Conservative Systems Research Articles

New cases of integrable ninth-order conservative and dissipative dynamical systems

New cases of integrable dynamical systems of the ninth order homogeneous in terms of variables are presented, in which a system on a tangent bundle to a four-dimensional manifold can be distinguished. In this case, the force field is divided into an internal (conservative) and an external one, which has a dissipation of a different sign. The external field is introduced using some unimodular transformation and generalizes the previously considered fields. Complete sets of both first integrals and invariant differential forms are given.

On the Problem of Nonlinear Oscillations of a Conservative System in the Absence of Resonance

On the Problem of Nonlinear Oscillations of a Conservative System in the Absence of Resonance

DETER-RT: The new INPE-TropiSCO deforestation monitoring system in the Amazon biome

Abstract. The Amazon biome, undergoing significant deforestation, requires robust monitoring systems for effective management and conservation. This study introduces DETER-RT, a novel deforestation detection system that combines the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-based DETER-R and the TropiSCO systems to enhance detection capabilities using Sentinel-1 satellite data. DETER-RT utilizes a double-threshold technique to optimize the detection of deforestation by balancing detection accuracy and minimizing false positives across different forest types and conditions in the Amazon. The new system modulates detection thresholds based on the proximity of new disturbances to previously detected deforestation, incorporating a dynamic, regionalized threshold adjustment to cater to the variable characteristics of the Amazon’s diverse forest cover. Initial results indicate that DETER-RT provides more timely and accurate warnings compared to existing methods, especially during the fire season, where its performance is less impacted by smoke and haze that typically hinder optical sensors. This approach exemplifies the integration of advanced remote sensing technologies and analytical techniques in environmental monitoring.

Design and synchronization control application of a new five-dimensional memristor CNN conservative hyperchaotic system

Abstract Incorporating memristors into a cellular neural network (CNN) and introducing chaotic characteristics can generate in highly complex and unpredictable dynamic behaviors. To advance this research area, this paper proposes a new five-dimensional memristor CNN conservative hyperchaotic system and systematically analyzes its dynamic properties. The analysis content includes equilibrium point analysis, Poincaré sections, Lyapunov exponent spectra, bifurcation diagrams, two-parameter Lyapunov exponent spectra, complexity assessment, homogeneous and heterogeneous extreme multistability, etc. In addition, the simulation circuit for the new system is designed and constructed. The digital circuit of the new system is implemented using a microcontroller (MCU). After running simulations, the experimental results from the analog circuit, digital circuit, and numerical simulation are consistent with each other, demonstrating the feasibility of the circuit implementation. Finally, two different synchronization control strategies are employed to achieve synchronization control within a finite time.

Digital twin water conservancy early warning system based on physical level and numerical simulation in intelligent water conservancy construction

Abstract. In 2023, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and The State Council issued the Overall Layout Plan for the Construction of Digital China, emphasizing the construction of a smart water conservancy system with digital twin basins as the core. The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region government has clearly proposed to actively build a "digital twin Pinglu Canal", and attaches great importance to the construction of digital twin platform application services during the construction of the Western land-Sea New Passage (Pinglu) canal. Aiming at the problems such as unsatisfactory early warning effect, inaccurate data and imprecise model of existing smart water conservancy technology, this paper proposes a digital twin system for disaster early warning based on physical level and numerical simulation technology, establishes a visual digital water conservancy model and digital twin smart water conservancy cloud platform, and combines multi-physics field and multi-dimensional coupling algorithm to respond to technical pain points. To achieve scientific and accurate monitoring and intelligent management, and contribute to the construction of digitally empowered Pinglu Canal.

Climatic Parameters Use for Evaluating Water Budget and Drought Analysis in Erbil Sub-basin, Kurdistan Region, Northern-Iraq

Major theoretical and practical hydrological issues may be solved using methods to maintain water balance. Evaluating the climate characteristics and environmental circumstances to be employed in the methods of water managing approach used in the Erbil sub-basin, northern Iraq, is the primary goal of this study. The studied area is a part of the region influenced by the Mediterranean climatological system. The climatic parameters of the research region were evaluated using the climatic data collected in the Erbil meteorological station for the period 1980-2022. The research result shows that the mean annual rainfall is 411.26 mm/year and the average monthly relative humidity is 41.12 %, the mean temperature is 20.62 °C, mean sunshine duration 8.35 hr./day and annual pan evaporation is 1200.96 mm / year. Potential evapotranspiration considered by Thornthwaite method is 1588.94 mm. The water surplus and deficit are 216.14 mm and 1393.81 mm, respectively. The surface runoff calculating from soil conservation system (SCS) technique which is about 86 mm / year and groundwater recharge is about 130.14 mm / year. The groundwater Budgets is about 187661880 m3 / year. The climatic situation in the area is variety from winter its wet to the summer its dry climates. Also, it could be measured that the climate in the area is determined was (Humid to very humid). The draught index according to SPI analysis show that the drought was observed during Moderately drought in (1983, 1999, 2000, 2010, 2015, and 2021) to severely drought in (2022.

Vibration Suppression and Energy Harvesting of Nonlinear Energy Sink-Based Piezoelectric System with Combined Damping and Bistability Properties for Nonlinear Oscillator

Nonlinear energy sink (NES) as a new type of dynamic absorber has received widespread attention due to its broadband vibration suppression capability, but it has a certain requirement of energy triggering threshold. In this work, a bistable NES-based piezoelectric system with combined damping (BCPNES) and low threshold requirement is proposed. Electromechanical-coupled equations for the nonlinear oscillator coupled with BCPNES (NO-BCPNES) are established. The vibration suppression and vibration energy harvesting performance for the coupled system are investigated numerically and analytically. The frequency–energy plots of the conservative system are investigated using the complex-variable averaging method and the electromechanical decoupling method. The influence of circuit parameters on the target energy transfer threshold and harvested energy is discussed through the equivalent stiffness and damping of the circuit. The vibration suppression performance and the target energy transfer characteristics are analyzed in terms of the time–history response, the time–frequency response and the slowly varying dynamic flow, respectively. The results show that the electromechanical coupling coefficient affects the skeleton curve of frequency–energy plots in the form of equivalent stiffness. The NO-BCPNES system exhibits higher energy dissipation performance and better targeted energy transfer form under various excitations. From the phase perspective, NES-based piezoelectric system achieves vibration suppression of the main structure through the phase locking phenomenon. The mechanism of the influence of piezoelectric device parameters on the energy harvesting performance of the systems is clarified.

The Preparedness Paradox in Climate Attitudes: Democrats Worry, Republicans Prepare

ABSTRACT Political partisanship is one of the strongest correlates of climate change attitudes in the United States, with Democrats expressing greater concern than Republicans. As the climate crisis progresses, surveys increasingly examine preparedness for environmental emergencies, instead of climate attitudes alone. Does partisan identification associate with environmental preparedness actions as it does other climate attitude measures? We find a paradox: Republicans are more likely to say they have taken preparedness actions than Democrats. We replicate this finding in three survey samples (n = 1,053; n = 1,201; n = 2,318) and provide two sociological explanations. Theoretically, a culture of emergency preparedness integrated with conservative belief systems could strengthen the partisanship association, especially if preparedness is not closely tied to other climate attitudes. Empirically, household income is associated with specific types of preparedness actions, possibly introducing bias based on social class. We discuss the importance of measuring climate preparedness for the future of climate opinion research and climate policy and call for preparedness measures that are applicable to the general population.

Wetland Landscape Dynamics and Multi-Functional Assessment of Wuhan City, China

Under the dual pressures of rapid urbanization and intensifying global climate change, China has proposed governance policies aimed at promoting ecological urban construction. Wetland landscapes play a key role in sustaining human and social well-being. As a significant city in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Wuhan’s wetland resources play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the regional ecological balance and promoting sustainable economic and social development. However, urbanization poses a severe challenge to the ecological service functions of wetlands. Consequently, in this study, we analyzed the spatial–temporal evolution patterns of the sub-functional systems of carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, water yield, and water purification in five wetland types in Wuhan City from 2000 to 2020 by using the CASA model and InVEST model. Then, a wetland multi-functional assessment framework was constructed to quantify the comprehensive multi-function score. It is imperative to unravel the underlying mechanisms driving the changes in wetland functions and to explore the equilibrium point between wetland conservation and urban sustainable development. Our results show that the wetland area of Wuhan City decreased from 5077.33 km2 in 2000 to 4696.60 km2 in 2020, and the wetland multi-functions exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity from 2000 to 2020. Wetland carbon sequestration increased from 0.94 Tg in 2000 to 1.11 Tg in 2020. The wetland habitat quality declined from 0.13 in 2000 to 0.11 in 2020. The water production of the wetlands increased from 5.43 × 109 t in 2000 to 22.59 × 109 t in 2020. The wetland N loss decreased from 55,850.58 t in 2000 to 49,209.93 t in 2020. The highest multi-function score was in paddy fields, which increased from 0.41 ± 0.12 to 0.51 ± 0.12, followed by tidal flats, which increased from 0.39 ± 0.14 to 0.50 ± 0.16, and the lowest was rivers, which also increased from 0.33 ± 0.12 to 0.41 ± 0.14. The multi-function score was closely related to the wetland type and urban development direction over the past two decades, and it was negatively correlated with production and living density, providing new ideas for wetland ecological protection and construction in Wuhan City.

A new two-parameter controllable multi-scroll 4D Hamiltonian conservative hyperchaotic system with improved nested COS-PWL function

A new two-parameter controllable multi-scroll Hamiltonian conservative hyperchaotic system is proposed in this paper. By utilizing an improved nested cosine-piecewise linear (COS-PWL) saturation function in combination with a 4D Hamiltonian conservative system, a 4D Hamiltonian conservative hyperchaotic system that can regulate multi-scroll according to two parameters is proposed. Compared with the nested Sine-PWL function, the system can produce hyperchaos. And the control parameter is more than just the saturation value E, the gain p is more sensitive to the wider control range of the system’s multi-scroll. The effect of the variation of the saturation value E and gain p of the control parameters on the phase trajectories of the multi-scroll is consistent with the behavior of the Lyapunov exponents (LEs) and bifurcations. Finally, we successfully constructed the system via the DSP hardware platform, demonstrating its practicality.

General Definitions of Information, Intelligence, and Consciousness from the Perspective of Generalized Natural Computing

Atoms themselves have no thoughts and cannot be thinking. Why does the human body, which is composed of atoms, have consciousness? The widely used concepts of information and intelligence in today’s science, which are related to this, do not yet have appropriate general definitions. Answering these interesting questions is a crucial issue for technological development in the historical context of human society entering the era of intelligence. The key lies in how to fully utilize the existing fundamental theories subtly related to information science. Here we attempt to give the definition of general information and general intelligence from the perspective of generalized natural computing, based on the least action principle, Hamilton-Jacobi equation, dynamic programming, reinforcement learning, and point out the relationship between the two. The least action principle for describing conservative systems can be seen as an intelligent manifestation of natural matter, and its equivalent form, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, can be extended to describe quantum phenomena and is a special case of continuous dynamic programming equations. Dynamic programming is an efficient optimization method under deterministic models, while reinforcement learning, as a manifestation of biological intelligence, is its model-free version. The statement that reinforcement learning is the most promising machine learning method has a profound physical foundation. General information is defined as the degree to which a certain environmental element determines the behavior of the subject. General intelligence is defined as the automatic optimization ability of the action or value function of a system with a certain degree of conservatism. Intelligence is a basic property of material systems, rather than an emergent property that only complex systems possess. Consciousness is an advanced intelligent phenomenon, a reconstruction of quasi conservative systems based on complex systems.

A high-quality visual image encryption algorithm utilizing the conservative chaotic system and adaptive embedding

Regarding the issue of encrypted images in the channel attracting the attention of attackers and making them vulnerable to attacks. This paper proposes a high-quality visual image encryption algorithm utilizing the conservative chaotic system, two-dimensional compressive sensing, optimization local of binary patterns, and adaptive embedding method. Firstly, a conservative chaotic system with excellent performance and resistance to reconstruction attacks is proposed. Secondly, the pseudo-random sequences generated by the chaotic system dynamically generate measurement matrices, which are optimized before compressing the image. Then, during the encryption process, by utilizing the newly proposed composite DNA computing rules, chaotic sequences dynamically encode and compute image information, which enriches the coding criteria and improves the security of encryption algorithms. Finally, in the information embedding stage, the newly proposed OLBP algorithm can identify important textured and non-textured regions of the host image, prioritize embedding non-textured regions, and then embed textured regions, which can improve the amount of information embedding and reduce damage to the host image. Experimental simulation and analysis exhibit that the encryption algorithm has high security, strong robustness and high efficiency. Meanwhile the imperceptible analysis of the steganographic images is exceed 52 dB, so the algorithm presents a high-quality visual effect of imperceptibility.

Character-based Identification System (CBIS) for Authentication and Conservation of Fishes from the Thamirabarani River, Western Ghats of India

Character-based Identification System (CBIS) for Authentication and Conservation of Fishes from the Thamirabarani River, Western Ghats of India

Composition, divergence and variability: A comprehensive analysis of fish trait responses to connectivity

Connectivity, a fundamental concept in ecology, refers to the extent to which different habitats or ecosystems are interconnected through the movement of organisms, nutrients, and energy. Lateral hydrological connectivity (LHC) plays an especially critical role in shaping aquatic community organization in river-floodplain systems. However, a comprehensive understanding of various trait responses to LHC remains elusive. We characterized how attributes of fish community traits, specifically composition, divergence, and temporal variability respond to LHC in the Austrian-Hungarian floodplains of the Danube River using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. Trait composition was quantified by community-level weighted means (CWM) as the degree of changes in trait responses along the LHC gradient from isolated oxbows to the main river. Divergence was measured using Rao’s quadratic functional diversity index and a null model approach to calculate standardized effect sizes (SES), with larger SES values indicating greater divergence and smaller values indicating convergence. Temporal variability, representing the degree of instability in community traits over time, was calculated using a functional beta diversity measure for multiple communities. Our findings revealed apparent compositional changes for many trait variables, highlighting the significance of LHC in shaping community functional diversity. Divergence patterns indicated that isolated habitats foster trait convergence presumably due to habitat filtering, whereas more connected areas promote trait divergence due to higher species richness and habitat availability. Temporal variability of traits associated with flow preference exhibited a hump-shaped relationship with LHC, suggesting intermediate connectivity zones are hotspots of ecological dynamism. The study suggests that examining composition, divergence, and temporal variability together provides a more complete understanding of trait responses to connectivity, stressing the importance of maintaining diverse connectivity levels in river-floodplain systems for effective conservation and ecosystem management.

Research and application of the method of measuring the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water on farmland

Abstract Under the guidance of the new water management idea of “water conservation priority, spatial balance, system management, and two-handed effort,” the National Water Conservation Action Plan released in 2019 puts forward the key task requirements of “double control of total intensity,” in which the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in farmland is one of the indicators of water intensity control. The effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water is one of the water intensity control indicators. At present, there are practical difficulties in measuring the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in farmland, such as the low measurement rate of water consumption in the current irrigation area, the high input equipment and manpower requirements, and the difficulty in accurately measuring the net irrigation water absorbed by crops. Therefore, this paper proposed the method of “field monitoring - remote sensing inversion - a comprehensive analysis of data.” The method of “field monitoring - remote sensing inversion - econometric model construction - comprehensive analysis” was proposed in this paper, which can obtain gross irrigation water utilizing field monitoring, overcome the difficulty of accurate monitoring of net irrigation water using remote sensing, and carried out a comprehensive analysis, to realize the scientific, effective and rapid calculation of effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water. This method was applied to the Meixian District, Guangdong Province, and the research results show that it not only generates reliable measurement data but also alleviates workload. Furthermore, it offers scientific measurement techniques for water use efficiency indicators, facilitating the achievement of “dual control over total volume and intensity.” This paper provides an important technical basis for the rational allocation of water consumption and scientific approval of water use plans and supports the assessment of the effectiveness of water-saving irrigation development and the reasonable evaluation of the water-saving potential of farmland irrigation, thus providing a basis for local government departments at all levels to make planning, scientific decision-making, and macro-management.

Influence of biochar on the productivity of spring wheat

The drought of the spring climate over the past 2 years has a significant impact on the decline in crop yields in the North Kazakhstan region. If the land is not used properly for many years in agriculture, the structural, water and physical properties of the soil will deteriorate. Changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of land resources, and in some cases causes the deteriorationand destruction of the soil cover. As a result, resistance to dry climates and moisture retention are reduced, as well as loss of organic matter, as erosion washes away the topsoil and humus, resulted from improper management of agricultural soil conservation systems with widespread use of agricultural land in the region. One of the main reasons for the drainage of the soil cover is the long-term use of monocultures in the agricultural system and the violation of the crop rotation system, the lack of the introduction of organic and biofertilizers.

Assessing the effectiveness of integrated watershed management practices and suggesting innovative strategies in southern Ethiopia

Integrated watershed management plays a vital role in promoting sustainable water resource management and addressing environmental challenges. This study aims to analyze and assess the effectiveness of existing IWM practices and develop new strategies to improve watershed management. The data collection process encompassed comprehensive field observations, surveys, and consultations with the stakeholders. According to a hydrometer test, loam soil was the average dominant soil type in Elgo and Kola shell kebele. The assessment of existing soil water conservation initiatives adhered to the rigorous standards set by the Ministry of Agriculture. From 2016 to 2022, Elgo Kebele saw significant land use changes: agriculture expanded by 11.24 %, bare land by 2.05 %, water bodies by 1.79 %, and settlements by 0.54 %, while forests declined by 15.34 %. In Kola Shele, agriculture, water bodies, and settlements slightly increased by 0.5 %, 1.03 %, and 0.033 %, respectively, with decreases in bare land (1.82 %) and forest (0.05 %). Only 25 % of sampled plots met the criteria for effective soil water conservation systems, indicating challenges in current practices. For cultivated land with less than a 15 % slope and vertisol, recommended conservation practices include broad bed and furrow, conservation tillage, grass strips, grassland improvement, and mulching. For slopes greater than 50 %, hillside terracing, graded bunds, and trenches are advised. Additional measures, such as water harvesting, grass waterways, revegetation, and actions against illegal farming, were proposed. In summary, this study highlights the urgent need for improved IWM practices, and used to enhance watershed management, address environmental and socio-economic issues, and promote sustainable land use in the study.

Increasing Transgender Acceptance in Religious Families: A Pilot Study of Manualized Strategic Family Therapy

ABSTRACT This pilot study explores strategies to increase transgender acceptance within religious families by applying a brief, manualized treatment approach. The research uniquely integrates Haley’s Model for Effective Family Therapy with principles of cultural humility to address the specific challenges associated with transgender identity in a conservative Baptist context. Employing a clinical case study approach, this research combines qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the implementation of manualized therapeutic strategies. The study focuses on adapting Haley’s model to enhance family dynamics and promote acceptance while respecting the family’s cultural and religious context. Quantitative data show significant improvements across both the Closeness Scale and the Brief COPE Scale. Family cohesion, overall coping, problem-focused coping, and emotional regulation strategies substantial increased. Qualitative findings further validated these improvements, highlighting enhanced family dynamics and transgender acceptance. These effects were sustained for at least three months post-intervention, indicating lasting positive impacts on family dynamics and coping. This pilot study provides novel contributions by demonstrating how Haley’s Model, adapted with cultural humility, can effectively enhance transgender acceptance within a religiously conservative family system. It underscores the value of culturally respectful and systematic approaches in therapy and highlights the need for further research to explore the long-term effects and broader applicability of these interventions in diverse contexts.

Adaptive multi-switching synchronization control of six-dimensional conservative systems based on memristor

Adaptive multi-switching synchronization control of six-dimensional conservative systems based on memristor

Exact solutions for a coherent phenomenon of condensation in conservative Hamiltonian systems.

While it is known that Hamiltonian systems may undergo a phenomenon of condensation akin to Bose-Einstein condensation, not all the manifestations of this phenomenon have been uncovered yet. In this work, we present a novel form of condensation in conservative Hamiltonian systems that stands out due to its evolution through highly coherent states. The result is based on a deterministic approach to obtain exact explicit solutions representing the dynamical formation of condensates in finite time. We reveal a dual-cascade behavior during the process, featuring inverse and direct transfer of conserved quantities across the spectrum. The direct cascade yields the excitation of arbitrarily high modes in finite time, being associated with the formation of a small-scale coherent structure. We provide a fully analytic description of the processes involved.