Consideration Of Cultural Diversity Research Articles

Proverb comprehension in schizophrenia: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis

BackgroundExamination of proverb comprehension has a long tradition in clinical diagnostics of individuals with schizophrenia (iSCZ). Deficits in the comprehension are considered common. Interpretations of proverbs are traditionally measured by their degree of abstraction and concreteness (‘literalness’), but iSCZ's responses may also be illogical or ‘bizarre’. Experimental research on proverb comprehension starts in the 1940s. Since then, the specificity of proverb tests has often been questioned, but has never been the subject of a meta-analysis. The aim of this meta-analysis is to include all experimental research, including historical studies, that meets quality criteria and compares the responses to proverbs in iSCZ with those in healthy controls (HC) or clinical controls (CC). MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo databases were searched. After coding 121 articles, 27 (median publication year 1982) were included and multi-level meta-analyses performed. Moderator analyses were performed on response format (multiple-choice vs. verbal responses), proverb test, scoring method, language, acute vs. chronic stage of iSCZ, time of publication, clinical vs. healthy control group, age, IQ/education, and gender. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, trim and fill method and Egger's test. ResultsThe search identified 27 eligible studies for inclusion. Studies were published between 1956 and 2020 and predominantly older than 30 years (median: 1982). The Gorham Proverbs Test was the most established test and predominantly conducted in English. CC mostly consisted of depressive disorders. Pooled estimates yielded statistically significant less abstract (g = −1.00; 95%CI, −1.34 to −1.67), more concrete (g = 0.69; 95%CI, 0.35–1.03), and more bizarre (g = 1.08; 95%CI, 0.74–1.41) responses in iSCZ compared to controls. The type of control group moderated all three effects, with greater differences of iSCZ compared to HC than to CC in abstraction and bizarreness, and no significant group difference between iSCZ and CC in concreteness. Meta-regressions indicated IQ/education and age as possible sources of variability in abstraction and bizarreness. ConclusionsWhile lower abstraction and higher bizarreness seems a characteristic of iSCZ, the diagnostic specificity of a concrete response was astonishingly low. The lack of a unified definition for concretism and limited consideration of cultural diversity contributed to these complex findings. Future research should focus on exploring the qualitative aspects of proverb comprehension and the association between symptomatology types and misinterpretations to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Challenges and Strategies in Developing Sociolinguistic Competence for Indonesian Elementary School Students

This research paper examines the challenges and strategies involved in developing sociolinguistic competence in elementary school pupils in Indonesia. Sociolinguistic competence is the capacity to use language appropriately in various social and cultural settings. Sociolinguistic education is an essential component of language education; however, implementing it in Indonesian elementary schools presents a few challenges, including the selection of suitable materials and activities, consideration of cultural diversity, and the development of effective teaching strategies. This paper proposes strategies for promoting sociolinguistic competence in Indonesian elementary school pupils through a literature review and analysis of extant sociolinguistics education programs. Utilizing authentic materials and activities pertinent to Indonesian culture and language, facilitating activities to develop critical thinking skills, and promoting inclusive and culturally responsive learning environments are some of the strategies employed. The paper concludes that sociolinguistics education can enhance students' language and social abilities, promote intercultural understanding and appreciation, and offers suggestions for future research in this area.

Consideration of Cultural Diversity and Ethical Principles in Advance Care Planning

Caring for the Ages is the official newspaper of AMDA and provides long-term care professionals with timely and relevant news and commentary about clinical developments and about the impact of health care policy on long-term care medicine.

How Can Consideration of Cultural Diversity Be Made Practicable in a Copyright System?

The fourteenth session of the Intergovernmental Committee of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention) was held from 1 to 5 February this year. This session demonstrated a deep concern for the status of artists and cultural professionals as the lockdown measures taken against the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly impacted the creative industries. In this context, copyright protection was shaped as a positive mechanism for promoting cultural diversity, with reference being made to the ‘Preliminary analytical report on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cultural and creative industries, and the findings of the ResiliArt movement’ submitted in this session. A section entitled ‘protect intellectual property’ is included in the main list of ResiliArt recommendations, and this states that ‘panelists in all regions demanded the review of existing intellectual property legislations to ensure that authors’ rights were sufficiently protected on and...

Perceptions of pregnant women regarding student accoucheurs’ involvement in maternal health care in the Free State Province

Worldwide midwifery has been regarded as a female domain until recently where female and male student nurses are trained to become midwives/accoucheurs. Most women are still reluctant to receive maternal healthcare from student accoucheurs. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the perceptions of women regarding student accoucheurs’ involvement in maternal health care in the Free State Province. A descriptive, exploratory, qualitative research design was undertaken. The study was conducted in the Free State Province. Three regional hospitals, two district hospitals and five Primary Health Care clinics were purposefully selected to make a total of 10 maternal health care institutions that were used as data collection sites. Data was collected using one on one semi-structured interviews with 30 women in the post-partum period, 18 years of age and above, attending for post-natal health care services at the Free State maternal health care institutions. Data was organised and stored using ATLAS.ti program and analysed using Tesch’s open coding approach. The majority of the participants did not approve of student accoucheurs’ involvement in maternal health care. The perceptions of the participants were influenced by cultural beliefs, values, socio-economic factors and social interactions. The study findings cannot be generalized to the other provinces because the study was contextualized to the Free State Province. This study highlights the importance of understanding and consideration of cultural diversity in the provision of health care services.

Methodological and statistical advances in the consideration of cultural diversity in assessment: A critical review of group classification and measurement invariance testing.

One of the most important considerations in psychological and educational assessment is the extent to which a test is free of bias and fair for groups with diverse backgrounds. Establishing measurement invariance (MI) of a test or items is a prerequisite for meaningful comparisons across groups as it ensures that test items do not function differently across groups. Demonstration of MI is particularly important in assessment settings where test scores are used in decision making. In this review, we begin with an overview of test bias and fairness, followed by a discussion of issues involving group classification, focusing on categorizations of race/ethnicity and sex/gender. We then describe procedures used to establish MI, detailing steps in the implementation of multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, and discussing recent developments in alternative procedures for establishing MI, such as the alignment method and moderated nonlinear factor analysis, which accommodate reconceptualization of group categorizations. Lastly, we discuss a variety of important statistical and conceptual issues to be considered in conducting multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and related methods and conclude with some recommendations for applications of these procedures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

A Systematic Review Protocol Investigating Community Gardening Impact Measures.

Existing community gardening research has tended to be exploratory and descriptive, utilising qualitative or mixed methodologies to explore and understand community garden participation. While research on community gardening attracts growing interest, the empirical rigour of measurement scales and embedded indicators has received comparatively less attention. Despite the extensive body of community gardening literature, a coherent narrative on valid, high quality approaches to the measurement of outcomes and impact across different cultural contexts is lacking and yet to be comprehensively examined. This is essential as cities are becoming hubs for cultural diversity. Systematic literature reviews that explore the multiple benefits of community gardening and other urban agriculture activities have been undertaken, however, a systematic review of the impact measures of community gardening is yet to be completed. This search protocol aims to address the following questions: (1) How are the health, wellbeing, social and environmental outcomes and impacts of community gardening measured? (2) What cultural diversity considerations have existing community garden measures taken into account? Demographic data will be collected along with clear domains/constructs of experiences, impacts and outcomes captured from previous literature to explore if evidence considers culturally heterogeneous and diverse populations. This will offer an understanding as to whether community gardening research is appropriately measuring this cross-cultural activity.

Supplemental Material for Methodological and Statistical Advances in the Consideration of Cultural Diversity in Assessment: A Critical Review of Group Classification and Measurement Invariance Testing

Supplemental Material for Methodological and Statistical Advances in the Consideration of Cultural Diversity in Assessment: A Critical Review of Group Classification and Measurement Invariance Testing

Construyendo la Identidad Europea: una Mirada a las Actitudes Juveniles y al Papel de la Educación

This study aims to advance in the understanding of the process of forming a European identity in stages prior to adulthood. A sample of 268 young Spaniards between 16 and 25 years old participated, answering questions about the future of Europe and their own future. The results showed that this population shows a high sensitivity to democratic values, consideration of cultural diversity, and respect for human rights. Education emerges as a way of responding to the challenges that these values represent. Age only affects some elements, but it is possible to identify two differentiated profiles: young people with a moderate identification with Europe and young people who feel more strongly linked to the common European project. These results a profile of youth who are quite identified with the idea of a united Europe and who think of education as a way of socialization and approximation to a common culture and social project.

A cross-cultural study on perceived quality in upscale hotels in Italy and Croatia

PurposeMost of the cross-cultural empirical research in hospitality has focused on Western and Eastern differences and has neglected cultural diversity in Europe. As cultural differences in Europe do exist and have important implications for managers operating in hotel industry, the purpose of this paper is to examine perceived quality in upscale (four- and five-star) hotels in two Mediterranean countries: Italy and Croatia.Design/methodology/approachData were collected among 335 guests in upscale hotels in Italy and 475 hotel guests in Croatia. This work adopts a cross-cultural approach in two different ways. First, perceived quality is assessed in hotels in two different countries. Second, national culture of guests is considered in their evaluations of perceived quality in each country.FindingsSurprisingly, hotels in Croatia, an emerging tourist destination, performed better than hotels in Italy, a top worldwide destination. The results show significant differences in perceived quality evaluations according to national cultures of hotel guests in each country. However, while in Croatia domestic guests perceived higher levels of quality than other guests, in Italy, perceived quality was rated lower by Italians than by their American counterparts.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study contribute to better understanding of perceived quality in cross-cultural research in hospitality.Practical implicationsImplications are discussed for both Italian and Croatian hotel managers, two direct competitors in the Mediterranean area.Originality/valueThis paper covers several research gaps: lack of cross-cultural research in hospitality marketing, poor examination of perceived quality in hotels from the cross-cultural perspective, and poor consideration of cultural diversity within European countries.

CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE CAMEROON HIGHER EDUCATION POLICY DEFINITION: A HISTORICAL APPRAISAL

A República de Camarões além de ter sua própria identidade multiétnica, herdou duas identidades do período colonial, a inglesa e a francesa, que se estabeleceram por meio da ensino formal durante a administração britânica e francesa. Após a independência, o país adotou na educação básica12 uma política educacional bilíngüe com dois subsistemas, inglês e francês, respectivamente. No nível superior, a primeira universidade pública era bilíngue, baseada na natureza bi-cultura do país. Este artigo investiga como se dá a implementação das políticas públicas de diversidade cultural desenhadas para o ensino superior. O trabalho examina as bases, práticas e armadilhas na consideração da diversidade cultural no desenho das políticas de ensino superior em Camarões. Argumenta-se, baseado na prática em universidades estatais, que os esforços de introduzir e implementar políticas biculturais inclusivas no ensino superior foram um desastre devido a variedade de demandas exigidas pela diversidade. Utilizando uma abordagem integrada para atrelar questões inter-relacionadas, o artigo concluiu que apesar da vontade de parte do governo em garantir um sistema bilíngüe inclusivo no ensino superior, o que aconteceu foi um exclusivismo, que variou de política para a prática e os resultados.

The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Metacognitions about Health Questionnaire in college students.

In order to explain the potential mechanism that might motivate and maintain health anxiety (HA), researchers have developed several measures to assess the level of HA and to identify related cognitions and personality features. However, such instruments typically measure general metacognitions [e.g., the Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30)], thereby compromising the degree of sensitivity and specificity of measurement as applied to HA-related metacognitions. To address that issue, the Metacognitions about Health Questionnaire (MCQ-HA) was designed especially for measuring metacognitive beliefs specific to HA. Because a Chinese version of MCQ-HA may be helpful in improving our understanding of HA in a Chinese population, in the current study we sought to develop a Chinese version of the MCQ-HA (CMCQ-HA). We translated the MCQ-HA into Chinese with consideration of cultural diversity. For evaluation of its validity and stability, a sample of 1290 Chinese college students answered the CMCQ-HA, the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, the MCQ-30, and the Neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. 292 students of them answered the CMCQ-HA twice. Good internal consistency (α = 0.81) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.70) of the CMCQ-HA was presented. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a three-factor structure: beliefs about biased thinking, beliefs that thoughts can cause illness, and beliefs that thoughts are uncontrollable. Convergent validity, divergent validity, and incremental validity all were acceptable. Measurement invariance across gender was established. The CMCQ-HA shows promise for the measurement of specific HA-related metacognitions in Chinese populations.

Social inequality and marginalization in post-disaster recovery: Challenging the consensus?

Disasters and subsequent recovery efforts often reinforce social inequality and marginalization, hampering sustainable development paths. This paper presents an analysis of inequality and marginalization effects of post-disaster reconstruction from a risk governance perspective. Using a mixed-methods approach, we examine the Fischerdorf and Natternberg districts of the German city of Deggendorf, severely affected by the 2013 floods in Europe. The findings show that social inequality and marginalization affected housing reconstruction (and vice versa) in unexpected ways. Uninsured groups (such as the elderly and migrant homeowners) received prompt, ad-hoc support from state and civil society actors, while insured homeowners (mostly higher-income groups) experienced ongoing disputes between state and market actors that hampered their recovery. Some marginalized groups could not access state support, as various aspects of cultural diversity were not adequately considered. This fostered, and created new, patterns of inequality and risk. The ad-hoc engagement of civil society was crucial, but insufficient, to fully buffer the effects of inequality and marginalization resulting from formal recovery processes. We conclude that it is critical to give more attention to the interplay, and power constellations, between state, market and civil society actors to facilitate sustainable recovery and development – by counteracting potential inequality and marginalization effects. Increased consideration of cultural diversity and the support of citizens who play dual roles (and can mediate between different actors) was identified to be vital in this context. We thus call for increased research into the issue of complementary city–citizen rights and responsibilities in risk reduction and adaptation planning.

Emerging Cultural Conflicts in Italy: A Challenge for Criminal Law

Because of recent and rapid increases in immigration rates, Italy has been confronted with new forms of cultural conflicts. Cultural conflicts have resulted in cultural offenses; these are acts committed and promoted by people belonging to a minority culture that are considered to be offenses by the majority controlled legal system. In addition to defining cultural offenses and presenting defenses that are presented when cultural offenses are tried, this paper highlights pros, cons and potential pitfalls of considering culture under Italian law. Finally, suggestions to improve legal considerations of cultural diversity in Italy are presented; specifically the creation of laws to exculpate offenders of minor cultural offenses, the prioritization of justifications over excuses as a legal defense, and mitigated punishments in cases of major cultural offenses.

The perspectives on palliative nursing education

The numbers of people who suffer from age-related and chronic diseases have been increased worldwide. This has lead to an increased emphasis in the medical community on end of life care. This paper references the processes followed overseas in developing palliative care education programs as well as the domestic experiences promoting the hospitalization, home care, and "share care" models of palliative care. Particular emphasis is given to considerations of cultural diversity in palliative care. The aim of this paper is to elaborate on the prevalent clinical end-of-life care issues that are faced in Taiwan, to cultivate core capabilities in end-of-life care, to elicit the current status and development of formal nursing education, and to promote continuing education in palliative care. Kern formulated a six-step approach to curriculum development in education and the details has been discussed . Finally, this paper reflects on the current bottlenecks, challenges, and expectations related to palliative care curriculum development in order to help medical professionals further put humanistic and social care into practice, increase ethical reflection in end of life care and nursing competency, and encourage the creation of localized textbooks / multimedia e-teaching materials. The fostering of "patient-centered, family unit and the social-cultural contexture" for palliative care professionals and the ability to respond to the needs of terminal patients and patients with chronic diseases are critical to increasing the quality of Taiwan healthcare.

Il regime di separazione tra Stato e Chiesa in Belgio: una specifica forma di laicità?

The regime of relations between State and religions which prevails in Belgium can be seen as very laique, even if the term laicite doesn’t appear in the Constitution as such, the word still not existing in 1831. After the compromise of 1830-1831 between Catholics and liberals, which led to the adoption of a Constitution resting on the principle of a very marked separation between State and religion, the Belgian institutional history was for more than a Century dominated by a politico-religious cleavage, which profoundly divided the Belgian society. This cleavage revised, while maintaining firmly the constitutional principles, the spirit of the Constituent and led to a system which its based on two paradoxical pillars: a compromise on education that resulted in 1958-59 in the formalization of a system widely favorable to the Catholic demands; a Belgian society which gradually broke loose from the practice and from the doctrine of the Church since the 1960s, to end during these last twenty years in a strong secularized community, where the weight of the catholic morality very strongly became blurred. At this stage, the consideration of cultural diversity did not lead to a step backward. So that Belgium, while financing certain cults and the laic humanist movement, and even by considering the denominational private school as a functional public service, is an eminently progressive country today, turning the back in the influence of the religious constraint in the public place.

Cultural implications of a corporation in decline

While management research on organizational decline has been notably limited during the past three decades, consideration of an independent variable - cultural diversity- has been even further removed from discussion. Existing frameworks on recognizing and mitigating decline are not complete without further consideration of cultural diversity. How does it affect a firm's propensity for decline? What role does it play in mitigating or obviating decline? How does cultural diversity impact the decision-making capability of the firm during a time of crisis? This paper examines cultural diversity as an independent variable for organizational decline ; and present a propensity of decline model, for consideration of cultural diversity as a potential enabler for the observation, understanding, analysis, decision-making, and execution of a strategy to mitigate or obviate corporate decline. Keywords: organizational decline, organizational culture, cultural diversity

CONCERNING DIVERSITY AND PRACTICALITY

Abstract.I raise issues about the scope and content of the religion‐and‐science field of study and suggest that cultural diversity has not been considered relevant or important. Adding it to the present foci of discussion yields different ideas and constructs about the nature and experience of religion than currently found in most of the religion‐and‐science literature. Consideration of cultural diversity not only broadens the ideas and constructs but also leads to practical (applied) considerations that have not been prominent in this field.

Cultural Diversity Considerations in Oncology Nursing: An Updated Bibliography

Cultural Diversity Considerations in Oncology Nursing: An Updated Bibliography

A case for consideration of cultural diversity in heart failure management ‐ Part 1: Rationale for the DISCOVER Study

ABSTRACTHeart failure is a condition increasing in prevalence and responsible for high health care utilization, morbidity and mortality. Randomised controlled trials of nurse-coordinated interventions have determined self-care and the incorporation of the patient and their family in care planning as critical elements of service delivery. Coping with a chronic illness, such as heart failure, forces the individual to adjust to changed physical, social and emotional functioning and to modify their lifestyle accordingly. Clinicians increasingly use models of care that focus care delivery on the community setting. In order to develop strategies to assist patients and their families with self-care it is important that clinicians understand the health-care seeking behaviours of all individuals targeted in the community. Australia is a culturally diverse nation, yet evaluations of models of care have been undertaken largely in individuals from predominately Anglo-Celtic origins. The end result of this approach is failure to understand the full range of diverse perspectives that individuals hold that can have an impact on self-care behaviours. Consideration of cultural diversity should extend beyond language to a broader appreciation of cultural values, health seeking beliefs and engagement of culturally unique communities. The ‘Understanding the cultural experiences of individuals with chronic heart failure (CHF) in South East Health (DISCOVER) Study’ seeks to uncover information on the health patterns, information needs and the adjustment process for overseas-born individuals with heart failure. Such information will assist clinicians to tailor health care service delivery and ensure the delivery of appropriate, quality care. This manuscript provides the background, rationale and methods for this study.