Consistent Preference Research Articles

Hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model for assessing perceived significance of 23 potentially modifiable cancer risk factors among senior nursing officers

BackgroundPotentially modifiable cancer risk factors have been increasingly recognized among the Chinese population. In this study, we aimed to investigate the perceived significance of these risk factors among senior nursing officers, who play a crucial role in providing healthcare services. We also sought to determine senior nursing officers’ performance in reducing these risk factors.MethodsA questionnaire survey regarding 23 potentially modifiable cancer risk factors was conducted in November 2023 with 58 senior nursing officers at Taizhou Hospital in Zhejiang Province, China. The consistent fuzzy preference relation method and importance–performance analysis were used to determine the attribute weights and performance levels.ResultsThe senior nursing officers considered diabetes, ultraviolet radiation exposure, PM2.5 exposure, excess body weight, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption and secondhand smoking significant. However, performance in reducing secondhand smoking, physical inactivity, excess body weight, PM2.5 exposure, and ultraviolet radiation exposure required improvement.ConclusionsThe proposed hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making model enhances our understanding of the perceived significance of 23 modifiable cancer risk factors and performance in reducing them, which could facilitate improvements in health education efforts.

No Incidental Memory Advantage for Mixed Handed vs. Consistent Right Handed Participants: Conflicting Results From Earlier Research.

Individuals who vary their preferred hand when performing different types of manual activities, so-called mixed handers (MH), have been frequently reported to outperform individuals with a consistent (right) hand preference (cRH) on tasks assessing declarative-memory functions. For example, in one influential study, this MH advantage extended to incidental learning from presumed "deep" semantic processing of verbal stimuli but not from "shallow" phonemic or structural processing. In the present study, we aimed to replicate this research finding in two separate participant samples. First, in a pre-registered and sample-size planned experiment we confronted 49 participants (23 MH; 26 cRH) with "phonemic" and "semantic" word evaluation tasks (using a within design), followed by a surprise delayed recognition test. In a second experiment, we repeated the same procedure with 65 other participants (31 MH, 34 cRH). A mixed-effect analyses of variance found a significant main effect of Encoding Condition (phonemic vs. semantic tasks) in both experiments (effect size: ηp2 = .81 to .85), indicating the classical level-of processing effect with higher recognition hits and sensitivity (d') for words that followed semantic versus phonemic encoding. However, the predicted interaction effect of Encoding Condition with Handedness Group was not statistically significant for either sample (all ηp2 < .03), nor was the main effect of Handedness Group. Thus, our findings conflicted with those of the original study in two independent samples. As we had sufficient statistical power to be confident in our failure to detect a genuine group difference, we cannot confirm the previously reported MH over cRH advantage in incidental learning of verbal material. We discuss possible reasons for these contradictory results and the theoretical implications of this discovery.

Prevalence, satisfaction and preference of tooth shades and their correlation with age, gender and skin shade: A cross sectional study

Shade selection is one of the most important factors that determines the satisfaction of the patient with the dental prosthesis and thus the overall success of the treatment. Conventional methods of shade selection require the presence of existing teeth or past dental/photographic records. In the absence of these, shade selection becomes challenging and must be done subjectively and arbitrarily based on the patient’s age and sex. This study aims to assess the prevalence, satisfaction, and preference of tooth shades, investigating their correlation with age, sex, and skin shade in a diverse sample of 120 participants. Methods A total of 120 participants, evenly distributed among 60 males and 60 females, were surveyed. Participants were categorized into age groups (n=15) and asked about their satisfaction with existing tooth shades and their preferences. Results The most common existing tooth shade was Value 2 (52.5%). Statistical analysis using Chi-square tests revealed that Value 2 was the most desired shade among males and females alike, particularly in the age group of 41 to 50 years (p &lt; 0.001). Shade 2L1.5 was the most prevalent (n=26), with Value 2 (59.16%) being the most sought-after shade, followed by Shade 2L1.5 (n=21), Shade 2M1 (n=18), Shade 1M1 (n=15), and Shade 2R1.5 (n=14). Existing tooth shades of Value 0 were the least common. The highest satisfaction with existing shades was observed in males aged 41 to 50 (n=15), followed by males aged 51 to 60 (n=14) and females aged 31 to 40 (n=12) and 41 to 50 (n=12). Significant differences in satisfaction were noted among males (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions This study reveals a consistent and strong preference among both males and females for tooth shades classified as Value 2, following the VITA Tooth-Guide 3D Master shade guide. This universal preference suggests the relevance and acceptance of this shade category across diverse patient groups.

Does bumblebee preference of continuous over interrupted strings in string-pulling tasks indicate means-end comprehension?

Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) have been shown to engage in string-pulling behavior to access rewards. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether bumblebees display means-end comprehension in a string-pulling task. We presented bumblebees with two options: one where a string was connected to an artificial flower containing a reward and the other presenting an interrupted string. Bumblebees displayed a consistent preference for pulling connected strings over interrupted ones after training with a stepwise pulling technique. When exposed to novel string colors, bees continued to exhibit a bias towards pulling the connected string. This suggests that bumblebees engage in featural generalization of the visual display of the string connected to the flower in this task. If the view of the string connected to the flower was restricted during the training phase, the proportion of bumblebees choosing the connected strings significantly decreased. Similarly, when the bumblebees were confronted with coiled connected strings during the testing phase, they failed to identify and reject the interrupted strings. This finding underscores the significance of visual consistency in enabling the bumblebees to perform the task successfully. Our results suggest that bumblebees' ability to distinguish between continuous strings and interrupted strings relies on a combination of image matching and associative learning, rather than means-end understanding. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the cognitive processes employed by bumblebees when tackling complex spatial tasks.

Does bumblebee preference of continuous over interrupted strings in string-pulling tasks indicate means-end comprehension?

Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) have been shown to engage in string-pulling behavior to access rewards. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether bumblebees display means-end comprehension in a string-pulling task. We presented bumblebees with two options: one where a string was connected to an artificial flower containing a reward and the other presenting an interrupted string. Bumblebees displayed a consistent preference for pulling connected strings over interrupted ones after training with a stepwise pulling technique. When exposed to novel string colors, bees continued to exhibit a bias towards pulling the connected string. This suggests that bumblebees engage in featural generalization of the visual display of the string connected to the flower in this task. If the view of the string connected to the flower was restricted during the training phase, the proportion of bumblebees choosing the connected strings significantly decreased. Similarly, when the bumblebees were confronted with coiled connected strings during the testing phase, they failed to identify and reject the interrupted strings. This finding underscores the significance of visual consistency in enabling the bumblebees to perform the task successfully. Our results suggest that bumblebees’ ability to distinguish between continuous strings and interrupted strings relies on a combination of image matching and associative learning, rather than means-end understanding. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the cognitive processes employed by bumblebees when tackling complex spatial tasks.

The ambiguous impact of populist trade discourses on the international economic order

Abstract The relationship between populism and free trade has historically been a complex one. This article argues that populism affects trade not by expressing consistent economic preferences, but by operating as a discourse that articulates external policies as a struggle for popular recognition. We analyse trade discourses of Donald Trump and Brexiteers following their victories in the 2016 United States presidential election and the referendum on European Union membership in the United Kingdom. These populist movements expressed opposing trade preferences: Trumpism was identified with protectionism, while Brexiteers supported free trade. However, they both articulated trade as a way to regain popular sovereignty from elites and hostile outsiders. A discursive approach helps identify a common logic in how populists articulate foreign relations despite pursuing nominally opposing policies. While this populist logic pertains primarily to domestic mobilization, it has implications for the international order as well, as evidenced in the persistence of protectionist instincts in the US under President Biden and the acceptance of a ‘global’ trade policy outside the EU as the new frame of reference for UK external economic relations.

Warm, moderate, or cool-liker? A benchmarking framework to characterize occupant overall thermal preferences based on large-scale thermostat data

Humans could exhibit distinct overall thermal preferences when exposed to identical indoor thermal environments, leading to preference groups such as "warm-likers" or "cool-likers", who consistently prefer warmer or cooler conditions than the average population, respectively. Currently, most thermal comfort modelling studies focus on capturing the instantaneous comfort states/preferences of occupants, while overlooking their overall thermal preferences. This paper proposes a benchmarking framework to identify and characterize overall thermal preferences based on the relationship between preferred setpoints and outdoor air temperatures, derived from the ECOBEE Donate Your Data program. Using descriptive statistics, we establish three temporally consistent overall preference groups, including warm-liker, moderate and cool-liker, along with a temporally chaotic preference group termed random. Our results demonstrate that warm-likers prefer temperature setpoints above 21.5 °C on heating days and 24–25 °C on cooling days, while cool-likers prefer setpoints below 19.6 °C on heating days and 22 °C on cooling days, indicating a significant impact of the seasonal transitions. We observed that around 50 % of users exhibit secondary overall preferences, implying that overall thermal preference could change over time. On average, overall thermal preference can be established in 10–16 setpoint adjustments. The study reveals varied responses to outdoor temperature changes among users: many maintain constant indoor temperature preferences, while a significant number adjust their indoor temperatures upwards by 0.1 °C–0.4 °C for each 1 °C rise in outdoor temperature. A smaller group prefers cooler indoor temperatures as it gets warmer outside, showing a unique negative adjustment trend of −0.1. We also found that climate interacts with the overall preference group, with warmer climates having more warm-likers and vice versa.

Understanding author choices in the current conservation publishing landscape.

Conservation literature addresses a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary questions and benefits. Conservation science benefits most when a diverse range of authors are represented, particularly those from countries where much conservation work is focused. In other disciplines, it is well known that barriers and biases exist in the academic publishing sphere, which can affect research dissemination and an author's career development. We used a discrete choice experiment to determine how 7 journal attributes affect authors' choices of where to publish in conservation. We targeted authors directly by contacting authors published in 18 target journals and indirectly via communication channels for conservation organizations. We only included respondents who had previously published in a conservation-related journal. We used a multinomial logit model and a latent class model to investigate preferences for all respondents and distinct subpopulations. We identified 3 demographic groups across 1038 respondents (older authors from predominantly middle-income countries, younger authors from predominantly middle-income countries, and younger authors from high-income countries) who had published in conservation journals. Each group exhibited different publishing preferences. Only 2 attributes showed a consistent response across groups: cost to publish negatively affected journal choice, including authors in high-income countries, and authors had a consistent preference for double-blind review. Authors from middle-income countries were willing to pay more for society-owned journals, unlike authors from high-income countries. Journals with a broad geographical scope that were open access and that had relatively high impact factors were preferred by 2 of the 3 demographic groups. However, journal scope and open access were more important in dictating journal choice than impact factor. Overall, different demographics had different preferences for journals and were limited in their selection based on attributes such as open access policy. However, the scarcity of respondents from low-income countries (2% of respondents) highlights the pervasive barriers to representation in conservation research. We recommend journals offer double-blind review, reduce or remove open access fees, investigate options for free editorial support, and better acknowledge the value of local-scale single-species studies. Academic societies in particular must reflect on how their journals support conservation and conservation professionals.

A Tale of Two Molecules: The Underprediction of CO2 and Overprediction of PH3 in Late T and Y Dwarf Atmospheric Models

The sensitivity and spectral coverage of JWST are enabling us to test our assumptions of ultracool dwarf atmospheric chemistry, especially with regards to the abundances of phosphine (PH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In this paper, we use Near Infrared Spectrograph PRISM spectra (∼0.8−5.5 μm, R ∼ 100) of four late T and Y dwarfs to show that standard substellar atmosphere models have difficulty replicating the 4.1−4.4 μm wavelength range, as they predict an overabundance of phosphine and an underabundance of carbon dioxide. To help quantify this discrepancy, we generate a grid of models using PICASO, based on the Elf Owl chemical and temperature profiles, where we include the abundances of these two molecules as parameters. The fits to these PICASO models show a consistent preference for orders-of-magnitude higher CO2 abundances and a reduction in PH3 abundance as compared to the nominal models. This tendency means that the claimed phosphine detection in UNCOVER−BD−3 could instead be explained by a CO2 abundance in excess of standard atmospheric model predictions; however, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum is not high enough to discriminate between these cases. We discuss atmospheric mechanisms that could explain the observed underabundance of PH3 and overabundance of CO2, including a vertical eddy diffusion coefficient (K zz) that varies with altitude, incorrect chemical pathways, or elements condensing out in forms such as NH4H2PO4. However, our favored explanation for the required CO2 enhancement is that the quench approximation does not accurately predict the CO2 abundance, as CO2 remains in chemical equilibrium with CO after CO quenches.

An ordinal-cardinal consensus adjustment allocation mechanism for large-scale group decision making based on the consistency of distributed preference relations under fuzzy uncertainty

Large-scale group decision making (LSGDM) problem is common in real life. With the increase in the number of alternatives and the limited rationality of human beings, consistency problem is inevitable when pairwise comparison method is used. We propose an improved consistency calculation approach to generate consistent distributed preference relations (DPRs), which adopts adjacent score intervals to calculate the score intervals of non-adjacent alternative pairs. By using optimization model, the initial DPR is preserved as much as possible on the premise of order consistency. As for the consensus analysis, the concept of relationship-possibility degree is defined to capture the ignorance and fuzzy uncertainty in assessments. An ordinal consensus measure method considering absolute position difference and relative position dissimilarity with relationship-possibility degree is proposed. Ordinal-cardinal consensus adjustment model based on DPR is then constructed to obtain the minimum consensus adjustment of decision makers or subgroups coalition which are considered as coalition payoff. In addition, to distribute the ordinal-cardinal minimum consensus adjustment reasonably, we construct a two-stage consensus adjustment allocation mechanism adopting the improved multi-weighted Shapley function in the cooperative game. Several optimization models are constructed to obtain the adjusted DPRs of decision makers or subgroups. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method in dealing with the decision problems of product development engineering. It is expected to make the LSGDM procedure in a more intelligent way.

How virtual relationality enables the incel collective, its narrative and violence

ABSTRACT Involuntary celibates (incels) are individuals who feel alienated from society because of their perceived inability to attract women. They share a narrative which valorises violence as a means to restructure society according to misogynistic ideals. Since promoting a radical misogynistic ideology through violence is legally prohibited and socially unacceptable, it is necessary for incels to hide out online where virtual mediums promise anonymity. Virtual relationality (VR) allowed unorganised individuals with a shared grievance against mainstream societal values to develop into a secretive collective. VR means that individuals connect in chatrooms and internet forums where they exchange interpretations of a narrative which presents their social situation as oppressive and dehumanising. They blame ‘modernist’ values and social practices for their ills and share perspectives of how they should interact with the world. These perspectives frequently justify or condone acts of physical violence. Relating in the virtual world gave these individuals’ shared grievances a sense of coherence and allowed for an amplification of the influence of their violent acts by affirming the value of extremist ideas. VR turned individuals without consistent preferences and a unifying organisational medium into a ‘hydra’ with a felt global presence. The virtual nature of incels complicates responses by 1) enabling the collective to have global reach, 2) allowing it to function without an organised body or institutional structures, 3) making it difficult to identify individual incels, and 4) making it difficult to tell when incels pose a genuine security threat. These realities make it crucial to develop a fuller understanding of how the incel collective functions online.

Increased color preference through the introduction of luminance noise in chromatic stimuli

Humans exhibit consistent color preferences that are often described as a curvilinear pattern across hues. The recent literature posits that color preference is linked to the preference for objects or other entities associated with those colors. However, many studies examine this preference using isoluminant colors, which don’t reflect the natural viewing experience typically influenced by different light intensities. The inclusion of random luminance levels (luminance noise) in chromatic stimuli may provide an initial step towards assessing color preference as it is presented in the real world. Employing mosaic stimuli, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of luminance noise on human color preference. Thirty normal trichromats engaged in a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, indicating their color preferences between presented pairs. The chromatic stimuli included saturated versions of 8 standard hues, presented in mosaics with varying diameters under different luminance noise conditions. Results indicated that the inclusion of luminance noise increased color preference across all hues, specifically under the high luminance noise range, while the curvilinear pattern remained unchanged. Finally, women exhibit a greater sensitivity to the presence of luminance noise than men, potentially due to differences between men and women in aesthetic evaluation strategies.

Interactions between supplier encroachment format and pricing scheme with horizontal shareholding

This paper examines the interactions between supplier encroachment formats (centralized encroachment or decentralized encroachment) and pricing schemes (specific pricing or uniform pricing) in a two-tier supply chain consisting of one supplier and two incumbent retailers, wherein there exists horizontal shareholding between downstream retailers. The analytical results indicate that, under specific pricing scheme, both the incumbent retailers and the supplier prefer decentralized encroachment if the magnitude of shareholding level and the encroachment cost are high. Under uniform pricing scheme, both the incumbent retailers prefer decentralized encroachment while the supplier prefers centralized encroachment. Under centralized encroachment format, both the acquiring retailer and the supplier have consistent preference over pricing scheme (i.e., specific pricing scheme) while the acquired retailer prefers uniform pricing scheme. Under decentralized encroachment format, both the incumbent retailers prefer uniform pricing scheme if the magnitude of shareholding level is low and the encroachment cost is high, or the magnitude of shareholding level is high; both the supplier and the encroaching retailer prefer specific pricing scheme if the encroachment cost is high.

Two‐dimensional ammonia‐linked COF structures with different substituents for the adsorption and separation of sulfur hexafluoride: A theoretical study

AbstractAs one of the most potent greenhouse gases, SF6 has a significant economic and environmental impact on the purification and recovery of exhaust gases from the semiconductor industry. The adsorption and separation performance of SF6 on a two‐dimensional covalent organic framework TAT‐COFs‐1‐AB with different functional groups (SO3H, Et, NH2, OMe, OH, H) was investigated by using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that the adsorption at low pressure depends on the interactions between the SF6 and COF frameworks, while at high pressure it is mainly affected by the porosity. The highest adsorption capacity of 8.44 mmol/g (298 K, 100 kPa) is exhibited by TAT‐COF‐1‐AB‐H, which has the highest porosity. Chemical functionalization was found to be effective in enhancing the SF6/N2 selectivity. Among all the functionalized COFs, TAT‐COF‐1‐AB‐NH2, with the highest specific surface area and strong heat of adsorption, showed the highest selectivity. The simulation of self‐diffusion also shows consistent results with the GCMC simulation. The findings highlight that the adsorption capacity is influenced by substituent and porosity, with SF6 showing a consistent preference for adsorption at hollow sites, as evidenced by binding energy and charge transfer analyses.

Isotopomer labeling and oxygen dependence of hybrid nitrous oxide production

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas and ozone depletion agent, with a significant natural source from marine oxygen-deficient zones (ODZs). Open questions remain, however, about the microbial processes responsible for this N2O production, especially hybrid N2O production when ammonia-oxidizing archaea are present. Using 15N-labeled tracer incubations, we measured the rates of N2O production from ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2-), and nitrate (NO3-) in the eastern tropical North Pacific ODZ and the isotopic labeling of the central (α) and terminal (β) nitrogen (N) atoms of the N2O molecule. We observed production of both doubly and singly labeled N2O from each tracer, with the highest rates of labeled N2O production at the same depths as the near-surface N2O concentration maximum. At most stations and depths, the production of 45N2Oα and 45N2Oβ were statistically indistinguishable, but at a few depths there were significant differences in the labeling of the two nitrogen atoms in the N2O molecule. Implementing the rates of labeled N2O production in a time-dependent numerical model, we found that N2O production from NO3- dominated at most stations and depths, with rates as high as 1600 ± 200 pM N2O d−1. Hybrid N2O production, one of the mechanisms by which ammonia-oxidizing archaea produce N2O, had rates as high as 230 ± 80 pM N2O d−1 that peaked in both the near-surface and deep N2O concentration maxima. Based on the equal production of 45N2Oα and 45N2Oβ in the majority of our experiments, we infer that hybrid N2O production likely has a consistent site preference, despite drawing from two distinct substrate pools. We also found that the rates and yields of hybrid N2O production were enhanced at low dissolved oxygen concentrations ([O2]), with hybrid N2O yields as high as 20 % at depths where [O2] was below detection (880 nM) but nitrification was still active. Finally, we identified a few incubations with [O2] up to 20 µM where N2O production from NO3- was still active. A relatively high O2 tolerance for N2O production via denitrification has implications for the feedbacks between marine deoxygenation and greenhouse gas cycling.

ChatGPT vs Medical Professional: Analyzing Responses to Laboratory Medicine Questions on Social Media.

The integration of ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM) developed by OpenAI, into healthcare has sparked significant interest due to its potential to enhance patient care and medical education. With the increasing trend of patients accessing laboratory results online, there is a pressing need to evaluate the effectiveness of ChatGPT in providing accurate laboratory medicine information. Our study evaluates ChatGPT's effectiveness in addressing patient questions in this area, comparing its performance with that of medical professionals on social media. This study sourced patient questions and medical professional responses from Reddit and Quora, comparing them with responses generated by ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4.0. Experienced laboratory medicine professionals evaluated the responses for quality and preference. Evaluation results were further analyzed using R software. The study analyzed 49 questions, with evaluators reviewing responses from both medical professionals and ChatGPT. ChatGPT's responses were preferred by 75.9% of evaluators and generally received higher ratings for quality. They were noted for their comprehensive and accurate information, whereas responses from medical professionals were valued for their conciseness. The interrater agreement was fair, indicating some subjectivity but a consistent preference for ChatGPT's detailed responses. ChatGPT demonstrates potential as an effective tool for addressing queries in laboratory medicine, often surpassing medical professionals in response quality. These results support the need for further research to confirm ChatGPT's utility and explore its integration into healthcare settings.

Analysis of Customer Satisfaction Level Towards the Quality of Kahayya Coffee at Ondeway Cafe Bulukumba

The production and quality of coffee products has a central role in the coffee industry. The coffee production process involves a series of complex stages, from bean selection to the roasting process. Product quality is one of the main keys in assessing consumer perceptions of products and can be measured to what extent the product can satisfy customers. in Bulukumba Regency has produced a brand, one of which is Kahayya coffee. Measurements or research regarding the level of consumer satisfaction and quality of Kahayya coffee have never been carried out or have been carried out but only revolve around the production, packaging and marketing side. .The aim of this research is to determine consumer preferences and analyze the level of consumer satisfaction with the quality of Kahayya coffee produced by Cafe Ondeway Bulukumba. This research was carried out from December 2022 to January 2023 at Cafe Ondeway in Bulukumba Regency. The research method to determine the level of consumer satisfaction is carried out by means of a survey. The population in this study were all visitors who came to Cafe Ondeway. The sampling technique is purposive sampling, namely selecting consumers aged 17-50 years. The number of samples taken was 50 people. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using the CSI method. The results of research on consumer preferences based on age, occupation, income level, education level, and frequency of consumption, regarding coffee are influenced by various factors, including aroma, taste, characteristics, stability, and frequency of consumption experiences. The level of satisfaction of Cafe Ondeway consumers with the quality of Kahayya coffee based on the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) value criteria shows that it is in the "Very Satisfied" category, namely 0.81-1.00 and with the highest Gap Analysis (GAP) coffee has a strong taste. as much as 0.22. There are similarities in preferences for fragrant coffee aroma, aroma characteristics, and strength and consistency of coffee taste among consumer groups. and the level of satisfaction of Cafe Ondeway consumers regarding the quality of coffee is very satisfied.

Psychosocial Care Needs of Elderly: Development of Psychoeducational Program

This research explores the shared perspectives of elderly Cabuyeños regarding their psychosocial care needs and caregiving attitudes. Employing a qualitative approach with self-developed semi-structured interviews within the paradigm of constructionism, themes emerge, including familial care needs, recreational preferences, social interactions, religious care needs, governmental support, consistency preferences, caregiver characteristics, and treatment preferences. The study concludes by emphasizing the necessity for a targeted psychoeducational program tailored to the diverse needs identified. The thematic analysis underscores the significance of family support, diverse recreational activities, social interactions, spiritual engagement, government assistance, and preferences for caregiver characteristics and treatment. This proactive solution is vital for addressing physical health challenges and economic hardships, empowering both elderly individuals and caregivers. The proposed program holds promise in providing a holistic approach to psychosocial care, enhancing the quality of life for the elderly in Cabuyao during their later years.

Children's Interpretations of Numerically Quantified Expression Ambiguities: Evidence from Quantified Noun Phrases and Bare Cardinals.

Understanding how children comprehend text by forming links between sentences has been the focus of research for decades. Such research has consistently shown that children use anaphors and resolve ambiguities in a different manner than adults. The present study examined a less-studied anaphoric reference that arises when two numerically quantified expressions (e.g., "three cats… two cats…") are used in the text. Focusing on 249 six- to eight-year-old children and 50 adults for comparison, the study employed a picture selection task across six experiments to assess interpretative preferences in ambiguous and unambiguous discourses containing numerically quantified expressions. The findings indicate a pronounced difference in interpretative strategies: unlike adults, who predominantly adopted an anaphoric subset reading, children showed a consistent preference for the non-anaphoric reading, even in contexts explicitly disambiguated towards this interpretation. This preference persisted across various experimental manipulations, highlighting challenges in text integration and comprehension among children. Contributing to the developmental trajectory of language comprehension, this study underscores the complexity of cognitive development and linguistic interpretation, revealing significant developmental differences in processing numerically quantified expressions and anaphoric references within discourse.

Exploring Anesthesia Provider Preferences for Precision Feedback: Preference Elicitation Study.

Health care professionals must learn continuously as a core part of their work. As the rate of knowledge production in biomedicine increases, better support for health care professionals' continuous learning is needed. In health systems, feedback is pervasive and is widely considered to be essential for learning that drives improvement. Clinical quality dashboards are one widely deployed approach to delivering feedback, but engagement with these systems is commonly low, reflecting a limited understanding of how to improve the effectiveness of feedback about health care. When coaches and facilitators deliver feedback for improving performance, they aim to be responsive to the recipient's motivations, information needs, and preferences. However, such functionality is largely missing from dashboards and feedback reports. Precision feedback is the delivery of high-value, motivating performance information that is prioritized based on its motivational potential for a specific recipient, including their needs and preferences. Anesthesia care offers a clinical domain with high-quality performance data and an abundance of evidence-based quality metrics. The objective of this study is to explore anesthesia provider preferences for precision feedback. We developed a test set of precision feedback messages with balanced characteristics across 4 performance scenarios. We created an experimental design to expose participants to contrasting message versions. We recruited anesthesia providers and elicited their preferences through analysis of the content of preferred messages. Participants additionally rated their perceived benefit of preferred messages to clinical practice on a 5-point Likert scale. We elicited preferences and feedback message benefit ratings from 35 participants. Preferences were diverse across participants but largely consistent within participants. Participants' preferences were consistent for message temporality (α=.85) and display format (α=.80). Ratings of participants' perceived benefit to clinical practice of preferred messages were high (mean rating 4.27, SD 0.77). Health care professionals exhibited diverse yet internally consistent preferences for precision feedback across a set of performance scenarios, while also giving messages high ratings of perceived benefit. A "one-size-fits-most approach" to performance feedback delivery would not appear to satisfy these preferences. Precision feedback systems may hold potential to improve support for health care professionals' continuous learning by accommodating feedback preferences.