Consideration Of Cultural Differences Research Articles

Impacts of UAM on tourism: the roles of innovative characteristics, motivated consumer innovativeness, attitude, problem awareness, and cultural differences

ABSTRACT Urban air mobility (UAM) is ready to fly and is a disruptive technology in improving city tourism. This study explores the roles of innovation characteristics, motivated consumer innovativeness, and attitude in stimulating intention to use UAM, with consideration of cultural differences. For this, we adopted both symmetric and asymmetric approaches based on data gathered in the United States and China. This study examined the structural relationships between predictors and tested the moderating effect of problem awareness in the link between motivated consumer innovativeness and attitude in developing travelers’ approach behaviors relating to UAM. This study found multiple solutions based on a complex interplay among antecedents, and identified a necessary condition to drive intention to use UAM. Our findings from multiple analytic approaches help to advance the current knowledge of UAM adoption behavior in different cultures.

H - 60 Navigating Cultural and Medical Factors in Pediatric Neuropsychological Assessment: a Case Study.

The current case study focuses on a neurodevelopmental evaluation for a child with a complex medical history, suspected genetic disorder, and significant developmental delays within the context of cultural diversity, linguistic barriers, and interpretation services. Patient is a 4-year-old male of Oromo decent who is exposed to both Oromo and English. Medical background is significant for congenital glaucoma and global developmental delay. He is nonverbal and uses few gestures to communicate. He presented with spastic motor movements and dysmorphic facial features. There is no history of genetic testing nor consults with neurology. Developmentally appropriate measure of neurocognitive functioning was administered with the use of an Oromo interpreter. Results revealed impaired performance within the areas of cognition, language, and motor functioning. Cognitive abilities measured similar to a 26-month-old. The patient's social communication and emotional reciprocity varied; there was consideration of an autism spectrum disorder. Diagnostic challenges included medical complexity (i.e., vision differences with eye contact and visual referencing, motor functioning), unanswered diagnostic questions (i.e., underlying genetic or neurological condition), and cultural considerations. The evaluation yielded diagnoses of a global developmental delay and unspecified neurodevelopmental disorder. Recommendations included referrals to neurology, genetics, care coordination, and outpatient therapies. Given the complexity of phenotypical behavioral manifestations of genetic disorders and cultural differences in terms of appropriate social behaviors convolute behaviors observed during the evaluation. The case study brings to light the consideration of cultural differences when interpreting behaviors as well as the value of a multidisciplinary approach to neuropsychological evaluation for diagnostic clarification.

New Horizons in Bank Mergers: A Quantum Spherical Fuzzy Decision-Making Framework for Analyzing Islamic and Conventional Bank Mergers and Enhancing Resilience

This study explores the implications of merging two fundamentally different types of banks: Islamic and conventional banks. The research aims to provide insight into the unique opportunities and challenges presented by such a merger and to offer strategic guidance for future mergers. A balanced scorecard-based strategic analysis using a Quantum Spherical Fuzzy Decision-Making Approach was used to develop short- and long-term strategic plans for the merged bank. The balanced scorecard included 12 key performance indicators (KPIs) in 4 groups, and the methodology incorporated several questions to guide the analysis. The results of the study offer valuable insights into the potential opportunities and challenges of merging these two types of banks, as well as strategic recommendations for stakeholders at all levels. The study serves as a useful guideline for future mergers between similar or different types of banks. Overall, the findings suggest that a well-planned merger strategy is essential for avoiding challenges and maximizing the benefits of merging Islamic and conventional banks. By integrating the strengths of both types of banks, a merged entity could create a competitive advantage and potentially improve financial performance. However, this requires careful consideration of cultural differences, regulatory challenges, and other factors that could impact on the success of the merger.

Text Types and Translation

In recent years the concept of "translation product" has been widened to include consideration of cultural differences between source and target languages and the purpose of translated messages. Since text types have been recognised as determiners of the global purpose of a text, recent discussions of translation have also included equivalence of text type as one of the major forms of equivalence to be aimed at. There are, however, well-established activities carried out by professional translators, such as bilingual abstracting, summarizing and gist translation, which does not readily fit into the paradigm of equivalence. In a translation theory which attempts to represent all current professional practices, the concept of equivalence has to be modified to accommodate these types of translation processes and products.

The Research on Translation of Automobile Advertising Language

With the rapid development of economic times and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, cars have gradually become an indispensable means of transportation in our lives. Automobile advertising language is playing an increasingly important role in promoting automobile sales. Therefore, translators should take proper translation methods into full consideration of cultural differences when conducting research on the translation of automobile advertising language. This paper studies the translation principles and language features of advertising language from the current situation of the automobile industry and the relevant introduction of advertising language, and puts forward effective translation strategies for automobile advertising language, so as to help translators and manufacturers better understand the practical significance of advertising language translation.

Decoding the Psychiatric Space: Cross Country Comparison of Facilities for Mental Health Service Users.

Normalisation theory made perfect sense at the onset of de-institutionalisation. To map its influence on mental health facilities, research was conducted and began with ten facilities within England (UK) and France, followed by a further two in England and four in New Zealand. A checklist tailored to mental health facilities was used to measure the extent to which the facility looked domestic or institutional. Hence, the mental health checklist architecturally measured domesticity versus institutionalisation in psychiatric architecture. It consisted of 212 features, grouped into three main categories—context and site; building; and space and room—and was based on a pre-existing checklist designed for hostels for those with learning disabilities. The mental health checklist was developed and piloted in Europe and reflected European de-institutionalisation principles. Cross-country comparison revealed that patient acuity was potentially not a determinant of institutional buildings for mental health. Institutional facilities in France were detected, and some of the most domestic facilities were within England, with the most recent sample having a greater tendency towards the more institutional end. Those in New Zealand tended towards the most institutional. Across all 16 facilities, there were very few universal institutional and domestic features, raising the ambiguity of a clearly defined stereotype of facilities for mental health service users. Consequently, the current fluidity of design across and within countries provides a significant opportunity for designers and mental health providers to consider non-institutional design, particularly at the planning stage. The use of the mental health checklist facilitates this debate. Future research in other geographical areas and through further consideration of cultural differences provides further opportunities to extend research in this area, with the potential to enhance and improve the lived experience of users of mental health services.

Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Effects of Explanations on Drivers’ Trust, Preference, and Anxiety in Highly Automated Vehicles

This study explored, in consideration of cultural differences, how explanation timing and permission of the automated vehicle’s (AV’s) actions affected drivers’ trust in, preference for, and anxiety about the AV. We conducted a video-based online survey study with 118 participants in different cultural contexts. Each participant experienced four conditions in highly automated driving: (1) no explanations, (2) explanations given before, or (3) after the AV acted, and (4) the option for drivers to approve or disapprove the AV’s action after explanations. We found that context cultures influenced drivers’ trust in and preference for the AV only when explanations were provided. Participants with higher-context cultures had higher trust in and preference for the AV. Such influence was augmented especially when the AV asked for permission after explanations. Our results have important implications for the design of in-vehicle interfaces. We suggest that AV manufacturers should incorporate cultural differences into AV explanation interface design for global use.

The Participation of Children with Intellectual Disabilities: Including the Voices of Children and Their Caregivers in India and South Africa.

There is a shortage of research on the participation of children with intellectual disabilities from middle-income countries. Also, most child assessments measure either the child’s or the caregiver’s perceptions of participation. Participation, however, is an amalgamation of both perspectives, as caregivers play a significant role in both accessing and facilitating opportunities for children’s participation. This paper reports on both perceptions—those of children with intellectual disabilities and those of their caregiver, in India and South Africa. A quantitative group comparison was conducted using the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) that was translated into Bengali and four South African languages. One hundred child–caregiver dyads from India and 123 pairs from South Africa participated in the study. The results revealed interesting similarities and differences in participation patterns, both between countries and between children and their caregivers. Differences between countries were mostly related to the intensity of participation, with whom, and where participation occurred. Caregiver and child reports differed significantly regarding participation and the enjoyment of activities. This study emphasises the need for consideration of cultural differences when examining participation and suggests that a combined caregiver-and-child-reported approach may provide the broadest perspective on children’s participation.

Culture and the Consumer Journey

The consumer journey metaphor emphasizes the steps that individuals take in their path toward relationships with brands or satisfying shopping experiences. However, in many non-Western cultures, these steps are less likely to be shaped by individual preferences and priorities. Instead, they emerge from a collectivistic motivation to adapt to prevailing norms and others’ expectations, and are shaped by a holistic thinking style that emphasizes context and relationships. As a result, the meaning of each step in the consumer journey is likely to be normatively infused and contextually embedded. This paper will review research showing cross-cultural differences in responses to prices, ads, store displays, retailer reputations, coupons, and other characteristics important to the retail context. Our focus is on contrasting the consumer journey in individualistic contexts versus collectivistic ones, but we also address emerging findings on other key cultural differences, such as power distance belief. Taken together, these findings suggest that the patterns and drivers of consumers’ pre-purchase activities, purchase decisions, and post-purchase commitment may differ significantly across cultures. In describing these culturally distinct processes, we illustrate how a deep consideration of cultural differences can enhance our understanding of the consumer journey.

Cultural Adaptation of a Neurobiologically Informed Intervention in Local and International Contexts.

The relationship between early adversity and numerous negative outcomes across the lifespan is evident in a wide range of societies and cultures (e.g., Pakulak, Stevens, & Neville, 2018). Among the most affected neural systems are those supporting attention, self-regulation, and stress regulation. As such, these systems represent targets for neurobiologically informed interventions addressing early adversity. In prior work with monolingual native English-speaking families, we showed that a two-generation intervention targeting these systems in families improves outcomes across multiple domains including child brain function for selective attention (for detail, see Neville etal., 2013). Here, we discuss the translation and cultural adaptation (CA) of this intervention in local and international contexts, which required systematic consideration of cultural differences that could affect program acceptability. First, we conducted a translation and CA of our program to serve Latino families in the United States using the Cultural Adaptation Process (CAP), a model that works closely with stakeholders in a systematic, iterative process. Second, to implement the adapted program in Medellín, Colombia, we conducted a subsequent adaptation for Colombian culture using the same CAP. Our experience underscores the importance of consideration of cultural differences and a systematic approach to adaptation before assessing the efficacy of neurobiologically informed interventions in different cultural contexts.

Contributions of Loss Events to Loss Distress and Trauma Symptoms in Recently Resettled Refugee Women at Risk

ABSTRACTThis research examined contributions of loss events to loss distress and trauma symptoms (accounting for trauma events) for refugee women at risk. Participants (N = 104) responded to the Multidimensional Loss Scale (loss events and distress) and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (trauma events and symptoms). Loss events contributed uniquely to loss distress (explaining additional 50.8% variance), and made a unique contribution to trauma symptoms (explaining additional 5.2% variance) approximately equal to trauma events. Appropriate response to psychic distress in refugee women at risk requires assessment of both loss and trauma and consideration of cultural differences in ways loss is expressed and meaning ascribed to symptoms.

Recruitment of Yoruba families from Nigeria for genetic research: experience from a multisite keloid study.

BackgroundMore involvement of sub-Saharan African countries in biomedical studies, specifically in genetic research, is needed to advance individualized medicine that will benefit non-European populations. Missing infrastructure, cultural and religious beliefs as well as lack of understanding of research benefits can pose a challenge to recruitment. Here we describe recruitment efforts for a large genetic study requiring three-generation pedigrees within the Yoruba homelands of Nigeria. The aim of the study was to identify genes responsible for keloids, a wound healing disorder. We also discuss ethical and logistical considerations that we encountered in preparation for this research endeavor.MethodsProtocols for this bi-national intercultural study were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the US and the ethics committees of the Nigerian institutions for consideration of cultural differences. Principles of community based participatory research were employed throughout the recruitment process. Keloid patients (patient advisors), community leaders, kings/chiefs and medical directors were engaged to assist the research teams with recruitment strategies. Community meetings, church forums, and media outlets (study flyers, radio and TV announcements) were utilized to promote the study in Nigeria. Recruitment of research participants was conducted by trained staff from the local communities. Pedigree structures were re-analyzed on a regular basis as new family members were recruited and recruitment challenges were documented.ResultsTotal recruitment surpassed 4200 study participants over a 7-year period including 79 families with complete three-generation pedigrees. In 9 families more than 20 family members participated, however, in 5 of these families, we encountered issues with pedigree structure as members from different branches presented inconsistent family histories. These issues were due to the traditional open family structure amongst the Yoruba and by beliefs in voodoo or in juju. In addition, family members living in other parts of the country or abroad complicated timely and complete family recruitment.ConclusionsOrganizational, logistics and ethics challenges can be overcome by additional administrative efforts, good communication, community involvement and education of staff members. However, recruitment challenges due to infrastructural shortcomings or cultural and religious beliefs can lead to significant delays, which may negatively affect study time lines and expectations of funding agencies.

Informed consent in the psychosis prodrome: ethical, procedural and cultural considerations.

Research focused on the prodromal period prior to the onset of psychosis is essential for the further development of strategies for early detection, early intervention, and disease pre-emption. Such efforts necessarily require the enrollment of individuals who are at risk of psychosis but have not yet developed a psychotic illness into research and treatment protocols. This work is becoming increasingly internationalized, which warrants special consideration of cultural differences in conceptualization of mental illness and international differences in health care practices and rights regarding research participation. The process of identifying and requesting informed consent from individuals at elevated risk for psychosis requires thoughtful communication about illness risk and often involves the participation of family members. Empirical studies of risk reasoning and decisional capacity in young people and individuals with psychosis suggest that most individuals who are at-risk for psychosis can adequately provide informed consent; however ongoing improvements to tools and procedures are important to ensure that this work proceeds with maximal consideration of relevant ethical issues. This review provides a discussion of these issues in the context of international research efforts.

Consideration of Cultural Differences in the Performance Management Systems in Czech Enterprises

The systems approach in the field of enterprise performance has the irreplaceable role in a current turbulent environment. In response to the high degree of globalization, unified performance systems are still developing.The paper deals with one of the new trends influencing performance management system – cultural differences.The paper points to the need to take cultural differences into account in Czech enterprises, as current performance management systems appear to be inadequate in this regard.On the basis of a questionnaire survey, the aim of the paper is to identify and evaluate current attitudes to the issue of cultural differences in Czech enterprises including their importance within the performance management system and based on the findings, the model expressing a unified performance management system is designed. The model takes the cultural differences into account and is applicable for implementation in Czech enterprises.

Commentary on “Perceptions of Vulnerability and Variations in Childrearing Practices of Infants Born Preterm”

“How should I apply this information?” This international team of authors is applauded for addressing the effect of preterm birth on childrearing practices across cultural borders related to motor development. The phenomenon known as “vulnerable child syndrome” is associated with parental overprotection and childhood underachievement. This pilot study gave rise to a thoughtful discussion of this phenomenon in other world regions known for their support of physical activity. To apply this information, consideration of cultural differences in parental interaction is to be considered and clearly addressed in plans of care. For instance, the study suggests differences in the length of time parents from one culture carry their children. Plans of care are interpreted and carried out on the basis of cultural mores, which may include the nature of vulnerability. Plans of care may need to include extended family members involved in the child's care. Culturally sensitive caregiver education, both verbal and written, using meaningful terminology may be necessary. Perhaps plans of care could include referrals to others who can aid in translating across cultural paradigms including involvement with local support groups that are culturally sensitive. “What should I be mindful about in applying this information?” The authors remind us that their study contains significant limitations. Their pilot work must be viewed as preliminary and exploratory. However, despite the limitations, the study suggests that prematurity stereotyping is not exclusively a North American phenomenon. Of interest is the finding that parents whose infants were receiving therapy services perceived their infants as more vulnerable. This suggests a need for vigilance as therapists to employ strength-based assessments. These assessments are best if based on evidence and should result in measurable functional goals. Although this study focused on the preterm population, consideration of the role of culture and vulnerable child syndrome could also be relevant to cases where deficits and delays frequently overpower strengths or splinter skills. This finding gives us pause to think about the possibility of our unintentional role in parental overprotection. Future work from these authors building upon this pilot study will be very valuable to our profession, as we continue to embrace, enhance, decipher, and demonstrate cultural competency in pediatric physical therapy. Ana Carolina Mieres, MSPT, PhD University of South Florida Tampa, Florida Gillian Sadhi, DPT Clinical Faculty Practice University of South Florida Tampa, Florida

Child custody issues and co-occurrence of intimate partner violence and child maltreatment: controversies and points of agreement amongst practitioners

The situation of families undergoing separation in a context of co-occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment raises certain issues related to child custody. The results presented in this paper were collected and analysed within the framework of a qualitative study aiming to identify the principal points of agreement and the main controversies amongst practitioners in several different types of organizations. Focus groups were held with a total of 43 practitioners from six different settings concerned with child custody in cases of co-occurrence of IPV and child maltreatment. Although they agreed on the importance of ensuring the safety of victims of violence, their views diverged on three points: (1) the importance of preserving the father–child relationship; (2) collaboration between voluntary organizations and semi-voluntary or legal agencies; and (3) consideration of cultural differences.

Through the Looking Glass: Making Sense of APN Billing (P18)

designed to allow the participant to view a complaint of pain with a fresh eye. We will discuss the pathogenesis of pain, patient complaints, and physical findings associated with various painful syndromes and how these findings drive drugtherapy decision-making. Part of this assessment is consideration of cultural differences among patients, both physiologic and psychosocial. Participants will learn to critically select among therapeutic categories of analgesics, and select dose and monitor specific analgesics to optimize patient outcomes. Public policy implications regarding analgesic use will also be discussed, particularly the ramifications for end-of-life care.

Pharmacopalliation of Pain in Advanced Illness (P17)

1.Discuss a given complaint of pain, perform a subjective assessment, appropriate physical examination, and determine the most likely pathogenesis of the complaint.2.List nonopioids, opioids, and adjuvant medications used to treat pain. For each analgesic, describe the mechanism of action, adverse effects, dosing, and titration strategies.3.Discuss an actual or simulated patient with a complaint of pain, assess the complaint, select the most appropriate analgesic(s), recommend an appropriate dose, monitor for therapeutic outcomes, and adjust dosing as appropriate. Complaints of pain are pervasive when caring for patients with advanced illness. This seminar is designed to allow the participant to view a complaint of pain with a fresh eye. We will discuss the pathogenesis of pain, patient complaints, and physical findings associated with various painful syndromes and how these findings drive drug-therapy decision-making. Part of this assessment is consideration of cultural differences among patients, both physiologic and psychosocial. Participants will learn to critically select among therapeutic categories of analgesics, and select dose and monitor specific analgesics to optimize patient outcomes. Public policy implications regarding analgesic use will also be discussed, particularly the ramifications for end-of-life care. Physical Aspects of Care

Integrating Social Science Research into Studio Teaching: Housing New Immigrants

Armed with an understanding of cultural differences in housing needs, designers can develop residential prototypes that accommodate diverse values and ways of living. Culturally sensitive designs ease the adjustment process of new immigrant groups and contribute to the well-being of communities and the country as a whole. Responding to multiculturalism, design education must prepare graduates for cross-cultural practice by engaging them in the consideration of cultural differences. The paper presents the example of two upper level undergraduate studios, taught in Spring 2002 and Fall 2003 in the Department of Architecture at the University of Minnesota, that exposed students to the design process through the exploration of cultural differences in housing design. Undertaken by an instructor trained in both architecture and social science, these studios integrated social science research into the teaching of design. The projects explored culturally sensitive housing for Hmong and Somali refugees, two of the Minneapolis/Saint Paul area's largest new immigrant groups. Students used verbal narratives collected through focused interviews with members of the Hmong and Somali communities living in the Twin Cities metropolitan area to define both the programmatic and conceptual stages of their designs. The paper elaborates on the theoretical framework that guided students' inquiries; states the methodology and process used to accomplish the research within the constraints of a semester; and outlines the challenges and opportunities afforded through this teaching technique. By focusing on the research phase of these studios, the paper hopes to inspire further development of pedagogies that cater to the changing demographics and respond to cultural differences.

Behavioral Adaptation Within Cross-Cultural Virtual Teams

With today's business environments no longer confined to national borders, much work is undertaken in global virtual teams. Such teams consist of members located in different countries that communicate via technology media to complete a project task. Much of the research in this area has been focused on the technological aspects of such environments; there is, however, a lack of research into the behavioral aspects and the issue of cultural differences in particular. It has been acknowledged that when cultural diversity is neither recognized nor acted upon, significant challenges can arise for the team. Current advice in the literature suggests that team members should adapt their normal working behavior in consideration of cultural differences. However, there is little indication of how team members should do so. This study investigated if and/or how team members adapt their behavior in cross-cultural virtual teams. The results of this study indicate that team members can adapt their behavior in both spoken and written communication as well as allowing for religious beliefs and time zone differences. This paper discusses specifically how behavior can be adapted, including a discussion of behaviors that caused concern. Finally, a framework of behavioral adaptations is presented for ways to improve cross-cultural virtual team interactions.