Conservation Of Fish Resources Research Articles

Thermal efficiency of environmentally friendly closed cooling systems of marine power plants

The issues of heat removal efficiency of cladding heat exchangers of closed cooling systems of ship power plants are considered. The use of such systems allows obtaining technical and environmental advantages in the operation of the vessel. The latter ensures the conservation of fish resources of the seas and continental waters. It is shown that the worst conditions for heat removal take place when the vessel is parked. In this case, heat transfer to outboard water is carried out with free convection. This mode is the main calculation mode. In the case of vessel movement, heat removal increases significantly, since it is carried out with forced convection. For the case of the ship berthing, the results of experimental thermal engineering studies on a model of 1m2 are presented. It is shown that the efficiency of heat removal significantly depends on the orientation of the ship’s plating of the temperature difference in the apparatus. The transition from the bottom location of the apparatus to the side, as well as an increase in the temperature difference, provide greater thermal efficiency. Generalizing similarity equations are obtained for the case of the ship berthing. Based on them, a method for the calculation has been developed. The reliability of this technique is fully confirmed by the results of testing such a heat exchanger, with an area of 100 m2, on a self-propelled floating crane of project 15201. It is shown that the obtained generalizing similarity equations have their own characteristics compared to the known ones. This is a consequence of the peculiarities of the processes taking place in such devices. For the case of vessel movement, generalizing similarity equations are also obtained. In this case, the authors have used the results of their own tests of such devices on the floating crane of project 15201, as well as the tests results of other researchers on various ships.

Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Chrysichthys longidorsalis (Risch & Thys Van Den Audenaerde, 1981) Landed at the Sanaga River Basin, Cameroon

Given the lack of adequate information on morphometric characteristics of wild fish in Cameroon, the present research was carried out from November 2019 to October 2020 to analyse length - weight relationship and Fulton’s condition factor of Chrysichthys longidorsalis (Risch & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1981) to provide baseline information for its fishery management and aquaculture development. A total of 451 sampled C. longidorsalis captured from Sanaga River basin of the Centre Region in Cameroon were identified and lengths and weights measured. Mean standard length, total length and total weight of samples were 18.13 ± 7.32 cm, 23.91 ± 9.37 cm and 305.15 ± 315.66 g respectively. The males were longer and heavier than females (p<0.05). High correlation coefficient (>0.9) and coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9516) revealed strong positive relationship (>95%) between fish standard length and total weight. The growth coefficient (b) values, were less than 3 (2.7234) suggesting a negative allometric growth pattern. Though the condition factor was higher (p<0.05) in males and during the dry season than in females and during the rainy season, the overall value was 5.85 ± 11.44, indicating that the fish had good adaptation to conditions of the Sanaga River basin. This study serves as useful reference for sustainable management and conservation of fish resources in Cameroonian waters.

Siri'na Pacce: a Form of Fulfilling Women's Rights through the Conduct of Responsible Fisheries

Conservation of fish resources aims to protect fish species, maintain fish species diversity, protect ecosystems, and utilize fish resources in a sustainable manner. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of women's empowerment in the conservation of fish resources with the siri'na pacce philosophy of the Makasssar tribe. This study uses a qualitative approach, which is elaborated by using legal norms based on the provisions of international law and national law. The results of this study show that women's empowerment in the conservation of fish resources is protected by international and national laws, so that women in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, are entitled to legal protection from misbehavior. discriminatory on any basis, to empower instilling children and families' care in conserving fish resources with the Siri'Na Pacce philosophy of not doing Siri' Mappakasiri'siri' which can prevent someone from doing things that are contrary to the law, norms that live in society, and other things that can harm humans and humanity itself, especially in the protection, utilization, and conservation of fish resources.

Spatiotemporal variations of fish feeding guilds in Yellow River basin

Conservation of fish resources is the key to ecological protection and high-quality development of Yellow River basin. From 1960 to 2019, Yellow River basin distributed 201 fish species, belonging to 16 orders, 35 families. The species number of Cypriniformes was the largest (accounting for 60.7%), followed by Perciformes (accounting for 10.0%). From 1960 to 1980, there were 182 fish species belonging to 15 orders, 28 families. During 1980-2019, there were 112 species, belonging to 10 orders, 23 families. The total number of fish species in source area, midstream and downstream decreased significantly, while that in the upper reaches increased slightly. Jaccard's similarity index of source area, upstream, midstream and downstream between two periods were 34.2%, 46.0%, 42.4% and 35.7%, respectively. Based on feeding preference characteristic, fish species could be divided into eight feeding guilds: phytobenthivores, herbivores, phytoplanktivores, zooplanktivores, omnivorous, insectivores, zoobenthivores, and piscivores. Compared with the period from 1960 to 1980, the proportion of insectivores decreased significantly in the Yellow River basin during 1980-2019, while that of phytobenthivores, herbivores, phytoplanktivores, omnivorous and piscivores increased significantly. From 1960 to 1980, the proportion of insectivores was higher than other reaches at source area and upstream, then began to decrease along the river continuum from reaches with elevation of 2000-3000 m; while the proportion of piscivores was lower than other reaches at source area and upstream, then began to increase along the river continuum from reaches with elevation of 2000-3000 m. From 1980 to 2019, the proportion of insectivores decreased along river continuum from source area, and that of piscivores increased from source area to midstream but decreased in downstream. Development of cascade hydropower, water pollution, insufficient water flow, overfishing and invasion of alien fish were important factors causing the spatiotemporal variations of fish feeding guilds in Yellow River basin.

Does hydropower growth threaten fish security under the pathway of sustainable development? Evidence from European Union economies

This research explores the impact of hydropower growth on fish supply in European Union Region nations from 1990 to 2019. Using the panel fully modified ordinary least squares, the outcome exhibits the reduced fish supply with the growth in hydropower production. Also, human population density and growth economics were found to be decreasing fish supply and their habitats. While institutional quality and expenditure were found to be increasing fish species and numbers, the finding implies that fish supply in the European Union Region could efficiently be minimized by boosting the quantity of hydropower production with operational procedures. This can ultimately add more burden on an already degraded natural resource and negative environmental impacts. The predicted outcomes are confirmed by dummy panel ordinary least squares and pooled ordinary least squares thus, thought to be valid. The research advised the European Union nations to develop the efficiency and productivity of hydropower in the energy mix to lessen the carbon dioxide releases. The authorities from these nations should further participate in the sustainability of hydropower industry growth by exploring the probability of the unified river managing structures to resolve conflicting economic, political, and ecological benefits. The government of the said nations can similarly stress the sustainability of the hydropower output to reach energy certainty and conservation of fish resources to achieve food security.

Food Habits and Ecological Niche of Silver Barp Fish (Barbonymus gonionotus) in Jatibarang Reservoir, Semarang

Research about biological characteristics of fish is important to support the conservation of fish resources. The fish population in the Jatibarang Reservoir includes Tilapia, Milkfish, Koan, Red Devil, and Silver Barp Fish (local name is tawes). The aims of this research was to study the abundance of plankton and determine the food habits of Silver Barp (Barbonymus gonionotus), such as Index of Preponderance (IP), proportion of food type (Pi) and ecological niche. it can be used as a management reference to maintened tawes, which is native to the waters of the Jatibarag Reservoir. This research was conducted by taking samples of Silver Barp using gillnet and hook fishing gear. Samples were taken in July and November 2020. The results showed that Chlorophycea is the main food for tawes fish (IP value 52.34%). The phytoplankton in the waters of the Jatibarang Reservoir has abundance of 4200 ind / L with the highest abundance is Chlorophyceae with value of 1780 ind / L (42.38%). Based on the results, Tawes chose food from the Cyanopyceae, Dinophyceae and Zygnematophyceae classes however Dictyochophyceae were not found in the digestive contents of the Tawes. The area of the Tawes niche (Bi) was 2,825, with the largest Pi originating from Chlorophyceae plankton while the smallest Pi is from the class Dictyochophyceae and Fragilariophyceae with a value of 0. (Bi) index is to compare the area of the niche with other fish in a habitat, the higher this value means the wider the type of feed.

Diversity of Introduced Species of Fishes in Penjalin Reservoir Central Java Indonesia

The decreased diversity of fish is partly due to the introduction of fish or foreign species into the waters. The impact of this entry is relatively vast, not only damaging the environment and genetic but also disturbing the indigenous species and spreading disease and parasites to the fish. This study aimed to analyze the fish diversity of introduced species and indigenous species captured in Penjalin Reservoir and the correlation between biodiversity and water quality. The method included a survey with five Stations of sampling. The present study caught 539 fish, consisted of seven families, ten breeds, and 11 species (six introduced and five indigenous). The diversity of introduced species was higher than that of the indigenous. The captured introduced fish were Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis sp, Oxyeletris marmorata, Clarias gariepinus, Cyprinus carpio, and Poecilia reticulata. The similarity index of fish diversity was almost equal across Stations. The O. marmorata species had the highest relative abundance and dominated Penjalin Reservoir. The diversity of introduced species was positively correlated with the parameters of depth, pH, and free CO2 in the center of the reservoir, while the Total Suspended Solid (TSS) of the indigenous species was in the inlet of the Garung river. The significance of the present research is to promote the conservation of fish resources and to maintain a balanced ecosystem, especially the existence of introduced species and indigenous species in the waters of Penjalin Reservoir.

Mismatch between critical and accumulated temperature following river damming impacts fish spawning

Dam operations considerably influence water temperature regimes in rivers, which affects fish spawning activities. Previous studies have focused on the effects of critical temperature (CT) alterations during the spawning period, and largely ignored the effects of accumulated temperature (AT) alterations on gonadal development. Successful spawning relies on the simultaneous achievement of the two thermal requirements at appropriate times. River damming may cause a mismatch between the times of achieving CT and AT thresholds, and in turn influence fish reproduction. In the present study, spawning events of Coreius heterodon (C. heterodon) from 2009 to 2015 in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which are under the influence of cascade dams, were analysed based on the times of achievement of CT and AT thresholds. The CT and AT thresholds for C. heterodon spawning were 18.4 °C and 1324.9 °C·d, respectively. Under pre-impoundment conditions, the time of achievement of the AT threshold was 23 d on average later than that under post-impoundment conditions; however, the time of achievement of the CT threshold was similar under both conditions. The time of achievement of the AT threshold was 10 d earlier than that of achievement of the CT threshold in post-impoundment conditions. Earlier achievement of AT thresholds was followed by reduced spawning. The alteration of temperature rhythm caused by reservoir operations could be the major factor decreasing spawning abundance after river damming. The results of the present study could facilitate sustainable reservoir operations with regards to water temperature management, and thereby improve the conservation of fish resources.

Fishermen’s perception of fisheries resources and water condition in Kretek District, Parangtritis

The coastal area which located in Kretek District performed the highest production in capture fisheries of Bantul Regency. As the consequence, many people in this district earn their living on fisheries sector as a fisherman, especially people in Parangtritis Village. The existence of perception affect relation between the person and their environment. In this case, the perception between fishermen and their coastal area specifically the sea water condition. Therefore, the study was conducted to understand the perception which develop in this area. The method used was quantitative descriptive method with chi-square test to understand relation between fishermen’s characteristic and perception with condition in Parangtritis coast. Result showed that fishermen’s perception about size of capture fish results, needed for conservation of fish resources, and about capture fish result condition in Parangtritis coast is have a relation with level of education, income, and fishermen’s place of origin.

GENETIC IMPLICATIONS OF RESTOCKING PROGRAMS ON WILD POPULATIONS OF STREAKED PROCHILOD <i>Prochilodus lineatus<i>

Genetic diversity of wild and farmed populations is crucial, both for conservation of fish resources and fish culture development. To infer the genetic diversity and population structure of Streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus, individuals were sampled between 2007-2009 from four fish farms and from the Upper Uruguay River Basin, both in southern Brazil. Population structure was identified in both farmed and wild individuals through seven microsatellite loci. Bayesian analysis indicated three main groups, including two from fish farms. Pairwise genetic differentiation showed spatial structure between and within wild and farmed populations; however, the sampling design did not allow testing temporal structure according to isolation-by-time (IBT), which means that populations can breed within the same geographic distribaution, but reproduce at different times. Cultivated individuals presented lower diversity, allelic richness and effective population size, but higher inbreeding rates, compared to wild populations. These characteristics constitute warning signs against indiscriminate restocking of natural Prochilodus lineatus populations, a species sensitive to fragmented habitats, with farmed fish.

The UN and Its Agencies in the Development of Regulations on Management and Conservation of Fisheries: A Plurality of Initiatives but Questionable Coherence

Although various organizations have been established for the management and conservation of fisheries and these have contributed to the establishment of common regulations pertaining to the management of fisheries on a global or regional level, current measures for the management and conservation of fish resources do not appear to be very effective. This article attempts to clarify the current problems involved in the management and conservation of fisheries and what kinds of regulations are necessary to manage sustainable fisheries effectively in an era of increasing fish consumption.

Law Enforcement on Conservation of Fish Resources in Indonesia

Law Enforcement on Conservation of Fish Resources in Indonesia

Effects Assessment of Summer Fishing Moratorium in Daya Bay in the Northern South China Sea

In order to assess effects of Summer Fishing Moratorium (SFM) in Daya Bay, variations in stock density, fish diversity, fish species composition, fish body length and weight, and bio-environments during the pre-SFM (May in 2015) and post-SFM (August in 2015) in Daya Bay were analyzed, based on trawl survey data. Results showed that the average stock density in the post-SFM was 5.65 times of that in the pre-SFM, and the average species numbers in the post-SFM was 1.76 times of that in the pre-SFM. Analysis of fish body length and weight indicated that fish grew faster during the SFM, and body weight was more uniform in the post-SFM. In the post-SFM, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index increased by 0.36 and 0.14, respectively, indicating that the fish biodiversity and community structure improved. SFM alleviated fishing intensity, recovered and conserved coastal fish resource. In order to improve efficiency and impacts of SFM and to promote sustainable development of coastal fish resource, prolonging the time of SFM, reducing the number of coastal fishing boats and enforcing the conservation of fish resources were suggested.

Floodplain fish communities in river systems in Bolivia: Current knowledge and addressing future research challenges

Tropical freshwater fish communities are increasingly under threat from anthropogenic pressures, particularly alteration to the hydrological regime (e.g. via deforestation and mining within the watershed and in-stream impoundments) which defines the extent and characteristics of in-channel and floodplain habitats for fishes. The ecological consequences of altered hydrology for tropical floodplain ecosystems are likely to be major declines in fish abundance and diversity, lower food web connectivity, reduced microhabitat availability for reproduction and refuge, modified migration patterns and consequently reduced ecosystem services, e.g. fishery resource. Evidence of change is lacking and the current species inventory approaches of collecting fish-related data do not consider spatial (i.e. river-floodplain distances) and temporal (i.e. flood water levels) gradients that are known to largely influence fish communities present in floodplain waterbodies. In the context of increasing threats, fish diversity and community declines are real and require suitable methodological approaches to combine available information and an informed analysis of likely change before actions are irreversible. Bolivian rivers are relatively undisturbed compared to other tropical rivers, however, plans for hydropower and increased deforestation and mining in the region could have devastating effects on the hydrological patterns and the dependent biodiversity. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of floodplain freshwater fishes using Bolivian rivers as the example, identify the gaps that exist in the science and to propose a landscape ecology approach to integrate pattern and process understanding of the river-floodplain mosaic to fill knowledge gaps in an appropriate way towards the conservation of fish resources.

English

The intention contained in laws and regulations concerning the conservation of fish resources is so that there are activities that lead to protection of fish resources as a whole. During this time the utilization of fish resources more dominant done compared to the protection and preservation, so the impact on the aquatic ecosystem. The purpose of this research is to examine international agreements regarding the conservation of fish resources which have been ratified and implemented into other policies and legislation in order to become a guideline in behavior so bring a change in society. This research is a descriptive qualitative using a data source from an earlier study results and document the latest libraries. Results of the study that the conditions of the CCRF (Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries) became a legal basis in the formulation of the provisions concerning the management of fish resources responsibly. Sustainable fisheries zone were never regulated in the regulation of the management of conservation areas. The Fisheries Act has yet to implement the provisions of the UN fish stocks agreement of 1995 relating to the conservation and management of fish resources in the ZEE and Indonesia on the high seas. Therefore the Fisheries Act require refinement, considering Indonesia has been a member of two regional fisheries management organization and ratify the UNITED NATIONS Agreement on fish stocks of 1995.

Model Joint Business Group Based Knowledge for Fishermen Community Empowerment Strategies (Case Study of Business Diversification on Solid Capture Region Cirebon City)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of public capital fishing, fish processing business and micro-business skills to the programs and activities of the agency joint venture (KUB) coastal fishing town of Cirebon: to analyze the effect of public capital fishing, fish processing business and micro-enterprise skills through the agency the joint venture (KUB) fisherman exchange coastal fishing town of Cirebon: to analyze the effect of public capital fishing, fish processing business and micro-enterprise skills through a joint venture group institutions (KUB) and exchange fishing to conservation of fish resources in the coastal city of Cirebon , and to formulate a model of the joint venture (KUB) knowledge as a strategy of empowerment of fishing communities in the city of Cirebon. Analysis of regression weights measurement models with business groups (KUB) based knowledge as a fishing community empowerment strategy was as follows: capital fishing communities and micro-enterprise skills significantly influence the institutional joint venture (KUB) Cirebon fishermen. While the fish processing business variables didn’t significantly influence the institutional joint venture (KUB) Cirebon fishermen; stock fishing communities, fish processing business and micro-enterprise skills together through the institution of the joint venture (KUB) fisherman significant effect on the value of rate of coastal fishing town of Cirebon. While the partial correlation between public capital fishing, fish processing business and micro-enterprise skills exchange coastal fishing town of Cirebon was not significant; stock fishing communities, fish processing business and micro-enterprise skills together through the institution of the joint venture (KUB) and exchange rates have a significant effect fishing conservation of coastal fish resources Cirebon. While the partial correlation between public capital fishing, fish processing business and micro-business skills for the preservation of coastal fishery resources Cirebon was not significant, and KUB institutional model based knowledge capital in the form of fishing communities, fish processing business and micro-enterprise skills through a strategy of empowerment fishing communities significantly influence conservation of fish resources in coastal city of Cirebon.

Environmental flow requirements assessment in the Halda River, Bangladesh

Environmental flows have scarcely been considered in river water management in Bangladesh. This study attempts to assess the environmental flow requirements in the Halda River, Bangladesh. Thus, the objectives are to estimate the Halda River flow with different return periods/probabilities, which was done using the log-Pearson Type III distribution (LPIII), and to mitigate the environmental problems in the Halda River using the building block method. The LPIII distribution was used to estimate the expected extreme and satisfactory flows for fish habitat at Panchpukuria station and the expected extreme water levels at Panchpukuria, Narayanhat, Telpari and Enayethat stations. It was found that floods are likely to occur at least once in 2.1, 1.02, 1.75 and 1.25 years at Panchpukuria, Narayanhat, Telpari and Enayethat stations, respectively. The results of flow and water quality analyses suggest that environmental flow requirements cannot be achieved in this river throughout the year. The environmental flow requirements and conservation of fish resources can be achieved by implementing the suggestions provided in conjunction with a comprehensive awareness programme, investigations and trade-off analyses being among the suggestions. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor B. Sivakumar Citation Akter, A. and Ali, Md. H., 2012. Environmental flow requirements assessment in the Halda River, Bangladesh. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (2), 326–343.

DNA barcoding for conservation and management of Amazonian commercial fish

DNA barcoding is used to assign a biological specimen to a species. DNA-based procedure has become the preferred forensic tool for criminal prosecution in cases involving the sale of incorrectly identified food. The aim of this work was to develop a DNA-based marker for allowing an accurate and reliable identification of Amazonian fish species of commercial interest. For this purpose, we extracted DNA from fish directly purchased in local markets and identified de visu by local experts. We PCR amplified the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes. Twenty-nine commercial species accounting for most commercial landings in the River Amazon markets were unambiguously identified based on their DNA for the first time. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed based on the sequences of the two mitochondrial genes clustered species in concordance with their taxonomic classification. We illustrated the utility of DNA barcoding demonstrating that the group of fish generically sold as “ Acará” includes seven different species, which are being exploited together as a single species, thus estimation of exploitation rates was not possible until now. Application of genetic markers for species authentication in markets and control of commercial landings will contribute to recognition of the real fishing targets and to the conservation of fish resources in the Amazon basin.

Status and conservation of fish resources in the Chishui River

Status and conservation of fish resources in the Chishui River

Improvement of fishery-management advice through simulation testing of harvest algorithms

The risks and benefits associated with a given fishery-management measure, such as choice of a total allowable catch (TAC), depend on how future measures are to be chosen. It is therefore more appropriate to assess the risks and benefits of procedures or algorithms for determining management actions rather than those of single actions. The properties of a management algorithm can be explored by simulating its behaviour in hypothetical test scenarios. In each scenario, annual data with random error are generated from a simulated fishery and used by the algorithm to determine the TAC or other management measure for the next year. The performance of a management algorithm is measured against a variety of competing criteria that reflect the extent to which it achieves the conservation of fish resources, allows a reasonable level of utilization, and provides an acceptable degree of stability in catch or effort limits. Through an iterative process of testing and development, a management algorithm can be found that is robust towards uncertainties and that can be tuned to provide the desired trade-off between competing performance goals. The approach is illustrated using the Catch Limit Algorithm developed for the management of baleen whale harvests.