientific article includes the results of a complex of sociological studies conducted by a team of authors of Belgorod State University in 2020–2022. The research data has made it possible to determine the dispositions of various population groups in relation to the social consolidation of urban communities in the context of the digitalization of the urbanized environment, as well as to identify the specifics of values, attitudes and behavioral motives in the implementation of consolidation practices. Results. On the basis of empirical data, it has been possible to reveal that the process of forming and building up the social capital of urban communities has serious limitations that do not disappear in the course of digitalization of the urban environment. On the one hand, this process creates opportunities for consolidation based on social digital platforms; on the other hand, network social capital turns out to be very fragile, since it does not involve “live communication” and does not connect the participants of the interaction with reliable grounds. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis has made it possible to note that, while creating new conditions for communication and unification of citizens, digitalization also leads to the emergence of new barriers, the most significant of which is the lack of “real life communication”, which prevents the participants of interaction from being bound by reliable grounds. Prospects for further research on the topic under study are related to the development of such criteria that will allow us to assess the sociodynamics of the process of the social capital forming in urban communities, as well as the process of consolidation.

Social Aspects in Land Consolidation Processes

Land consolidation is an instrument that readjusts land parcel shapes and reallocates land rights in order to minimize farmland fragmentation, optimize agricultural output, and generate optimal living and working conditions in rural areas. The optimization and reallocation algorithms typically rely on monetarized values of land parcels, soil quality, and compensation amounts. Yet, land management interventions also need instruments for socio-spatial optimization, which may be in conflict with the monetary ones. Many non-monetary values are qualitative in nature. Hence, there is a research gap in how such values can be detected and incorporated, such that they can create a multi-dimensional land consolidation outcome. This study applies a situational analytical approach to investigate how, where, and when social values and belief systems play a role in land consolidation cases in three different study areas. This process enables the qualitative detection of which types of social values are central during land consolidations and which ones are most essential when evaluating outcomes of land consolidation. The synthesis derives that the incorporation of aims—such as addressing socio-spatial affinity, need for equity and fairness, human recognition, and good neighborship—is possible through an innovation in land consolidation practices, social valuation methods, and/or socially responsive land consolidation laws.

Territorialities and Urbanities Transform: A Scenario-Based Approach to Local Planning and Decision Making in Inukjuak and Salluit, Nunavik

This article focuses on the sustainable transformation of Nunavik’s Northern Villages with regard to the notions of dwelling, urbanity and territoriality. Our participatory design research approach addressed the limits of current planning frameworks, exogenous development models, and a complex governance system by integrating the relationship to the territory and the impacts of climate change in the exploration of scenarios for alternative futures adapted to local urban realities. The research illustrates these limits and complexities with hypothetical transformation scenarios in Inukjuak and Salluit. By identifying plausible futures, we formulated sustainable planning strategies combining interrelated factors in the development of project-based interventions to incorporate traditional practices in an urbanizing context. The case of Inukjuak illustrates the importance of natural environments, urban consolidation practices, diversity of use, and socialization, while that of Salluit demonstrates the reciprocity between geomorphological, constructive, socio-cultural, and logistical design variables. Evolving Northern development challenges require that the relevance of these scenarios be examined based on alternative hypotheses and long-term horizons, in the imagination of shared strategies for sustainable planning. Design research, the use of decision-making tools and participatory frameworks are questioned in relation to their contribution to the self-determination of local communities in the “resituation” of their living environments.

Challenges for the Land Consolidation Program and The Role of Community Participation in Residential Areas

In general, implementing land consolidation in big cities in Indonesia is still limited to developing public infrastructures such as road construction and drainage. There have not been many consolidation practices aimed at regulating land use arrangements to provide space for settlements. However, the concept of land consolidation has begun to be paid attention to strategies to increase the demand for housing amid the lack of land availability in urban areas. The purpose of the article is to assess the role of stakeholders in structuring residential land, using secondary data and is supported by interviews as primary data. Through the case study method in Tegalsari Village, Tegal City, the dimensions of the parts of each party were found. It was that all relevant stakeholders must consider more roles. Local governments, academics, practitioners, the private sector, and the community have equally essential functions, requiring mature collaboration to implement land consolidation successfully.

Changes in microbial community structure under land consolidation in paddy soils: A case study in eastern China

Soil microbial communities are greatly affected by human disturbance and soil physicochemical properties. Land consolidation is an important technology for sustainable agricultural development. However, there are few studies on how land consolidation affects the diversity and structure of soil microbial communities. To understand how land consolidation induced variations in bacterial and fungal communities in soil, we applied a high-throughput sequencing approach of 16S rRNA gene so as to get the information on microbial communities in 20 paddy fields of J County, China. The results showed the huge impact of land consolidation for bacteria as well as fungi, along with the richness and diversity of species critically higher in fields of land consolidation than those not. As for the bacterial communities in fields of land consolidation, the functional diversity of them was also significantly higher, especially nitrogen cycling. The results also showed that the microbial richness and diversity increased in the paddy fields under land consolidation practices of building ditches and applying organic fertilizer compared to others. Interestingly, the relative abundances of heavy-metal tolerant bacteria (Geobacter, Thiobacillus) and fungi (Aspergillus) were increased in the soils from land consolidation areas, which were beneficial microorganisms that could contribute to reduce heavy metal contamination and provide a suitable environment for the growth of plants. Therefore, we concluded that land consolidation could be considered as a viable strategy to improve soil microbial richness and diversity, as well as to increase the abundance of beneficial microorganisms. These findings enhanced our understanding of the importance of land consolidation for increasing the soil microbial diversity and improving soil quality.

Comprehensive assessment of paddy soil quality under land consolidation: a novel perspective of microbiology

Soil quality assessment is an important means to demonstrate how effective land consolidation is. However, the existing assessment system is not sufficient to reflect actual soil quality. So, the purpose of this study is to integrate abiological and biological indicators into a comprehensive assessment to evaluate the paddy soil quality under different land consolidation practices. Soil samples were collected from 35 paddy sites under different land consolidation practices including land merging, land leveling (LL), ditch construction (DC) and application of organic fertilizer (AO). A total of 10 paddy sites were selected under conventional tillage (CT) from non-land consolidation area as a control group in Y county, China. The results indicated that soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus, bacterial functional diversity (BFD), bacterial and fungal abundances were significantly improved. Fields under LL, among all the land consolidation practices, might still face the risk of land degradation caused by low TN, OM and microbial diversity. High microbial biomass, BFD and OM were significantly higher in fields under AO in nutrient cycle. According to the results of comprehensive assessment, the samples with severe heavy metal contamination and low microbial diversity were generally concentrated in CT. These results indicated that land consolidation was an efficient technique to improve soil quality and could achieve higher quality of agricultural products.

Солидарные основания гражданского общества в российском регионе

The problem of solidary foundations of civil society in relation to the Russian region conditions is considered. It is proved that it is consolidation that creates real prerequisites for a real, rather than imitative, process of establishing civil relations in society. However, based on the analysis of the experience of Belgorod Oblast, where the Strategy “Formation of a regional solidarity society for 2011–2025” has been adopted and implemented, it is concluded that the Strategy is being implemented in an extremely inconsistent and contradictory manner. This is due to the fact that solidarity is a social phenomenon based on mutual trust of public subjects, the achievement of which, in its turn, in Russian conditions is significantly determined by the presence of a sense of social justice. In this context, the ineffectiveness of consolidation practices is considered as a result of the prevailing perception of the injustice of social relations among a large part of citizens and the widespread “culture of distrust” in the public consciousness.

The governance of public bodies in times of austerity

Private sector governance arrangements have been imported into UK public bodies under the influence of New Public Management reforms. This paper draws on a cohort study of 14 public bodies to assess the appropriateness of this practice and the impact of fiscal austerity during the study period of 2010–16. Based on multiple sources, including interviews with Chairs and Chief Executives, it shows that, though similar to private corporate Boards in appearance, public Boards are often excluded from the strategy role. They are also vulnerable to the elastic definition of policy over which Ministers assert dominance, thereby blurring accountability. It demonstrates the tension between vertical accountability to government principals and horizontal accountability to stakeholders. During the study window, public bodies were abolished, broken up, merged, reconfigured or taken back into core government, as the UK Government imposed austerity measures to reduce the size of the fiscal deficit and to diminish government roles in delivery, financing and regulation of public services. Surviving public bodies in the study suffered deep budget cuts and less autonomy from central control. These findings are interpreted as evidence of the re-territorialisation of the UK public sector, with accruals accounting and accounting consolidation practices playing a facilitating role.

Assessing the relationship between the spatial distribution of land consolidation projects and farmland resources in China, 2006–2012

China’s recent rapid economic development has resulted in rampant urbanization and substantial farmland reduction, which makes food security a great policy concern, not only in China, but around the world. The Chinese government has been implementing large-scale land consolidation programs since 1998 in order to stabilize and improve the quantity and quality of national farmland. During 2006–2012, about 6.8% of total national farmland was renewed by land consolidation programs. A comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the spatial distribution of land consolidation projects and the present status (quality and quantity) of respective farmland is critical for the future national land consolidation strategy. Land use, land consolidation management data, implementation status and spatial-temporal features of such implementation were explored. We found that prioritized implementation was weak at the national level; that is, obvious discrepancies exist between implementation intensity and improvement potential of farmland quality. Furthermore, the national land consolidation plan did not provide effective guidance for land consolidation practices; hence policy implementation differs significantly across the country. We suggest that methods of management and operational strategy in land consolidation should be improved.

Accelerated ageing of cotton canvas as a model for further consolidation practices

In order to assess the effectiveness of various practices for canvas consolidation, model substrates are needed. In this work, a method of rapid ageing of cotton canvas is described. The method consists of treatment of the canvas with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid at 40 degrees C during 72 hours to mimic to some extent the natural processes of oxidation and acid-catalysed hydrolysis of cellulose. Two protocols for canvas degradation were developed, which reduced the degree of polymerization of cellulose from ca.6250 to ca.1350 and 450. The reduction of the mechanical properties and the increase of the negative charge were also quantified. These samples were compared with a canvas degraded using a state-of-the-art method that takes up to 20 days. The results show that the developed method can provide a rapid procedure for preparing small samples for testing various consolidation strategies by conservators.

景观生态学在土地整治中的应用研究进展

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 景观生态学在土地整治中的应用研究进展 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201612132562 作者: 作者单位: 国土资源部土地整治中心土地整治重点实验室,国土资源部土地整治中心土地整治重点实验室;中国地质大学北京土地科学技术学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（41171152） Current status and prospects for practical research of landscape ecology in land consolidation Author: Affiliation: Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100035, China, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在土地整治中融入景观生态学理念是推动土地整治生态建设的必然要求。阐述了土地整治中的景观生态学原理，分析了相关文献变化和研究重点，总结了中国土地整治中的景观生态学研究现状，提出了土地整治中的景观生态学研究展望：（1）重视土地整治中景观生态学的基础理论研究，构建土地整治的景观生态学理论与技术体系；（2）加强土地整治的景观动态与生态效应机制研究，建立适用土地整治景观生态影响的方法和模型；（3）强化土地整治的多尺度和长序列景观生态研究，揭示土地整治过程中的尺度效应和多尺度耦合机制；（4）加强土地整治中多种生态系统服务的集成与优化，强化用于指导土地整治生态规划设计与管理工作，以期为深化土地整治中的景观生态学研究提供借鉴和启示。 Abstract:The land consolidation project in China was initiated in the late 1990s and largely implemented after 2008. It was regarded as one of the largest human-induced land-use change projects that have had profound effects on local and regional ecosystems. However, in comparison with the studies in developed countries, studies from the practical perspective of landscape ecology in the land consolidation projections are quite limited in China. It is necessary to integrate the concept of landscape ecology into land consolidation practices to promote the construction of ecological civilization. Landscape ecology in land consolidation has become an important part of the practices of landscape ecology in China. This paper elaborated the principles of landscape ecology in land consolidation, analyzed the quantity of literature and the main hot spots of the application of landscape ecology in land consolidation practices, and provided a brief overview of current research in China. Our findings revealed that currently, research on the application of landscape ecology to land consolidation in China is facing unprecedented development opportunities and also severe challenges. Thus, we put forward four developmental strategies for practical landscape ecology research in land consolidation as follows:(1) Promote the study of the basic theories of landscape ecology in land consolidation, and construct related theory and technology systems. Summarize the theories of landscape ecology according to the characteristics of the land consolidation projects, recognize landscape-level ecological effects of different land consolidation methods, and develop and implement land consolidation planning, which is more in line with ecological civilization. (2) Enhance the study of the mechanism of landscape ecology in land consolidation, and establish methods and models of the landscape ecological impact of land consolidation. Explore energy, physical, and biological processes by establishing long-term observation parcels in the land consolidation area; analyze the mechanism of the impact of land consolidation on ecological effects. Then, establish a model to quantify the impact of land consolidation on ecological processes. (3) Strengthen the multi-scale and long-term study of landscape ecology in land consolidation, and reveal its scale effect and multi-scale coupling mechanism. Conduct long-term observations and experiments on project scale, establish a scientific field experiment and data analysis program at the village, county, and regional scale, and conduct analysis of scale effect and multi-scale coupling through model simulation and precision verification. (4) Emphasize integration and optimization research in analyzing multiple ecosystem services of land consolidation in order to guide ecological planning, design, and management of land consolidation. Disclose the ecosystem services value of land consolidation areas based on the models of InVEST and ARIES, among others, and reveal the changes in ecosystem service values before and after the land consolidation project with the support of Matlab and ArcGIS software platforms to evaluate the effect of land consolidation on the relationships among supply services, support services, regulatory services, and cultural services. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Accrual practices and reform experiences in OECD countries Results of the 2016 OECD Accruals Survey

Over the past two decades, a growing number of governments have begun moving away from pure cash accounting toward accrual accounting. In the wake of these reforms, the budget presentation, audit techniques, and accounting standards setting and consolidation practices have evolved significantly. This paper reviews the current accrual practices in OECD countries, challenges associated with accruals reforms, and assesses the benefits achieved. It finally considers initiatives in OECD countries to make better use of accrual information in the future. JEL Classification: H60, H83 Keywords: accrual accounting, accrual budgeting, accounting practices, budgeting practices, consolidation, external audit, accounting standard setting.

Importance of Land Consolidation in the Sustainable Use of Turkey's Rural Land Resources

It is accepted worldwide that one of the most important solution concerning the future of agricultural activities is improvement of rural lands. Today, in agricultural lands in several countries, land consolidation works are performed for the purpose of increasing production and efficiency and accordingly, ensuring perpetuity of cropping. At the same time, land consolidations are used as an effective tool in sustainable rural development plans. Consolidation works were initiated in 1961 in Turkey, but sufficient success could not be achieved.In this study, methods applied and problems encountered in consolidation practices for rural land resources in Turkey were elaborated. At the same time, place and importance of land consolidation in sustainable efficient use of rural land resources were assessed.

Finite-difference model for one-dimensional electro-osmotic consolidation

Small strain consolidation theories treat soil properties as being constant and uniform in the course of consolidation, which is not true in the case of electro-osmosis-induced consolidation practices. Electro-osmotic consolidation leads to large strain, which physically and electro-chemically affects to a non-negligible extent the nonlinear changes of the soil properties. For the nonlinear changes, iterative computations provide a mathematical approximation of the soil consolidation when the time steps and spatial geometry are intensively meshed. In this context, this paper presents a finite-difference model, EC1, for one-dimensional electro-osmotic consolidation, and this model is developed based on a fixed Eulerian co-ordinate system and uses a piecewise linear approximation. The model is able to account for the large-strain-induced nonlinear changes of the physical and electro-chemical properties in a compressible mass subjected to electro-osmotic consolidation and to predict the consolidation characteristics of the compressible mass. EC1 is verified against exact analytical solutions and test results obtained from an experimental program. Example problems are illustrated with respect to the numerical solutions of large-strain electro-osmotic consolidation.

Movement patterns, habitat selection, and corridor use of a typical woodland-dweller species, the European pine marten (Martes martes), in fragmented landscape

Woodland fragmentation through land consolidation practices (the merging of small fields by the removal of separating structures like hedgerows) is recognised as a major threat to biodiversity in Europe. While its impact on the occurrence of species has frequently been the object of focus, its impact on the movements of individuals has rarely been studied. We used paths of radio-tracked European pine martens ( Martes martes (L., 1758)), a forest-dwelling species, with fixes taken at 3 min intervals to determine their habitat use in fragmented landscape. Our results differ from those generally reported in the literature. Monitored individuals were not confined to large forests, and made additional use of small wood plots and hedgerows. Indeed, individuals moved faster in forests than in all other habitat types, which suggests that martens preferentially foraged in small woods, edges, and hedgerows. Roads and buildings were not avoided; fields, however, were avoided, although they did not act as barriers. Martens stayed close to forest cover when venturing into open ground, which suggests that although not restricted to forests, pine martens exhibit a certain dependence on the presence of trees in the vicinity.

Microfocus X-ray computed tomography analysis of corroded glass objects

Microfocus X-ray computed tomography (µCT) is a useful tool for non-destructive analysis of corroded archaeological glass objects and for monitoring restoration and conservation processes for these materials. This was demonstrated by µCT analysis of artificially corroded laboratory-produced glasses and corroded archaeological glasses retrieved from soil environments. Corrosion layers with a thickness of 20 µm or more can be detected as areas with lower X-ray attenuation values than the non-corroded glass. Features that are revealed by µCT analyses include the degree and patterns of corrosion and the presence of various internal structures in the corrosion layers. The study of restored corroded glasses demonstrates that mechanical and laser cleaning can be monitored efficiently. The study of consolidation practices, using test objects, requires the use of additives to increase X-ray attenuation values of the organic compounds that are used.

Improvement of Inter-facility Shipments Efficiency by Means of a Heuristic Bin Packing Algorithm

This paper investigates how to improve the efficiency of cross-shipments between warehouses and shipments between factories and warehouses in multi-divisional firms with a high level of inter-facility material handling activities. Specifically, the paper focuses on the optimisation of the freight transportation of finished goods between the firm's warehouses and/or production plants. It is shown how transportation costs can be minimised by adopting optimal tools and practices for order consolidation and carrier loading. First, the main features of inter-facility transportation in modern multi-divisional firms are addressed, together with different aspects of the freight consolidation problem. Then, an original heuristic bin packing algorithm is introduced and tested. This algorithm, tailored for a field application, makes it possible to optimise the way in which order lines are assigned to carriers. The objective is to minimise the number of shipments required. The applicability and the implications of the general framework presented are then tested in a real industrial scenario. The case refers to the inter-facility transportation of a major Italian multi-divisional firm operating in the ceramic tiles field. Results obtained show how a significant improvement can be gained through ad hoc consolidation and transportation practices, both in terms of loading efficiency, understood as the ratio between the total weight loaded on a truck and its carrying capacity, and in terms of overall distribution costs.